Queensland Consolidated Regulations

TRANSPORT OPERATIONS (ROAD USE MANAGEMENT--VEHICLE STANDARDS AND SAFETY) REGULATION 1999 - SCHEDULE 1

A provision of parts 4 to 12 of these standards does not apply to a vehicle if--

(a) the provision is inconsistent with a requirement of a second or third edition ADR applying to the vehicle; and

(b) the vehicle complies with the requirement.

A provision of parts 4 to 12 of these standards does not apply to a vehicle if--

(a) the vehicle does not comply with a requirement of an ADR applying to the vehicle; and

(b) the provision corresponds to the requirement of the ADR; and

(c) despite the noncompliance, approval has been given under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth), section 10A(2) or (3), to place identification plates on vehicles of that type; and

(d) the vehicle complies with the approval conditions, if any.

An ADR (Australian Design Rule) is a national standard.

A national standard is a national standard under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth), part 2.

A second edition ADR is a national standard incorporated in the document described as the Australian Design Rules for Motor Vehicle Safety, Second Edition originally published by the then Commonwealth Department of Transport.

A third edition ADR is a national standard incorporated in the document described as the Australian Design Rules for Motor Vehicles and Trailers, Third Edition published by the Federal Office of Road Safety of the Commonwealth Department of Transport and Regional Development.

(1) If a second edition ADR recommends that the ADR should apply to a vehicle, the vehicle must comply with the ADR.

(2) If a second edition ADR has a requirement for a type of equipment fitted to a vehicle built on or after a stated time, any equipment of the same type fitted to the vehicle after it is built must comply with--

(a) the requirement as in force when the vehicle was built; or

(b) if the requirement is amended after the vehicle is built and before the equipment is fitted, the requirement as in force at any time between--

(i) when the vehicle was built; and

(ii) when the equipment was fitted.

(3) However, a vehicle, or equipment fitted to a vehicle, need not comply with a recommendation or requirement of a second edition ADR if--

(a) the recommendation or requirement is replaced by, or is inconsistent with, a requirement of a third edition ADR applying to the vehicle or equipment; and

(b) the vehicle or equipment complies with the requirement of the third edition ADR.

(4) If a second edition ADR allows a vehicle built on or after a stated time to be fitted with equipment, a vehicle built before the time may also be fitted with the equipment.

(1) If a third edition ADR applies to the design and construction of a vehicle, the vehicle must comply with the ADR.

(2) If a third edition ADR contains a requirement for a type of equipment fitted to a vehicle built on or after a stated time, any equipment of the same type fitted to the vehicle after it is built must comply with--

(a) the requirement as in force when the vehicle was built; or

(b) if the requirement is amended after the vehicle is built and before the equipment is fitted, the requirement as in force at any time between--

(i) when the vehicle was built; and

(ii) when the equipment was fitted.

(3) However, a vehicle, or equipment fitted to a vehicle, need not comply with a requirement of a third edition ADR if--

(a) the requirement is replaced by, or is inconsistent with, a requirement of a later version of the ADR applying to the vehicle or equipment; and

(b) the vehicle or equipment complies with the requirement of the later version.

(4) If a third edition ADR allows a vehicle built on or after a stated time to be fitted with equipment, a vehicle built before the time may also be fitted with the equipment.

A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 7(1) or 8(1) if a determination or declaration under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth), section 5B, provides that the vehicle is not a road vehicle for that Act.

(1) A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 7(1) or 8(1) if--

(a) despite noncompliance with the ADR, approval has been given, under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth), section 10A(2) or (3), to place identification plates on vehicles of that type; and

(b) the vehicle complies with the approval conditions, if any.

(2) A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 7(1) or 8(1) if--

(a) the vehicle may be supplied to the market under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth), section 14A(1); and

(b) for a vehicle for which an approval has been given under that section--the vehicle complies with the approval conditions, if any.

(3) A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 7(1) or 8(1) if--

(a) the vehicle may be used in transport in Australia under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth), section 15(2); and

(b) for a vehicle for which an approval has been given under that section, the vehicle complies with the approval conditions, if any.

(1) A personally imported vehicle must be fitted with--

(a) seat belts that are as effective as seat belts that meet an Australian Standard or British Standard for seat belts as in force when this section commenced; and

(b) seat belt anchorages that meet the number and location requirements of second or third edition ADR 5; and

(c) child restraint anchorages that meet the number, location, accessibility, thread size and form requirements of second edition ADR 34 or third edition ADR 5 or 34; and

(d) head restraints that meet the number, location and size requirements of second or third edition ADR 22.

(2) However, a personally imported vehicle need only meet the requirements of an ADR mentioned in subsection (1) if the ADR recommends that it should apply, or applies, to a vehicle of the same type.

(3) A personally imported vehicle need not otherwise comply with an ADR applied by section 7(1) or 8(1).

(4) In this section--

personally imported vehicle means a vehicle built after 1968 that is imported into Australia by a person who--

(a) owned and used the vehicle for a continuous period of at least 3 months before it was imported into Australia; and

(b) when the vehicle was imported into Australia, was--

(i) an Australian citizen, permanent resident or a person who had applied to become an Australian citizen or permanent resident; and

(ii) old enough to hold a driver's licence or learner's permit to drive the vehicle; and

(c) within the previous year, had not imported into Australia another vehicle owned by the person.

(1) A compliance plate must be attached to a motor vehicle built from 1 January 1972 to 31 August 1989 (both inclusive).

(2) A compliance plate or identification plate must be attached to a motor vehicle built after 31 August 1989.

(3) The compliance plate or identification plate must be attached to the motor vehicle in a conspicuous place.

(4) Subsections (1) to (3) do not apply to a vehicle that--

(a) may be imported into Australia without a compliance plate under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth); and

(b) complies with each ADR that applies to it under section 7(1) or 8(1).

An adopted standard is a standard, other than a national standard, that is applied, adopted or incorporated by these standards.

Example--

Section 52(7) adopts Australian Standard AS 1906 Retro-reflective Materials and Devices for Road Traffic Control Purposes.

Unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in a provision of this schedule to an adopted standard is a reference to the standard as in force when the provision commenced.

A vehicle need not comply with an adopted standard if--

(a) the standard is replaced by, or is inconsistent with, a later version of the standard; and

(b) the vehicle complies with the later version of the standard.

(1) A motor vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t must have a right-hand drive.

(2) A motor vehicle with a GVM not over 4.5t must have a right-hand drive if the vehicle is less than 30 years old.

(3) A motor vehicle has a right-hand drive if the centre of at least 1 steering control of the vehicle is to the right of, or in line with, the centre of the vehicle.

(4) A component of a steering system of a motor vehicle that is essential for effective steering of the vehicle must be built to transmit energy by mechanical means only.

(5) Failure of a non-mechanical component of the steering system must not prevent effective steering of the vehicle.

(6) This section does not apply to a motor vehicle if the vehicle is built or used mainly for a purpose other than the transport of goods or people by road.

(1) A motor vehicle must be able to turn in a circle not over 25m in diameter, measured by the outer edge of the tyre track at ground level.

(2) The vehicle must be able to comply with subsection (1) whether it turns to the left or to the right.

A motor vehicle with a mass, when unloaded, over 450kg must be able to be driven both backwards and forwards when the driver is in the normal driving position.

(1) A thing fitted to a vehicle must be designed, built and fitted to the vehicle in a way that minimises the likelihood of injury to a person making contact with the vehicle.

(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a thing fitted to a vehicle if--

(a) the vehicle was designed before 1965 and the thing was part of the design of the vehicle; or

(b) the thing was fitted to the vehicle before 1965 in accordance with the law of the place where the thing was fitted.

A motor vehicle must be built--

(a) to allow the driver a view of the road and of traffic to the front and sides of the vehicle so the driver can drive the vehicle safely; and

(b) with its controls located so the driver can drive the vehicle safely.

A seat for a driver or passenger in a vehicle must be securely attached to the vehicle.

(1) A vehicle must have firmly fitted--

(a) a mudguard for each wheel or for adjacent wheels; and

(b) for each axle group and single axle on a vehicle that is part of a B-double, spray suppression devices complying with Parts 1 and 2 of British Standard AU200-1984 Spray Reducing Devices for Heavy Goods Vehicle.

(2) However, subsection (1)(a) does not apply to a vehicle if--

(a) the construction or use of the vehicle makes the fitting of mudguards unnecessary or impracticable; or

(b) the body or part of the body of the vehicle acts as a mudguard.

Examples for subsection (2)(a)--

pole-type trailers used to carry timber

most road-making plant

some agricultural equipment

(3) A mudguard fitted to a vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t must, when the wheels of the vehicle are in position to move straight ahead--

(a) reduce the danger of a person contacting the moving wheels; and

(b) for the rear wheels--

(i) cover the overall tyre width of the wheel or wheels to which it is fitted; and

(ii) be fitted so the height above ground level of the lowest edge of the rear of the mudguard is not over one-third of the horizontal distance between the edge and the centre of the rearmost axle.

(4) However, a mudguard may be up to--

(a) 230mm above ground level; or

(b) if a vehicle is built to be used off road--300mm above ground level.

(5) The outside of a rear mudguard, other than a mudflap, of a vehicle that can be seen from the rear of the vehicle must be coloured white or silver if the vehicle--

(a) is at least 2.2m wide; and

(b) has a body the vertical measurement of which is under 300mm at the rear, measured from the lowest point of the body above ground level to the highest point; and

(c) is not fitted with rear marking plates in accordance with section 106.

(6) For subsection (5)(a), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre inflation systems, lights, mirrors, reflectors, signalling devices and tyre pressure gauges.

(1) A motor vehicle must be fitted with at least 1 horn or other device that can give sufficient audible warning to other road users of the approach or position of the vehicle.

(2) A motor vehicle must not be fitted with a device that can make a sound like the sound of a siren, bell, exhaust whistle, compression whistle or repeater horn.

(3) However, subsection (2) does not apply to the following motor vehicles--

(a) a police vehicle;

(b) an emergency vehicle;

(c) a transport enforcement vehicle;

(d) an Australian Protective Service vehicle;

(e) an Australian Customs Service vehicle;

(f) an Airservices Australia vehicle;

(g) a vehicle at least 25 years old and fitted as a police or emergency vehicle if--

(i) the vehicle is used for exhibition purposes; or

(ii) it is part of a collection of former police or emergency vehicles;

(h) a motor vehicle fitted with an anti-theft alarm if the alarm can not be operated while the vehicle's ignition is on.

(4) Also, a motor vehicle may be fitted with a device that emits a regular, intermittent sound while the vehicle is reversing or in reverse gear.

(5) The device must not be louder than is necessary so the driver, and a person near the vehicle, can hear the device when it is operating.

(1) A rear vision mirror or mirrors must be fitted to a motor vehicle as required by this section so that a driver of the vehicle can clearly see by reflection the road behind the vehicle and any following or overtaking vehicle.

(2) At least 1 rear vision mirror must be fitted to--

(a) a car; and

(b) a motortrike with 2 front wheels; and

(c) a motorbike, or motortrike with 1 front wheel, built before July 1975.

(3) At least 1 rear vision mirror must be fitted to each side of--

(a) a motor vehicle with a GVM over 3.5t; and

(b) a motorbike, or motortrike with 1 front wheel, built after June 1975.

(4) A motor vehicle with a GVM not over 3.5t, other than a motor vehicle mentioned in subsection (2) or (3), must be fitted with--

(a) at least 1 rear vision mirror on the right side of the vehicle; and

(b) at least 1 rear vision mirror on the left side of the vehicle or inside the vehicle.

(5) A rear vision mirror fitted to a motor vehicle with a GVM over 3.5t must not project over 150mm beyond the widest part, excluding lights, signalling devices and reflectors, of the vehicle or combination.

(6) However, the rear vision mirror may project not over 230mm beyond the widest part of the vehicle or combination if it can fold to project not over 150mm beyond the widest part.

(1) A rear vision mirror required to be fitted to the side of a motor vehicle with a GVM over 3.5t must have a reflecting surface of at least 150cm2.

(2) A rear vision mirror required to be fitted to the right side of a motor vehicle with a GVM over 3.5t must have a flat reflecting surface if--

(a) the vehicle has only 1 steering control; and

(b) the centre of the steering control is to the right of, or in line with, the centre of the vehicle.

(3) The reflecting surface of the rear vision mirrors that are required to be fitted to a motorbike or moped must--

(a) each be of the same curvature; and

(b) if convex, be part of a notional sphere with a radius of at least 1.2m.

A motor vehicle may be fitted with additional rear vision mirrors or mirror surfaces that are flat or convex or a combination of flat and convex surfaces.

(1) A motor vehicle fitted with an automatic transmission must have an engine starter mechanism that can not operate when the transmission control is in a position to drive the vehicle.

(2) A motor vehicle built after 1975 that is fitted with an automatic transmission must have an indicator in the driver's compartment showing the transmission control position.

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to a motor vehicle with less than 4 wheels.

A motor vehicle propelled by a compression ignition engine, commonly known as a diesel engine, must be fitted with a device preventing the engine from being started accidentally or inadvertently.

(1) A motor vehicle with a moveable body panel forward of the windscreen that covers an engine or luggage storage or battery compartment, must have a device to secure the panel.

(2) However, if the panel opens from the front in a way that partly or completely obstructs the driver's forward view through the windscreen, the panel must have primary and secondary devices to secure the panel.

(1) The wiring of electrical equipment of a vehicle, other than the high tension ignition wiring, must--

(a) be supported at intervals of not over 600mm, unless the vehicle is a pole-type trailer with a pole with an adjustable length, or an extendible trailer; and

(b) be insulated at each of its joints; and

(c) be located where it can not--

(i) become overheated; or

(ii) contact moving parts; or

(iii) come near enough to the fuel system to be a fire hazard; and

(d) be protected from chafing.

(2) The electrical connectors between motor vehicles and trailers, for operation of the vehicle lights required by these standards, must comply with Australian Standard AS 2513-1982 Electrical Connectors for Trailer Vehicles.

(3) A trailer must be equipped with an electrical conductor, independent of the trailer coupling, that provides a return path between the electrical circuits of the trailer and towing vehicle.

(4) The electrical wiring, connections and installations of a semitrailer, dog trailer or converter dolly used in a road train over 19m long after June 1998 must comply with third edition ADR 63, whether or not it was built before the date stated in the ADR for vehicles of that type.

(1) A television receiver or visual display unit must not be installed in a motor vehicle so any part of the image on the screen is visible to the driver from the normal driving position.

(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to--

(a) a television receiver or visual display unit that can not be operated when the vehicle is moving; or

(b) a driver's aid in any vehicle or a destination sign in a bus or minibus.

Examples for paragraph (b)--

closed-circuit television security cameras

dispatch systems

navigational or intelligent highway and vehicle system equipment

rear view screens

ticket-issuing machines

vehicle monitoring devices

(3) A television receiver, or visual display unit, and its associated equipment in a motor vehicle must be securely mounted in a position that--

(a) does not obscure the driver's view of the road; and

(b) does not impede the movement of a person in the vehicle.

(1) Transparent material used in a windscreen, window, or an interior partition, of a motor vehicle must be of approved material if--

(a) the vehicle was built after June 1953; or

(b) the material was first fitted to the vehicle after June 1953.

(2) In this section--

approved material means material with the same characteristics as material mentioned in any of the following standards--

• Australian Standard AS R1-1965 Safety Glass for Land Transport

• Australian Standard AS R1-1968 Safety Glass for Land Transport

• Australian Standard AS 2080-1977 Safety Glass for Vehicles

• British Standard BS 857:1967 Specification for Safety Glass for Land Transport

• British Standard BS 5282:1975 Road Vehicle Safety Glass

• British Standard BS AU178:1980 Road Vehicle Safety Glass

• Japanese Industrial Standard JIS R 3211-1979 Safety Glasses for Road Vehicles

• American National Standard ANSI Z26.1-1980 Safety Code for Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highway.

transparent material does not include any coating added to the windscreen, window or partition after its manufacture.

(1) Glazing used in a windscreen of a motor vehicle must have a luminous transmittance of at least--

(a) for a motor vehicle built after 1971--75%; or

(b) for another motor vehicle--70%.

(2) Glazing used in a windscreen of a motor vehicle must not be coated in a way that reduces its luminous transmittance.

(3) However, subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to the greater of the following areas of a windscreen--

(a) the area above the highest point of the windscreen that is swept by a windscreen wiper;

(b) the upper 10% of the windscreen.

(4) Glazing used in a window or interior partition of a motor vehicle must have a luminous transmittance of at least 70%.

(5) Glazing used in a window or interior partition may be coated to achieve a luminous transmittance of not less than 35%.

(6) Glazing that has been coated to reduce its luminous transmittance must not have a reflectance of over 10%.

(7) The luminous transmittance requirement in subsection (5) applies to a vehicle instead of the corresponding requirements in the relevant ADR.

(8) In this section--

glazing means material fitted to the front, sides, rear or interior of a motor vehicle, through which the driver can see the road, but does not include a coating added after manufacture of the material.

luminous transmittance, for glazing, means the amount of light that can pass through the glazing as a percentage of the amount of light that would be transmitted if the glazing were absent.

(1) A motor vehicle with 3 or more wheels that is fitted with a windscreen must be fitted with at least 1 windscreen wiper unless a driver in a normal driving position can obtain an adequate view of the road ahead of the vehicle without looking through the windscreen.

(2) At least 1 windscreen wiper fitted to the vehicle must--

(a) be able to remove moisture from the part of the windscreen in front of the driver to allow the driver an adequate view of the road ahead of the vehicle when the windscreen is wet; and

(b) be able to be operated from a normal driving position; and

(c) for a vehicle built after 1934--continue to operate until the wiper is switched off; and

(d) for a vehicle built after 1959, the driving position of which is nearer one side of the vehicle than the other--

(i) be able to remove moisture from the part of the windscreen in front of the driver, and a corresponding part of the windscreen on the other side of the centre of the vehicle, to allow the driver an adequate view of the road ahead of the vehicle when the windscreen is wet; and

(ii) if the windscreen wiper is operated by engine manifold vacuum--be provided with a vacuum reservoir or pump to maintain the efficient operation of the wiper while the vehicle is in motion.

(3) If the vehicle was built after 1982 and has a GVM over 4.5t, it must also be fitted with a windscreen washer that can direct water onto the windscreen within the area swept by a windscreen wiper so the wiper can spread the water to all of the area swept by the wiper.

(4) The windscreen washer must be able to be operated from a normal driving position.

The wheels and tyres fitted to an axle of a vehicle must be of sufficient size and capacity to carry the part of the vehicle's gross mass transmitted to the ground through the axle.

A vehicle built after 1932 must be fitted with pneumatic tyres.

(1) A vehicle with a GVM not over 4.5t must not have pneumatic tyres of different carcass construction fitted to the same axle, but the tyres may have different cord materials and a different number of plies.

(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a tyre being used in an emergency as a temporary replacement for a tyre complying with the subsection.

The size and capacity of a pneumatic tyre to be fitted to a vehicle must be decided using a cold inflation pressure that is not more than the lesser of--

(a) the pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer; and

(b) a pressure of--

(i) for a radial ply tyre--825kPa; or

(ii) for another tyre--700kPa.

A tyre fitted to a vehicle must be free of any apparent defect that could make the vehicle unsafe.

(1) This section applies to a vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t instead of the tyre speed category requirements for the vehicle in the relevant ADR.

(2) A tyre fitted to the vehicle must be suitable for road use at the lower of--

(a) 100km/h; and

(b) the vehicle's top speed.

(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle if the vehicle--

(a) has 4 or more wheels; and

(b) was built after 1972; and

(c) has a GVM not over 4.5t.

(2) However, this section does not apply to a tyre if the tyre--

(a) is recommended by the vehicle manufacturer as suitable for limited use on the vehicle in special circumstances at a speed lower than the speed applying to the vehicle under subsection (3); or

(b) is being used in an emergency as a temporary replacement for a tyre complying with this section.

(3) A tyre fitted to a motor vehicle must, when first manufactured, have been rated by the tyre manufacturer as suitable for road use at the lower of--

(a) a speed of at least--

(i) for an off-road passenger vehicle--140km/h; or

(ii) for a car or car derivative--180km/h; or

(iii) for another motor vehicle--120km/h; and

(b) the vehicle's top speed.

Example for paragraph (a)(i)--

a four-wheel drive vehicle

(4) This section applies to a motor vehicle instead of the tyre speed category requirements in the relevant ADR.

(1) A tyre that is retreaded before the commencement of this section must not be used on a vehicle if--

(a) Australian Standard AS 1973-1976 Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger Car and Light Truck Tyres or Australian Standard AS 1973-1985 Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger and Light Truck Tyres applies to the tyre; and

(b) the tyre was retreaded after publication of the standard; and

(c) the tyre was not retreaded in accordance with--

(i) Australian Standard AS 1973-1976 Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger Car and Light Truck Tyres; or

(ii) Australian Standard AS 1973-1985 Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger and Light Truck Tyres; or

(iii) Australian Standard AS 1973-1993 Pneumatic Tyres--Passenger Car, Light Truck and Truck/Bus--Retreading and Repair Processes.

(2) A tyre that is retreaded after the commencement of this section must not be used on a vehicle if--

(a) Australian Standard AS 1973-1993 Pneumatic Tyres--Passenger Car, Light Truck and Truck/Bus--Retreading and Repair Processes applies to the tyre; and

(b) the tyre was not retreaded in accordance with the standard.

(1) A tyre fitted to a vehicle must not have cleats or other gripping devices that could damage road surfaces.

(2) A tyre fitted to the vehicle must have a tread pattern at least 1.5mm deep, other than at tread wear indicators, in a band that runs continuously--

(a) across--

(i) for a vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t--at least 75% of the tyre width that normally comes into contact with the road; or

(ii) for another vehicle--the tyre width that normally comes into contact with the road; and

(b) around the whole circumference of the tyre.

(3) A vehicle must not be fitted with a tyre that has been treated by recutting or regrooving the tread rubber, unless the tyre was--

(a) constructed with an extra thickness of rubber designed for recutting or regrooving; and

(b) labelled to indicate the construction.

(1) Tyres and rims fitted to a motor vehicle that is a car, car derivative or off-road passenger vehicle need not comply with section 7(1) or 8(1) if--

(a) the combination of tyre and rim--

(i) has a diameter that is--

(A) not more than 15mm more than the diameter specified by the vehicle's manufacturer; or

(B) not more than 26mm less than the diameter specified by the vehicle's manufacturer; and

(ii) accords with the specifications contained in--

(A) if the vehicle was manufactured before 1 January 1974--1 of the following manuals--

• the Tyre and Rim Standards Manual of the Tyre and Rim Association of Australia

• the 1981 Tire and Rim Association Inc. Year Book

• the British Standard, BS AU 50

• the Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association

• the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS-D4202) and (JIS-D4218)

• the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation Practices (E.T.R.T.O.)

• the Deutsche Industrie Norm (DIN) 7818

• the Deutsche Industrie Norm (DIN) 7817; or

(B) if the vehicle was manufactured on or after 1 January 1974--Table 2 of ADR 23; and

(b) the maximum tyre width is--

(i) for a car or car derivative--not more than 1.3 times the width of the vehicle manufacturer's widest optional tyre; or

(ii) for an off-road passenger vehicle fitted with front and rear beam axles--not more than 1.5 times the width of the vehicle manufacturer's widest optional tyre; and

(c) the minimum tyre width is 70% of the width of the widest tyre fitted to the vehicle but not less than the vehicle manufacturer's narrowest optional tyre.

(2) A motor vehicle that is a car, car derivative or off-road passenger vehicle using car tyres must not be fitted with--

(a) any combination of tyre and rim which, when fitted to the vehicle, fouls the wheel housing or running gear under any condition; or

(b) any wheel in which--

(i) there is a circumferential weld other than a weld attaching the rim to the wheel centre; or

(ii) the diameter, width or offset of its rim differs from the rim of another wheel on the same axle; or

(iii) the wheel securing stud holes are not circular; or

(iv) the pitch circle diameter of the wheel securing stud holes is different from that of the original equipment wheel studs; or

(c) any wheel which will result in the widest track specified by the vehicle manufacturer being exceeded by more than--

(i) for a car or car derivative--26mm; or

(ii) for an off-road passenger vehicle fitted with front and rear beam axles--50mm; or

(d) a wheel that will reduce the track specified for the vehicle by its manufacturer; or

(e) for a motor vehicle manufactured on or after 1 July 1985, a wheel that--

(i) is not approved as original equipment or original equipment replacement by the vehicle manufacturer; or

(ii) is not indelibly marked with the wheel's nominal diameter and width, offset, and the mark of a standard of an approved organisation in a location so that they are readily visible when the wheel is correctly installed on the vehicle; or

(f) a spacer between wheel and hub additional to any provided by the vehicle manufacturer; or

(g) a wheel nut which does not engage the thread of the wheel stud for at least the same length as the wheel nut provided by the vehicle manufacturer or a wheel nut that does not match the taper on the wheel stud hole; or

(h) any eccentric wheel stud or eccentric wheel nut.

(3) In subsection (2)(e)(ii)--

approved organisation means any of the following--

• Wheel Industries Association (Australia)

• Standards Australia

• Technischer Uberwachungen, Verein

• Japanese Industrial Standards.

(1) The handlebars on a motorbike must extend at least 250mm, but not over 450mm, on each side of the longitudinal axis of the motorbike.

(2) In taking a measurement for subsection (1), mirrors and lights mounted on the handlebars of the motorbike are to be disregarded.

(3) The lowest part of the hand grip on the handle bars must not be higher than 380mm above the attachment point of the handlebars to the motorbike.

(4) Hand grips on the handle bars must be fitted symmetrically.

(5) If a motorbike has the head stem as the steering pivot point, the horizontal distance from the midpoint between the head stem bearings to the centre of the front wheel must not be over 550mm.

A motorbike must be fitted with foot rests for the driver, and for any passenger for whom a seating position is provided.

(1) If the engine power of a motorbike is transmitted to the rear wheel by a chain, the driver and any passenger must be protected from the front sprocket and at least the upper part of the chain by--

(a) the frame or equipment of the motorbike; or

(b) a chain guard.

(2) A chain guard must cover the chain to a point--

(a) at least 300mm to the rear of the rearmost foot rest; or

(b) above the centre of the rear drive sprocket.

(1) The engine of a motor vehicle must have an individual engine identification number clearly stamped, embossed or otherwise permanently marked on it.

(2) The engine of motor vehicle built after 1930 must have the engine identification number on the engine block or main component.

(3) A vehicle must have an individual vehicle identification number clearly stamped, embossed or otherwise permanently marked on a substantial part of its frame or chassis.

(4) A vehicle or engine identification number must be located where a person can read it easily without having to use tools to remove a part of the vehicle that would otherwise obstruct the person's view.

(5) In this section--

number includes letter.

(1) This section applies to a vehicle that--

(a) is at least 2.2m wide; and

(b) has a body with a vertical measurement under 300mm at the rear, measured from the lowest point of the body above ground level to the highest point; and

(c) is not fitted with rear marking plates in accordance with section 106.

(2) For subsection (1)(a), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre inflation systems, lights, mirrors, reflectors, signalling devices and tyre pressure gauges.

(3) The vehicle must have a white or silver band at least 75mm high across the full width of the rearmost part of the body of the vehicle.

(1) The following vehicles must display road train warning signs complying with this section and section 52--

(a) a combination over 36.5m long;

(b) a road train over 30m, but not over 36.5m, long that includes 1 or more dog trailers.

(2) The following vehicles must display road train warning signs, or a long vehicle warning sign, complying with this section and section 52--

(a) a road train over 22m, but not over 30m, long that includes 1 or more dog trailers;

(b) a road train over 22m, but not over 36.5m, long that does not include a dog trailer.

(3) Another combination over 22m, but not over 36.5m, long must display a long vehicle warning sign complying with this section and section 52.

(4) Road train warning signs must be used in pairs and fitted horizontally, one at the front and the other at the rear of the combination.

(5) A long vehicle warning sign must be fitted horizontally at the rear of the combination.

(1) A road train warning sign must not be displayed on a vehicle unless the vehicle is part of a combination or road train mentioned in section 50(1) or (2).

(2) A long vehicle warning sign must not be displayed on a vehicle unless the vehicle is a part of a combination or road train mentioned in section 50(2) or (3).

(1) A road train or long vehicle warning sign must be manufactured in 1 or 2 parts from sheet steel 0.8mm thick or another material of at least the same stiffness, unless it is designed to be fitted to a vehicle using an adhesive.

(2) The warning sign must be at least 1.2m wide and at least 250mm high.

(3) A road train warning sign must display the words 'road train', and a long vehicle warning sign must display the words 'long vehicle', in black capital letters at least 180mm high in typeface Series B (N) that complies with Australian Standard AS 1744 Forms of Letters and Numerals for Road Signs.

(4) If the warning sign is in 2 parts, one word of the expression 'road train' or 'long vehicle' must be on one part and the other word of the expression must be on the other part.

(5) The warning sign must display the sign manufacturer's name or logo, and the brand and class of retro-reflective material used, in block letters not over 10mm high.

(6) The warning sign must have a black border.

(7) The warning sign must be coated with yellow retro-reflective material of class 1 or 2 that meets Australian Standard AS 1906 Retro-reflective Materials and Devices for Road Traffic Control Purposes.

(8) The warning sign must be fitted so--

(a) no part of the sign is--

(i) over 1.8m above ground level; or

(ii) under 500mm above ground level; and

(b) if the sign is in 2 parts, the parts are fitted at the same height above ground level.

(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t that has the centre of a steering control to the left of the centre of the vehicle.

(2) The vehicle must display the words 'left hand drive' on the rear of the vehicle.

(3) The words must be in letters at least 75mm high, and in a colour contrasting with the background to the words.

(1) A motor vehicle, other than an articulated bus, must have only--

(a) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the front of the vehicle; and

(b) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the rear of the vehicle.

(2) An articulated bus must have only--

(a) on its front section--

(i) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the front of the section; and

(ii) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the rear of the section; and

(b) on another section--1 axle group or single axle.

(3) A trailer must have only--

(a) 1 axle group or single axle; or

(b) 2 axle groups, 2 single axles, or 1 axle group and single axle, in the following configuration--

(i) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the front of the vehicle, with all the wheels on the axle group or single axle connected to the steering mechanism for that part of the trailer;

(ii) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the rear of the vehicle.

(4) A semitrailer that is extendible, or is fitted with sliding axles, must--

(a) have a securing device that--

(i) can securely fix the extendible part or sliding axles to the rest of the vehicle in any position of adjustment provided; and

(ii) is located in a position that can prevent accidental or inadvertent release, if the device is mounted on the chassis of the vehicle; and

(iii) is fitted with a visible or audible warning system to indicate to a person standing beside the vehicle that the device is not engaged; and

(iv) is fitted with a way of preventing loss of air from the air brake supply, if the device uses air from the brake system and fails in a way allowing air to escape; and

(v) is held in the applied position by direct mechanical action without the intervention of an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic device; and

(b) be built so the adjustable parts of the vehicle remain connected if the securing device fails.

(1) The axles in an axle group, other than a twinsteer axle group, fitted to a vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t must relate to each other through a load-sharing suspension system.

(2) In this section--

load-sharing suspension system means an axle group suspension system that--

(a) is built to divide the load between the tyres on the group so that no tyre carries a mass over 10% more than the mass that it would carry if the load were divided equally; and

(b) has effective damping characteristics on all axles of the group.

The requirements of this part for a light, other than a brake or direction indicator light, to be visible over a stated distance apply only at night.

A light, other than a high-beam headlight, fitted to a vehicle must be built and adjusted to provide the necessary amount of light, without dazzling the driver of another vehicle approaching, or being approached by, the vehicle.

(1) If lights are required under these standards to be fitted to a vehicle in pairs--

(a) a light must be fitted on each side of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle; and

(b) the centre of each light in a pair must be the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle; and

(c) the centre of each light in a pair must be at the same height above ground level; and

(d) each light in a pair must project approximately the same amount of light of the same colour.

(2) Subsection (1) applies to a motorbike with an attached sidecar as if the sidecar were not attached.

(1) A motor vehicle must be fitted with--

(a) if it is a moped, motorbike, or motortrike with 1 front wheel--1 low-beam headlight; or

(b) if it has 4 or more wheels or is a motortrike, other than a moped, with 2 front wheels--a pair of low-beam headlights.

(2) If a motor vehicle built after 1934 can travel at over 60km/h--

(a) each low-beam headlight mentioned in subsection (1) must be able to work in the high-beam position; or

(b) the vehicle must be fitted with--

(i) 1 headlight that can work in the high-beam position if the vehicle is required to have 1 low-beam headlight; or

(ii) a pair of headlights that can work in the high-beam position.

(3) A motorbike may be equipped with a headlight modulation system that--

(a) varies the brightness of its high-beam headlight or low-beam headlight, but not both, at a rate of at least 200 and at most 280 flashes a minute; and

(b) is designed to operate only in the daylight.

(4) Additional headlights may be fitted to--

(a) a motorbike or motortrike; or

(b) a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that was built before 1970.

(5) Additional pairs of headlights may be fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that was built after 1969.

(1) The centres of low-beam headlights fitted as a pair on a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels must be at least 600mm apart.

(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a motor vehicle built before 1970 if the centres of its low-beam headlights--

(a) were under 600mm apart when the vehicle was built; and

(b) are not nearer than they were when the vehicle was built.

(3) Each low-beam headlight of a pair on a motortrike, other than a moped, with 2 front wheels must not be over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(4) The centre of a low-beam headlight fitted to a motor vehicle built after June 1953 must be--

(a) at least 500mm above ground level; and

(b) not over 1.4m above ground level.

(1) A motorbike or motortrike with a single headlight fitted must have the light fitted in the centre.

(2) Subsection (1) applies to a motorbike with an attached sidecar as if the sidecar were not attached.

If 2 or more additional headlights are fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, the additional headlights must as far as possible be fitted in pairs.

(1) When on, a headlight, or additional headlight, fitted to a motor vehicle must--

(a) show only white light; and

(b) project its main beam of light ahead of the vehicle.

(2) Headlights must be fitted to a motor vehicle so their light does not reflect off the vehicle into the driver's eyes.

(1) This section applies to a headlight that is on at night.

(2) A low-beam headlight must illuminate the road ahead of the motor vehicle for at least 25m.

(3) A high-beam headlight must illuminate the road ahead of the motor vehicle for at least 50m.

(4) However, a low-beam headlight fitted to a motor vehicle built before 1931, or a moped, need only illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle for 12m.

(1) A motor vehicle built after 1934 that can travel at over 60km/h must be fitted with--

(a) a dipping device enabling the driver in the normal driving position--

(i) to change the headlights from the high-beam position to the low-beam position; or

(ii) simultaneously to switch off a high-beam headlight and switch on a low-beam headlight; and

(b) for a motor vehicle built after June 1953, a device to indicate to the driver that the headlights are in the high-beam position.

(2) A headlight fitted to a motor vehicle that is not fitted with a dipping device mentioned in subsection (1)(a) must operate in the low-beam position.

(3) When a headlight fitted to a motor vehicle is switched to the low-beam position, any other headlight on the vehicle must operate only in the low-beam position or be off.

(1) A motor vehicle built after June 1953 must be fitted with--

(a) if it is a motortrike with 2 front wheels, other than a moped, or a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels--a pair of parking lights; or

(b) if it is a motorbike with an attached sidecar, or a motortrike with 1 front wheel, other than a moped--at least 1 parking light.

(2) A pair of parking lights fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels must be fitted with the centre of each light--

(a) at least 600mm from the centre of the other light; and

(b) not over 510mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(3) However, a pair of parking lights fitted to a motor vehicle under 1300mm wide may be fitted with the centre of each light not under 400mm from the centre of the other light.

(4) A parking light fitted to a motortrike with 2 front wheels must not be over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(5) A parking light fitted to a motorbike with a sidecar must be fitted not over 150mm from the side of the sidecar furthest from the motorbike.

(6) When on, a parking light must--

(a) show a white or yellow light visible 200m from the front of the motor vehicle; and

(b) not use over 7W.

(7) A parking light fitted to a motor vehicle built after 1969 must be wired so the parking light is on when a headlight on the vehicle is on.

(8) A parking light fitted to a sidecar attached to a motorbike must be wired to operate when a headlight, tail light or parking light on the motorbike is on.

(9) For subsection (3), the width of a motor vehicle is measured disregarding any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre inflation systems, lights, mirrors, reflectors, signalling devices and tyre pressure gauges.

(1) A pair of daytime running lights may be fitted to a motor vehicle.

(2) A pair of daytime running lights fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels must be fitted with the centre of each light--

(a) at least 600mm from the centre of the other light; and

(b) not over 510mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(3) However, a pair of daytime running lights fitted to a motor vehicle under 1300mm wide may be fitted with the centre of each light not under 400mm from the centre of the other light.

(4) When on, a daytime running light must--

(a) show a white or yellow light visible from the front of the vehicle; and

(b) not use over 25W.

(5) Daytime running lights must be wired so they are off when a headlight, other than a headlight being used as a flashing signal, is on.

(6) For subsection (3), the width of a motor vehicle is measured disregarding any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre inflation systems, lights, mirrors, reflectors, signalling devices and tyre pressure gauges.

(1) A vehicle must have at least 1 tail light fitted on or towards the rear of the vehicle.

(2) A motortrike with 2 rear wheels, or a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, built after 1959 must have at least 1 tail light fitted on or towards each side of the rear of the vehicle.

(3) A trailer built after June 1973 must have at least 1 tail light fitted on or towards each side of the rear of the vehicle.

(4) The centre of a tail light mentioned in subsection (1), (2) or (3) must not be over--

(a) 1.5m above ground level; or

(b) if it is not practicable to fit the light lower, 2.1m above ground level.

(5) A vehicle may have 1 or more additional tail lights at any height above ground level.

(1) Despite section 68, a sugar cane trailer towed at night must have 2 tail lights.

(2) Each tail light must--

(a) be attached to the rear of the trailer; and

(b) have its centre no more than 1m from the ground.

(1) If only 1 tail light is fitted to a vehicle, it must be fitted in the centre or to the right of the centre of the vehicle's rear.

(2) Subsection (1) applies to a motorbike with an attached sidecar as if the sidecar were not attached.

(3) If 2 or more tail lights are fitted to a vehicle, at least 2 must be fitted as a pair.

(4) Tail lights fitted in accordance with this division may also serve as rear clearance lights if they are fitted to a vehicle in accordance with section 76(3).

(1) When on, a tail light of a vehicle must--

(a) show a red light visible 200m from the rear of the vehicle; and

(b) not use over 7W.

(2) A tail light fitted to a street rod vehicle may incorporate a blue lens not over 20mm in diameter.

A tail light of a motor vehicle must be wired to come on, and stay on, when a parking light or headlight on the vehicle is on, unless an external switch is fitted to operate the tail light.

(1) At least 1 number plate light must be fitted to the rear of a vehicle.

(2) However, a sugar cane trailer must comply with subsection (1) only when it is towed at night.

(3) When on at night, the number plate light must illuminate a number plate on the rear of the vehicle with white light, so the characters on the number plate can be read at least 20m from the rear of the vehicle.

(4) A number plate light--

(a) may be combined with another light; and

(b) must not project white light to the rear of the vehicle other than by reflection; and

(c) must not obscure the characters on the number plate; and

(d) must be wired to come on, and stay on, when a parking light, headlight or tail light on the vehicle is on.

(1) Front clearance lights may only be fitted to a vehicle that is at least 1.8m wide.

(2) A pair of front clearance lights must be fitted to a motor vehicle that is at least 2.2m wide, or a prime mover.

(3) The centre of a front clearance light must be--

(a) not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle; and

(b) if the vehicle was built after June 1953--

(i) at least 750mm higher than the centre of any low-beam headlight fitted to the vehicle; or

(ii) not lower than the top of the windscreen.

(4) However, a front clearance light may be mounted on an external rear vision mirror or a mirror support if, when the mirror is correctly adjusted, no part of the lens of the clearance light is visible to a person in the normal driving position.

(5) When on, a front clearance light must--

(a) show a yellow or white light visible 200m from the front of the vehicle; and

(b) not use over 7W.

(1) A motor vehicle fitted with front clearance lights may also have additional forward-facing lights on or above the roof of its cabin.

(2) The additional forward-facing lights must be spaced evenly between the front clearance lights, with their centres at least 120mm apart.

(3) When on, an additional forward-facing light must--

(a) show a yellow or white light; and

(b) not use over 7W.

(1) Rear clearance lights may only be fitted to a vehicle that is at least 1.8m wide.

(2) A pair of rear clearance lights must be fitted to the rear of a vehicle that is at least 2.2m wide.

(3) The centre of a rear clearance light must be--

(a) not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle; and

(b) if practicable, at least 600mm above ground level.

(4) When on, a rear clearance light must--

(a) show a red light visible 200m from the rear of the vehicle; and

(b) not use over 7W.

(1) A pair of side marker lights must be fitted towards the rear of the sides of a motor vehicle that is over 7.5m long and at least 2.2m wide.

(2) A pole-type trailer or a motor vehicle built to tow a pole-type trailer, each with at least 1 cross-bar or bolster, must have a side marker light fitted to each side of the back or only cross-bar or bolster.

(3) A pole-type trailer with 2 or more cross-bars or bolsters may also have a side marker light fitted to each side of the front cross-bar or bolster.

(4) At least 2 side marker lights must be fitted to each side of--

(a) a trailer, other than a pole-type trailer, that is at least 2.2m wide and not over 7.5m long; and

(b) a semitrailer that is not over 7.5m long.

(5) At least 3 side marker lights must be fitted to each side of--

(a) a trailer, other than a pole-type trailer, that is at least 2.2m wide and over 7.5m long; and

(b) a semitrailer that is over 7.5m long.

(6) For subsections (1), (4) and (5), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre inflation systems, lights, mirrors, reflectors, signalling devices and tyre pressure gauges.

(1) The centre of a side marker light must not be over 150mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(2) A front side marker light fitted to a motor vehicle must be towards the front of the side of the vehicle with no part of the lens visible to the driver.

(3) The centre of a front side marker light fitted to a trailer must be--

(a) within 300mm of the front of the side of the trailer; or

(b) if the construction of the trailer makes it impracticable to comply with paragraph (a)--as near as practicable to the front of the trailer.

(4) The centre of a rear side marker light fitted to a vehicle must be--

(a) within 300mm of the rear of the side of the vehicle; or

(b) if the construction of the vehicle makes it impracticable to comply with paragraph (a)--as near as practicable to the rear of the vehicle.

(5) Side marker lights fitted to a vehicle must, as far as practicable, be evenly spaced along the side of the vehicle.

(6) Subsections (2) to (5) do not apply to side marker lights fitted to a cross-bar or bolster of a pole-type trailer.

(7) Only the side marker lights nearest to the rear need be fitted if complying with subsections (3) and (4) would result in the front and rear side marker lights being under 2.5m apart.

(8) A side marker light fitted to a vehicle must be fitted so--

(a) its centre is not over--

(i) 1.5m above ground level; or

(ii) if it is not practicable to fit it lower--2.1m above ground level; and

(b) its centre is at least 600mm above ground level; and

(c) it is, as far as practicable, in a row of side marker lights along the side of the vehicle.

(9) Subsection (8)(a) does not apply to a side marker light that is not required to be fitted to the vehicle by section 77.

(1) When on, a side marker light fitted to a vehicle must--

(a) show a light visible 200m from the vehicle; and

(b) not use over 7W.

(2) When on, a side marker light fitted to a vehicle must show--

(a) to the front of the vehicle--a yellow light; and

(b) to the rear of the vehicle--

(i) if the light also operates as a rear light or reflector--a red light; and

(ii) in any other case--a red or yellow light.

(3) However, if a pole-type trailer with 2 or more cross-bars or bolsters has the side marker lights permitted by section 77(3)--

(a) the side marker lights fitted to the front cross-bar or bolster may comply with subsection (2)(a) only; and

(b) the side marker lights fitted to the back cross-bar or bolster may comply with subsection (2)(b) only.

The side marker light nearest to the rear of a vehicle may also be a rear clearance light for section 76.

(1) A brake light must be fitted to the rear of a vehicle, other than a sugar cane trailer, built after 1934.

(2) A pair of brake lights must be fitted to the rear of--

(a) a motor vehicle built after 1959 that has 4 or more wheels; and

(b) a motortrike built after 1959 that has 2 rear wheels; and

(c) a trailer, other than a sugar cane trailer, built after June 1973.

(3) The centre of a brake light must be--

(a) at least 350mm above ground level; and

(b) not over--

(i) 1.5m above ground level; or

(ii) if it is not practicable to fit the light lower--2.1m above ground level.

(4) A vehicle may be fitted with 1 or more additional brake lights.

(5) The centre of an additional brake light must be at least 350mm above ground level.

(6) If only 1 brake light is fitted to a vehicle, it must be fitted in the centre or to the right of the centre of the vehicle's rear.

(7) Subsection (6) applies to a motorbike with an attached sidecar as if the sidecar were not attached.

(1) A sugar cane trailer must have 2 brake lights at the rear of the trailer.

(2) The lights must both be positioned at the same distance from the ground no less than 350mm, and no more than 1.5m, above ground level.

(3) One must be positioned no more than 400mm from the left side of the trailer and the other light the same distance from the right side of the trailer.

(1) When on, a brake light must show a red light visible 30m from the rear of the vehicle.

(2) A brake light fitted to a street rod vehicle may incorporate a blue lens not over 20mm in diameter.

(3) A brake light fitted to a motor vehicle must come on, if it is not already on, when--

(a) for a vehicle with 4 or more wheels or built after 1974--a service brake is applied; or

(b) for another vehicle--the rear wheel brake is applied.

(4) Subsection (3) does not apply if the controls in the vehicle that start the engine are in a position that makes it impossible for the engine to operate.

(5) A brake light on a trailer must come on when--

(a) the brake light of the towing vehicle comes on; or

(b) a brake control on the towing vehicle, that independently activates the service brake on the trailer, is operated.

(6) A brake light may be operated by an engine brake, retarder, or similar device if the device does not interfere with the proper operation of the brake light.

(1) One or more reversing lights may be fitted to the rear of a vehicle and on each side towards the rear of the vehicle.

(2) A reversing light must have its centre not over 1.2m above ground level.

(3) When on, a reversing light must show a white or yellow light to the rear or to the side and rear of the vehicle.

(4) A reversing light fitted to a motor vehicle must be wired so it operates only when the vehicle is reversing or in reverse gear.

(5) A reversing light fitted to a trailer must be wired so it operates only when a motor vehicle towing the trailer is reversing or in reverse gear.

(6) A yellow reversing light may also operate as a direction indicator light.

(1) A motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that was built after August 1966 must have--

(a) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its front that face forwards; and

(b) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear that face backwards.

(2) A motor vehicle with less than 4 wheels that was built after June 1975 must have--

(a) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its front that face forwards; and

(b) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear that face backwards.

(3) A motor vehicle that is not required to have direction indicator lights may have--

(a) 1 or more pairs of direction indicator lights that are visible from both the front and rear of the vehicle; or

(b) both--

(i) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its front that face forwards; and

(ii) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear that face backwards.

(1) A trailer built after June 1973 must have a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear that face backwards.

(2) A trailer that is not required to have direction indicator lights may have 1 or more pairs of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear that face backwards.

(1) A pair of direction indicator lights fitted to a vehicle must have the centre of each light at least--

(a) for a motorbike or the single wheel end of a motortrike--300mm from the centre of the other light; and

(b) for lights fitted at the 2 wheel end of a motortrike--600mm from the centre of the other light, unless the centre of each direction indicator light is not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle; and

(c) for another vehicle with a width of not over 1300mm--400mm from the centre of the other light; and

(d) for another vehicle with a width of over 1300mm--600mm from the centre of the other light.

(2) The centre of each direction indicator light must be at least 350mm above ground level.

(3) The centre of each light in a pair of direction indicator lights required to be fitted to a vehicle must not be over--

(a) 1.5m above ground level; or

(b) if it is not practicable for the light to be fitted lower--2.1m above ground level.

(4) For subsection (1), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre inflation systems, lights, mirrors, reflectors, signalling devices and tyre pressure gauges.

(1) A direction indicator light fitted to a motor vehicle must--

(a) when operating, display regular flashes of light at a rate of not over 120, and--

(i) for a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels--at least 60 flashes a minute; and

(ii) for another motor vehicle--at least 45 flashes a minute; and

(b) be able to be operated from the normal driving position by the driver; and

(c) be wired to an audible or visible device in the vehicle that tells the driver that the direction indicator light is operating; and

(d) flash at the same time and rate as any other direction indicator lights fitted on the same side of the vehicle.

(2) A direction indicator light fitted to a side of a trailer must, when operating, flash at the same time and rate as the direction indicator light or lights fitted to the same side of the motor vehicle towing the trailer.

(3) The flashes of light displayed by a direction indicator light must be--

(a) if the light faces forwards--white or yellow; and

(b) if the light faces backwards--

(i) yellow; or

(ii) if a vehicle was built before July 1973--yellow or red; and

(c) if the light faces out from the side of the vehicle--

(i) white or yellow towards the front and side; and

(ii) if a vehicle was built before July 1973--yellow or red towards the rear and side; and

(iii) if a vehicle was built after June 1973--yellow towards the rear and side.

(4) If a motor vehicle's direction indicator lights display only yellow light, the vehicle may be equipped to allow the lights to operate simultaneously on both sides of the vehicle, if a visible or audible signal tells the driver when the lights are operating simultaneously.

(5) When on, a direction indicator light must be visible 30m from--

(a) if the light faces forwards--the front of the vehicle; or

(b) if the light faces backwards--the rear of the vehicle; or

(c) if the light faces out from the side of the vehicle--that side of the vehicle.

(6) When on, each direction indicator light in at least 1 pair of lights fitted on or towards the front of a prime mover, or a motor vehicle over 7.5m long, must be visible at a point--

(a) 1.5m at right angles from the side of the vehicle where the light is fitted; and

(b) in line with the rear of the vehicle.

(1) A pair of front fog lights may be fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels.

(2) A pair of front fog lights, or a single front fog light, may be fitted to a motorbike or motortrike.

(3) A pair of front fog lights fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels must have the centre of each light not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle unless the centres of the lights are at least 600mm apart.

(4) If the top of the front fog light is higher than the top of any low-beam headlight on the vehicle, the centre of the fog light must not be higher than the centre of the low-beam headlight.

(5) A front fog light must--

(a) when on--

(i) project white or yellow light in front of the vehicle; and

(ii) be a low-beam light; and

(b) be able to be operated independently of any headlight; and

(c) be fitted so the light from it does not reflect off the vehicle into the driver's eyes.

(1) A vehicle may have fitted to its rear--

(a) a pair of rear fog lights; or

(b) 1 rear fog light fitted on, or to the right, of the centre of the vehicle.

(2) Subsection (1)(b) applies to a motorbike with an attached sidecar as if the sidecar were not attached.

(3) A rear fog light must--

(a) have its centre--

(i) not over 1.5m above ground level; and

(ii) at least 100mm from the centre of a brake light; and

(b) when on, project red light behind the vehicle; and

(c) not use over 27W; and

(d) be wired to a visible device in the vehicle that tells the driver that the rear fog light is operating.

A vehicle may be fitted with interior lights that illuminate any interior part of the vehicle.

(1) A reflector fitted to a vehicle must show a red, yellow or white reflection of light when light is projected directly onto the reflector at night by a low-beam headlight that--

(a) is 45m from the reflector; and

(b) complies with these standards.

(2) The reflection must be clearly visible from the position of the headlight.

(1) A motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, and a trailer, must have a rear-facing red reflector towards each side of its rear.

(2) However, a sugar cane trailer need not comply with subsection (1) if is not towed at night.

(3) A motorbike, a sidecar attached to a motorbike, and a motortrike, must have a rear-facing red reflector.

(4) The centre of each reflector must be--

(a) at the same height above ground level; and

(b) not over 1.5m above ground level.

(5) However, subsection (4) does not apply to a reflector fitted to a sidecar attached to a motorbike.

(6) A reflector fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, or a trailer, must not be over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(7) A vehicle fitted with rear-facing red reflectors in accordance with subsection (1) or (3) may be fitted with additional red reflectors at any height above ground level or at any distance from the side of the vehicle.

(1) Yellow or red side-facing reflectors must be fitted to the pole of a pole-type trailer so that--

(a) 1 reflector is fitted to the middle third of the left and right faces of the pole; and

(b) the front reflector is not over 3m from the front of the trailer; and

(c) the other reflectors are not over 3m apart.

(2) Additional side-facing reflectors may be fitted to a pole-type trailer in accordance with section 95.

(1) A vehicle may be fitted with side-facing reflectors.

(2) A side-facing reflector--

(a) towards the front of the vehicle must be yellow or white; and

(b) towards the rear of the vehicle must be yellow or red; and

(c) on the central part of the vehicle must be yellow.

(1) A front-facing white or yellow reflector must be fitted towards each side of the front of either the following trailers, other than a sugar cane trailer--

(a) a semitrailer, other than a pole-type trailer;

(b) a trailer that is at least 2.2m wide.

(2) A front-facing white or yellow reflector must be fitted towards the front of the front cross-bar or bolster of a pole-type trailer.

(3) Each reflector must have its centre--

(a) at the same height above ground level; and

(b) not over 1.5m above ground level; and

(c) not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(4) Additional front-facing reflectors may be fitted to a trailer mentioned in subsection (1) in accordance with section 95.

(1) One white reflector must be fitted to each side of a sugar cane trailer, that is at least 2.2m wide, when it is towed at night.

(2) Each reflector must have its centre--

(a) at least 350mm, but no more than 900mm, above ground level; and

(b) not over 150mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.

(1) A motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, or a trailer, may have 1 or more front-facing white or yellow reflectors fitted towards each side of its front.

(2) A motor vehicle with less than 4 wheels may have 1 or more front-facing white or yellow reflectors.

(3) The centre of at least 1 reflector on each side of the front of the vehicle must be--

(a) at the same height above ground level as the centre of the other reflector; and

(b) the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as the centre of the other reflector; and

(c) at least--

(i) if a vehicle has a width under 1.3m--400mm from the centre of the other reflector; or

(ii) if a vehicle has a width of 1.3m or over--600mm from the centre of the other reflector.

(4) For subsection (3)(c), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre inflation systems, lights, mirrors, reflectors, signalling devices and tyre pressure gauges.

(1) Despite any requirement of a third edition ADR--

(a) an exempt vehicle may be fitted with any light or reflector; and

(b) a special use vehicle may be fitted with 1 or more flashing yellow lights; and

(c) a sugar cane trailer or a vehicle towing it may be fitted with 1 or more flashing yellow or green lights.

(2) A vehicle, other than a police vehicle, must not be fitted with a blue light except with the written permission of the commissioner.

(3) A vehicle may be fitted with any light or reflector not mentioned in these standards.

(4) A vehicle, other than an exempt vehicle, a special use vehicle or a sugar cane trailer or a vehicle towing it must not be fitted with a light that flashes.

(5) A vehicle, other than an exempt vehicle, must not be fitted with a light or reflector that--

(a) shows a red light to the front; or

(b) shows a white light to the rear; or

(c) is shaped or located in a way that reduces the effectiveness of a light or reflector that is required to be fitted to the vehicle under these standards.

(6) In this section--

exempt vehicle means any of the following vehicles--

(a) a police vehicle;

(b) an emergency vehicle;

(c) a transport enforcement vehicle;

(d) an Australian Protective Service vehicle;

(e) an Australian Customs Service vehicle;

(f) an Airservices Australia vehicle.

special use vehicle means any of the following vehicles--

(a) a vehicle built or fitted for use in hazardous situations on a road;

(b) a vehicle, or combination, that because of its dimensions is permitted to be driven on a road only in accordance with a guideline or permit issued under the Act;

(c) a vehicle built or fitted to accompany a vehicle, or combination, mentioned in paragraph (b);

(d) a vehicle, whether or not a school bus, fitted with warning lights and warning signs under the Transport Operations (Passenger Transport) Standard 2000, schedule 1, section 19 or 25(1).

(1) This section applies if a vehicle is towing a sugar cane trailer.

(2) The vehicle or trailer must be fitted with--

(a) at least 1 lit flashing yellow light more than 1m above its direction indicators; or

(b) if the flashing light can not be conveniently attached as required by paragraph (a)--at least 1 lit flashing green light within 1m of its direction indicators.

(3) When it is on, the light must be visible, in direct sunlight, for at least 200m from the vehicle.

(1) Rear marking plates must be fitted to--

(a) a motor vehicle with a GVM over 12t, other than a bus fitted with hand grips or similar equipment for standing passengers to hold; and

(b) a trailer with a GTM over 10t.

(2) Subsection (1) applies to a vehicle even if it was built before the date stated in the ADR.

(3) Rear marking plates may be fitted to a motor vehicle with a GVM not over 12t or a trailer with a GTM not over 10t.

(4) In this section--

rear marking plate means a rear marking plate complying with rule 13.6.101 of third edition ADR 13.

(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle if--

(a) the vehicle is not fitted with a brake light or direction indicator light mentioned in division 9 or 11; and

(b) the construction of the vehicle would otherwise prevent the driver from hand signalling an intention--

(i) to turn or move the vehicle to the right; or

(ii) to stop or suddenly reduce the speed of the vehicle.

(2) The vehicle must be fitted with--

(a) a mechanical signalling device complying with section 108; or

(b) a pair of turn signals complying with section 109.

(1) A mechanical signalling device must--

(a) be fitted to the right side of the vehicle; and

(b) be able to be operated by the driver from a normal driving position; and

(c) consist of a white or yellow representation of an open human hand at least 15cm long; and

(d) be constructed so that the driver of the vehicle can keep the device--

(i) in a neutral position so that it is unlikely that the driver of another vehicle or anyone else would regard it as a signal; and

(ii) in a horizontal position with the palm of the hand facing forwards and the fingers pointing out at a right angle to the vehicle to signal an intention to turn or move right; and

(iii) with the palm of the hand facing forwards and the fingers pointing upwards to signal an intention to stop or reduce speed suddenly.

(2) When the mechanical signalling device is in a position mentioned in subsection (1)(d)(ii) or (iii), the complete hand must be clearly visible from both the front and the rear of the vehicle, at a distance of 30m.

A turn signal must--

(a) consist of a steady or flashing illuminated yellow sign at least 15cm long and 25mm wide that--

(i) when in operation--is kept horizontal; and

(ii) when not in operation--is kept in a position so it is unlikely that the driver of another vehicle or anyone else would regard it as a signal; and

(b) be fitted to the side of the vehicle at least 50cm and not over 2.1m above ground level, in a position so that the driver of the vehicle, from the normal driving position, can see whether the signal is in operation; and

(c) be able to be operated by the driver from the normal driving position; and

(d) when in operation, be visible from both the front and rear of the vehicle at a distance of 30m.

This part does not apply to a vehicle built before 1931 that is used only in the daylight.

This part does not apply to a vehicle built before 1946 that is used mainly for exhibition purposes.

(1) A brake tube or hose fitted to a vehicle must--

(a) be manufactured from a material appropriate to its intended use in the vehicle; and

(b) be long enough to allow for the full range of steering and suspension movements of the vehicle; and

(c) be fitted to prevent it being damaged during the operation of the vehicle by--

(i) a source of heat; or

(ii) any movement of the parts to which it is attached or near.

(2) Each component of the braking system of a vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t must comply with the design and performance requirements of any of the following relevant standards--

(a) an Australian or British Standard; or

(b) a standard approved by any of the following bodies--

• the American Society of Automotive Engineers

• the American National Standards Institute

• the Japanese Standards Association

• the Deutsches Institut für Normung

• the International Organisation for Standardisation.

The braking system of a vehicle must allow for adjustment to take account of normal wear in the braking system.

(1) If air brakes are fitted to a vehicle--

(a) the compressor supplying air to the brakes must be able to build up air pressure to at least 80% of the governor cut-out pressure in not over 5 minutes after the compressed air reserve is fully used up; and

(b) if the vehicle has a GVM over 4.5t--the air storage tanks must have sufficient capacity to allow 5 applications of the service brakes before the air pressure drops below half the governor cut-out pressure; and

(c) there must be an automatic or manual condensate drain valve at the lowest point of each air brake reservoir in the system; and

(d) any spring brake fitted to the vehicle must not operate before the warning mentioned in section 118(4)(a) or 121(3)(a) has been given.

(2) If vacuum brakes are fitted to a vehicle, the vacuum supply must be able to build up vacuum--

(a) to the level when the warning signal mentioned in section 118(4)(a) or 121(3)(a) no longer operates within 30 seconds after the vacuum reserve is fully used up; and

(b) to the normal working level within 60 seconds after the vacuum reserve is fully used up.

(1) One sustained application of the brake of a motor vehicle built after 1930, or a combination that includes a motor vehicle built after 1930, must be able to produce the performance mentioned in subsections (2) to (7)--

(a) when the vehicle or combination is on a dry, smooth, level road surface, free from loose material; and

(b) whether or not the vehicle or combination is loaded; and

(c) without part of the vehicle or combination moving outside a straight path--

(i) centred on the longitudinal axis of the vehicle or combination before the brake was applied; and

(ii) 3.7m wide.

(2) The braking system of a motor vehicle or combination with a gross mass under 2.5t must bring the vehicle or combination from a speed of 35km/h to a stop within--

(a) 12.5m when the service brake is applied; and

(b) 30m when the emergency brake is applied.

(3) The braking system of a motor vehicle or combination with a gross mass of at least 2.5t must bring the vehicle or combination from a speed of 35km/h to a stop within--

(a) 16.5m when the service brake is applied; and

(b) 40.5m when the emergency brake is applied.

(4) The braking system of a motor vehicle or combination with a gross mass under 2.5t must decelerate the vehicle or combination, from any speed at which the vehicle or combination can travel, by an average of at least--

(a) 3.8m a second a second when the service brake is applied; and

(b) 1.6m a second a second when the emergency brake is applied.

(5) The braking system of a motor vehicle or combination with a gross mass of at least 2.5t must decelerate the vehicle or combination, from any speed at which the vehicle or combination can travel, by an average of at least--

(a) 2.8m a second a second when the service brake is applied; and

(b) 1.1m a second a second when the emergency brake is applied.

(6) The braking system of a motor vehicle or combination with a gross mass under 2.5t must achieve a peak deceleration of the vehicle or combination, from any speed at which the vehicle or combination can travel, of at least--

(a) 5.8m a second a second when the service brake is applied; and

(b) 1.9m a second a second when the emergency brake is applied.

(7) The braking system of a motor vehicle or combination with a gross mass of at least 2.5t must achieve a peak deceleration of the vehicle or combination, from any speed at which the vehicle or combination can travel, of at least--

(a) 4.4m a second a second when the service brake is applied; and

(b) 1.5m a second a second when the emergency brake is applied.

(8) The parking brake of a vehicle or combination must be able to hold the vehicle or combination stationary on a 12% gradient.

(1) A motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels built, or used, mainly for transporting goods or people by road must be fitted with--

(a) a braking system that--

(i) consists of brakes fitted to all wheels of the vehicle; and

(ii) has at least 2 separate methods of activation, arranged so effective braking remains on at least 2 wheels if a method fails; or

(b) 2 independent brakes, each of which, when in operation, acts directly on at least half the number of wheels of the vehicle.

(2) The braking system of a motor vehicle mentioned in subsection (1) that was built after 1945 must have a service brake operating on all wheels that, when applied--

(a) acts directly on the wheels and not through the vehicle's transmission; or

(b) acts on a shaft between a differential of the vehicle and a wheel.

(3) The braking system of a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels must have a parking brake that--

(a) is held in the applied position by direct mechanical action without the intervention of an electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic device; and

(b) is fitted with a locking device that can hold the brake in the applied position; and

(c) has its own separate control.

(4) The parking brake may also be the emergency brake.

(5) If 2 or more independent brakes are fitted to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, the brakes must be arranged so brakes are applied to all the wheels on at least 1 axle of the vehicle when any brake is operated.

(6) A motorbike or motortrike must be fitted with--

(a) 2 independent brakes; or

(b) a single brake that acts directly on all wheels of the vehicle and is arranged so effective braking remains on at least 1 wheel if a part of the system fails.

(7) Subsection (6) applies to a motorbike with a sidecar attached as if the sidecar were not attached.

(8) A motortrike must have a parking brake that is held in the applied position by mechanical means.

(9) In this section--

independent brake, for a vehicle, means a brake that is operated entirely separately from any other brake on the vehicle, other than for any drum, disc or part, on which a shoe, band or friction pad makes contact, that is common to 2 or more brakes.

The braking system on a motor vehicle must be arranged to allow the driver of the vehicle to apply the brakes from a normal driving position.

(1) If a motor vehicle has air brakes, the braking system of the vehicle must include at least 1 air storage tank.

(2) If a motor vehicle has vacuum brakes, the braking system of the vehicle must include at least 1 vacuum storage tank.

(3) An air or vacuum storage tank must be built so the service brake can be applied to meet the performance standards of section 115 at least twice if the engine of the vehicle stops or the source of air or vacuum fails.

(4) An air or vacuum storage system must--

(a) be built to give a visible or audible warning to the driver, while in a normal driving position, of a lack of air or vacuum that would prevent the service brake from being applied to meet the performance standards of section 115 at least twice; and

(b) be safeguarded by a check valve or other device against loss of air or vacuum if the supply fails or leaks.

(5) However, subsection (4)(a) does not apply to a vehicle with a GVM of 4.5t or less that is fitted with an air or vacuum assisted braking system.

(6) If air or vacuum brakes are fitted to a motor vehicle equipped to tow a trailer, the brakes of the vehicle must be able to stop the vehicle, at the performance standards for emergency brakes under section 115 if the trailer breaks away.

(7) The braking system of a motor vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t equipped to tow a trailer fitted with air brakes must include protection against loss of supply line air or brake control signal air.

(8) The protection must, if a brake supply line hose connecting the motor vehicle and a trailer fails--

(a) operate automatically; and

(b) maintain enough air pressure to allow the brakes to be applied to meet performance standards for emergency brakes under section 115; and

(c) include a visible or audible warning to the driver of the motor vehicle.

(1) A trailer with a GTM over 750kg must have brakes that operate on at least 1 wheel at each end of 1 or more axles of the trailer.

(2) A semitrailer or converter dolly with a GTM over 2t must have brakes that operate on all its wheels.

(3) Despite subsections (1) and (2), a sugar cane trailer that--

(a) has an ATM less than 6t--requires no brakes; or

(b) has an ATM of 6t or more and no more than 12t--must have an efficient air or hydraulic braking system on at least 2 of its wheels capable of operation at the normal driving position by the driver of the vehicle towing the trailer; or

(c) has an ATM more than 12t and no more than 19t--must have an efficient air or hydraulic braking system on all its wheels capable of operation at the normal driving position by the driver of the vehicle towing the trailer.

(1) The braking system of a trailer with a GTM over 2t must allow the driver of a motor vehicle towing the trailer to operate the brakes from a normal driving position.

(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to an unloaded converter dolly that weighs under 3t if the motor vehicle towing the converter dolly has a GVM over 12t.

(3) The brakes on a trailer with a GTM over 2t, other than a sugar cane trailer, must, if the trailer breaks away from the towing vehicle--

(a) operate automatically and quickly; and

(b) remain in operation for at least 15 minutes after a break-away; and

(c) be able to hold the trailer on a 12% grade while in operation after a break-away.

(1) If a trailer has air brakes, its braking system must include at least 1 air storage tank.

(2) If a trailer has vacuum brakes, its braking system must include at least 1 vacuum storage tank.

(3) An air or vacuum storage system must--

(a) be constructed to give a visible or audible warning to the driver of the towing vehicle, while in a normal driving position, of a lack of air or vacuum that would prevent the brakes from meeting the performance standards of section 115; and

(b) be safeguarded by a check valve or other device against loss of air or vacuum if the supply fails or leaks.

(4) Subsections (1) to (3) do not apply to a trailer with a GTM of 2t or less or a sugar cane trailer.

This division does not apply to a road train, or a vehicle used in a road train, if the road train has a length of 19m or less.

(1) A prime mover used in a B-double must comply with second edition ADR 35A or third edition ADR 35.

(2) A prime mover used in a B-double must also have an anti-lock braking system complying with third edition ADR 64, if the prime mover--

(a) was built after 1989; or

(b) was first used in a B-double after 1993; or

(c) is used in a B-double that includes a road tank vehicle carrying dangerous goods.

The performance of the service, secondary and parking brake systems of a motor vehicle used in a road train must comply with second edition ADR 35A or third edition ADR 35 if the vehicle would not otherwise be required to comply with an ADR about braking.

(1) The performance of the service, secondary and parking brake systems of a trailer used in a B-double or road train must comply with second edition ADR 38 or third edition ADR 38 if the trailer would not otherwise be required to comply with an ADR about braking.

(2) A road train trailer to which subsection (1) applies need not be fitted with a mechanical parking brake if it carries wheel chocks that provide a performance equal to the performance standard required for a parking brake system.

(3) A semitrailer, regardless of when it was built, must have an anti-lock braking system that complies with third edition ADR 38/01, if--

(a) it is being used in a B-double that includes a road tank vehicle, whether or not the semitrailer is itself a road tank vehicle; and

(b) the road tank vehicle is carrying dangerous goods.

(1) If a B-double or road train is fitted with brakes that operate using compressed air, the braking system of the motor vehicle must comply with subsections (2) and (3) when--

(a) the pressure is measured in an 800mL vessel connected by a 2m pipe with a bore of approximately 13mm to the coupling head of the braking system; and

(b) the air pressure before the brakes are applied is not more than--

(i) the average of the maximum and minimum pressures in the operating pressure range specified by the vehicle's manufacturer; or

(ii) if there is no manufacturer's specification--650kPa.

(2) The pressure must reach at least 420kPa within 400ms after the rapid and complete application of the foot-operated brake control.

(3) After the brakes have been fully applied, the pressure must fall, within 0.5s after the release of the foot-operated brake control, to 35kPa.

(1) The pressure in the least favoured chamber of the braking system of a B-double or road train with brakes that operate using compressed air must comply with subsections (2) and (3) when the air pressure before the brakes are applied is not more than--

(a) the average of the maximum and minimum pressures in the operating pressure range specified by the vehicle's manufacturer; or

(b) if there is no manufacturer's specification--650kPa.

(2) The pressure must reach at least 420kPa within--

(a) for a B-double--1s after the rapid and complete application of the foot-operated brake control; or

(b) for a road train--1.5s after the rapid and complete application of the foot-operated brake control.

(3) After the brakes have been fully applied, the pressure must fall to 35kPa, or the pressure at which the friction surfaces cease to contact each other, within--

(a) for a B-double--1s after the release of the foot-operated brake control; or

(b) for a road train--1.5s after the release of the foot-operated brake control.

(4) In this section--

least favoured chamber means the brake chamber with the longest line to the treadle valve in the prime mover.

The air pressure in each air brake reservoir in a B-double or road train must recover to at least 420kPa within 1 min after 3 full brake applications have been made within a 10s period if, before the 3 brake applications have been made--

(a) the engine is running at maximum speed; and

(b) the governor cut-in pressure is no higher than--

(i) the pressure specified by the vehicle's manufacturer; or

(ii) if there is no manufacturer's specification--550kPa; and

(c) the air pressure in the storage tanks of the vehicle is not more than--

(i) the average of the maximum and minimum pressures in the operating pressure range specified by the vehicle's manufacturer; or

(ii) if there is no manufacturer's specification--650kPa.

A B-double or road train that uses compressed air to operate accessories must have--

(a) sufficient air compressor capacity and air receiver volume to ensure that the operation of the accessories does not adversely affect brake performance; and

(b) a compressed air system built to ensure that the brake system is preferentially charged.

(1) Brake line couplings on the same part of a vehicle in a B-double or road train must not be interchangeable.

(2) The couplings must be polarised in accordance with Australian Standard AS D8-1971 Hose Couplings for Use with Vacuum and Air-Pressure Braking Systems on Prime Movers, Trailers and Semi-trailers if the hoses used with the brake couplings are used for the same purpose as the hoses mentioned in the standard.

(1) If the parking brake of a motor vehicle in a B-double or road train is applied, the parking brakes of any attached trailer must be applied automatically.

(2) This section does not apply to a trailer carrying wheel chocks complying with section 125(2).

(1) The capacity of the air storage tanks of a motor vehicle used in a B-double or road train must be at least 12 times the volume of all the brake activation chambers on the motor vehicle.

(2) The capacity of the air storage tanks of a trailer used in a B-double or road train must be at least 8 times the volume of all the brake activation chambers on the trailer.

(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that is powered by a petrol engine and was built after 1971.

(2) The vehicle must be built to prevent, or fitted with equipment that prevents, crank case gases from escaping to the atmosphere.

(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle that is propelled by an internal combustion engine and was built after 1930.

(2) The vehicle must not emit visible emissions for a continuous period of 10s or more.

(3) However, this section does not apply to emissions that are visible only because of heat or the condensation of water vapour.

(1) The outlet of the exhaust system fitted to a motor vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t, other than a bus or minibus, must extend--

(a) behind the back seat; and

(b) at least 40mm beyond the outermost joint of the floorpan that is not continuously welded or permanently sealed; and

(c) to the edge of the vehicle, if--

(i) the body of the vehicle is permanently enclosed; and

(ii) the vehicle is not fitted with a vertical exhaust system; and

(d) no further than the edge of the vehicle at its widest point.

(2) The outlet must discharge the main exhaust flow to the air--

(a) if the vehicle is fitted with an exhaust system with a vertical outlet pipe--

(i) at an angle above the horizontal; and

(ii) at least 150mm above the cab of the vehicle; and

(iii) towards the rear, or to the right, of the vehicle; and

(b) in any other case--

(i) horizontally or at an angle of not over 45&#deg; downwards; and

(ii) under 750mm above ground level; and

(iii) towards the rear, or to the right, of the vehicle.

(3) An exposed section of a vertical exhaust system fitted to a motor vehicle, other than a bus or minibus, with a GVM over 4.5t must be positioned or shielded to prevent injury.

(4) The outlet of the exhaust system fitted to a bus or minibus with a GVM over 4.5t must--

(a) be as near as practicable to the rear of the vehicle; and

(b) extend no further than the edge of the vehicle at its widest point.

(5) An outlet mentioned in subsection (4) must discharge the main exhaust flow to the air--

(a) if the vehicle is fitted with an exhaust system with a vertical outlet pipe--

(i) behind the passenger compartment; and

(ii) at an angle above the horizontal; and

(iii) upwards or rearwards; and

(b) in any other case--

(i) horizontally or at an angle of not over 45&#deg; downwards; and

(ii) rearwards or to the right of the vehicle.

(6) A vertical exhaust system fitted to a motor vehicle with a GVM over 4.5t must--

(a) if the vehicle is fitted with an exhaust system with a vertical outlet pipe that does not direct the main exhaust flow straight up--direct the flow rearwards at an angle within 0&#deg; to 45&#deg; of the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle; and

(b) if a rain cap is fitted to the outlet pipe--be installed so the hinge of the cap is at an angle of 90&#deg; (plus or minus 10&#deg;) to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle when viewed from above.

(1) For this regulation, the stationary noise level of a motor vehicle must be measured--

(a) in accordance with the procedure set out for the kind of vehicle in the document entitled 'National Stationary Exhaust Noise Test Procedures for In-Service Motor Vehicles' (the national document) published by the commission in April 2000; and

(b) by using 1 of the following instruments--

(i) an instrument mentioned in the national document;

(ii) a type 2 meter under Australian Standard AS 1259.1--1990 Acoustics--Sound level meters--Non-Integrating;

(iii) a class 1 or 2 meter under Australian Standard AS IEC 61672.1--2004 Electroacoustics--Sound level meters--Specifications.

(2) In this section--

commission means the National Road Transport Commission established by the National Road Transport Commission Act 1991 (Cwlth).

For this regulation, a vehicle is certified to ADR 83/00 if approval has been given, under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth), section 10A, to place identification plates showing compliance with ADR 83/00 on vehicles of that type.

A motor vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine must be fitted with a silencing device through which all the exhaust from the engine passes.

This subdivision applies to a motor vehicle other than a vehicle certified to ADR 83/00.

The stationary noise level of a car, car derivative, motorbike or motortrike must not be more than--

(a) for a car or car derivative built after 1982--90dB(A); or

(b) for another car or car derivative--96dB(A); or

(c) for a motorbike or motortrike built after February 1985--94dB(A); or

(d) for another motorbike or motortrike--100dB(A).

(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle, other than a motor vehicle to which section 136D applies, with a spark ignition engine.

(2) The stationary noise level of the motor vehicle must not be more than the noise level applying to the vehicle under the following table.

(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle, other than a motor vehicle to which section 136D applies, with a diesel engine.

(2) The stationary noise level of the motor vehicle must not be more than the noise level applying to the vehicle under the following table.

The stationary noise level of a motor vehicle that is certified to ADR 83/00 must not exceed, by more than 5dB(A), the noise level that is established for the motor vehicle when it is certified.

(1) A motor vehicle equipped to run on LPG must comply with the requirements for the use of LPG in vehicles in--

(a) Australian Standard AS 1425 in force at the commencement of this section; or

(b) if an earlier version of the standard was current when the vehicle was first equipped to run on LPG--that version.

(2) A vehicle equipped to run on LPG must have fitted conspicuously to the front and rear number plates a label that is--

(a) made of durable material; and

(b) at least 25mm wide and 25mm high; and

(c) reflective red conforming to Australian Standard AS 1742-1975 Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Appendix C, Class 2; and

(d) marked 'LPGAS' or 'LPG', or with words or acronyms to similar effect, in capital letters at least 6mm high.

(1) A bus with a GVM over 14.5t that was built after 1987 must comply with third edition ADR 65.

(2) A prime mover with a GVM over 15t that was built after 1987 must comply with third edition ADR 65.

(3) For third edition ADR 65, the maximum road speed capability of a motor vehicle used in a road train is 100km/h.

Note--

See, however, the Queensland Road Rules, section 24A, for the speed limit applying to a driver driving a road train.

Section 138 does not apply to--

(a) an emergency vehicle or police vehicle; or

(b) a bus fitted with hand grips or similar equipment for standing passengers to hold; or

(c) a 2-axle prime mover if--

(i) it was built after 1987 but before July 1991; and

(ii) its owner is a person who uses it for agriculture, horticulture, or other primary production activities, other than forestry, fishing and mining.

(1) A fifth wheel coupling, the mating parts of a coupling, a kingpin or a towbar must not be used for a load more than the manufacturer's load rating.

(2) A kingpin must be used only with a fifth wheel coupling that has a corresponding jaw size.

Example for subsection (2)--

An adaptor must not be used to fit a kingpin to a fifth wheel coupling.

(3) The mating parts of a coupling used to connect a semitrailer to a towing vehicle must not allow the semitrailer to roll to an extent that makes the towing vehicle unstable.

(1) A coupling for attaching a trailer, other than a semitrailer or pole-type trailer, to a towing vehicle must be built and fitted so that--

(a) the coupling is equipped with a positive locking mechanism; and

(b) the positive locking mechanism can be released regardless of the angle of the trailer to the towing vehicle.

(2) If the trailer is in a combination and is not fitted with breakaway brakes in accordance with section 120(3), it must be connected to the towing vehicle by at least 1 chain, cable or other flexible device (the connection), as well as the coupling required by subsection (1).

(3) The connection must be built and fitted so that--

(a) if the coupling breaks or accidentally detaches--the trailer is kept in tow; and

(b) normal angular movement of the coupling is permitted without unnecessary slack.

(4) If practicable, the connection must be built and fitted so the drawbar of the trailer is prevented from hitting the ground if the coupling accidentally detaches.

(5) However, subsection (2) does not apply to a sugar cane trailer if it is fitted with a load sharing coupling that can not be disconnected from the towing vehicle without using tools.

This division does not apply to a vehicle or a coupling, including a part of a coupling, used in a road train 19m, or less, in length.

(1) A fifth wheel coupling used to connect a towing vehicle to a semitrailer used in a B-double or road train must not be built with a pivot that allows a semitrailer to roll relative to the towing vehicle.

(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a fifth wheel coupling if--

(a) the semitrailer design requires torsional stresses to be minimised; and

(b) the roll axis of the fifth wheel coupling is above the surface of the coupler plate; and

(c) the degree of rotation allowed around the roll axis of the fifth wheel coupling is restricted to prevent roll instability.

(3) A trailer with only 1 axle group, or a single axle, other than a semitrailer or a converter dolly, that is used in a road train must not have a coupling fitted at its rear.

(1) A fifth wheel coupling used in a B-double or road train must have a D-value complying with Australian Standard AS 1773-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Fifth Wheel Assemblies.

(2) A turntable used in a B-double or road train must have a D-value conforming with Australian Standard AS 1773-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Fifth Wheel Assemblies.

(3) If a fifth wheel coupling used in a B-double or road train is built for a 50mm or 90mm kingpin, the coupling must--

(a) meet the dimension requirements in Australian Standard AS 1773-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Fifth Wheel Assemblies; and

(b) not be worn away more than recommended by the standard.

(4) If a fifth wheel coupling used in a B-double or road train is built for a 75mm kingpin, the coupling must--

(a) be compatible with the kingpin mentioned in section 148(3); and

(b) not be worn away so that it does not comply with section 145.

In testing a fifth wheel coupling built for a 75mm kingpin used in a B-double or road train to decide whether its D-value complies with section 144(1), the longitudinal movement, after readjusting the jaws of the coupling using a kingpin built to the dimensions mentioned in section 148(3)(a), must not be over 4mm.

A fifth wheel coupling must be mounted on a prime mover, or a semitrailer used in a B-double or road train, in accordance with Australian Standard AS 1771-1987 Installation of Fifth Wheel and Turntable Assemblies.

(1) A fifth wheel coupling on a vehicle built after June 1991 forming part of a B-double or road train must be clearly and permanently marked in accordance with Australian Standard AS 1773-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Fifth Wheel Assemblies with--

(a) the name or trademark of its manufacturer; and

(b) its D-value rating; and

(c) its nominal size.

(2) A turntable used in a vehicle built after the commencement of this section that forms part of a B-double or road train must be clearly and permanently marked with--

(a) the name or trademark of the turntable's manufacturer; and

(b) the D-value rating of the turntable in accordance with Australian Standard AS 1773-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Fifth Wheel Assemblies.

(1) A kingpin used in a B-double or road train must--

(a) be a 50, 75 or 90mm kingpin; and

(b) have a D-value complying with Australian Standard AS 2175-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Kingpins.

(2) A 50 or 90mm kingpin used in a B-double or road train must--

(a) be built to meet the dimension requirements in Australian Standard AS 2175-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Kingpins; and

(b) not be worn away more than recommended by the standard.

(3) A 75mm kingpin used in a B-double or road train must--

(a) be built to meet the dimensions in the following diagram; and

(b) not be worn away more than mentioned in subsection (4).

Dimensions of a 75mm kingpin

(4) In testing a 75mm kingpin mentioned in subsection (3), to decide whether its D-value complies with subsection (1)(b)--

(a) diameter F in the diagram must not wear more than 3mm; and

(b) diameter G in the diagram must not wear more than 2mm; and

(c) height H in the diagram must not wear more than 2.3mm.

A kingpin used in a trailer that forms part of a B-double or road train must be attached in accordance with--

(a) the manufacturer's specifications and instructions; or

(b) the guidelines detailed in Australian Standard AS 2175-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Kingpins.

A kingpin used in a trailer built after June 1991 that forms part of a B-double or road train must be clearly and permanently marked on the lower circular face of the kingpin in accordance with Australian Standard AS 2175-1990 Articulated Vehicles-Kingpins with--

(a) the name or trademark of its manufacturer; and

(b) its D-value rating; and

(c) its nominal size.

A drawbar-type coupling, or drawbar eye, used in a road train must--

(a) be a 50mm pin type; and

(b) have a D-value complying with Australian Standard AS 2213-1984 50 mm Pin-Type Couplings and Drawbar Eyes for Trailers; and

(c) be built to the dimensions mentioned in the standard; and

(d) not be worn away more than is recommended in the standard.

A drawbar-type coupling, or drawbar eye, used in a road train must be built and positioned so--

(a) when the road train is moving, the drawbar can move at least 15&#deg; upwards or downwards from the position it occupies when the road train is parked on level ground; and

(b) the pivot point of the coupling is not over 300mm forward of the rear of the trailer to which it is attached; and

(c) it is at a height of at least 800mm, but not over 950mm, when the road train is unloaded and parked on level ground.

A drawbar-type coupling, or drawbar eye, used on a vehicle built after June 1991 that forms part of a road train must be clearly and permanently marked in accordance with Australian Standard AS 2213-1984 50 mm Pin-Type Couplings and Drawbar Eyes for Trailers with--

(a) the name or trademark of its manufacturer; and

(b) its D-value rating.

(1) The tow coupling overhang of a motor vehicle, other than a prime mover, used in a road train must not be more than the greater of--

(a) 30% of the distance from the centre of the front axle to the centre of the axle group or single axle at the rear of the vehicle; and

(b) 2.7m.

(2) The tow coupling overhang of a semitrailer, or a dog trailer consisting of a semitrailer and converter dolly, used in a road train must not be more than 30% of the distance from the point of articulation to the centre of the axle group or single axle at the rear of the vehicle.

(3) The tow coupling overhang of another dog trailer used in a road train must not be more than 30% of the distance from the centre of the front axle group or single axle to the centre of the axle group or single axle at the rear of the vehicle.

(4) In this section--

tow coupling overhang, of a vehicle, means the horizontal distance from the centre of the axle group, or the centre line of the single axle, at the rear of the vehicle to the pivot point of the coupling near the rear of the vehicle.

(1) For these standards, a retractable axle is taken to be an axle only when it is in the lowered position.

(2) In this section--

retractable axle means an axle with a means of adjustment enabling it to be raised or lowered relative to the other axles in the axle group.

(1) This section applies to a left-hand drive motor vehicle.

(2) In applying the vehicle standards to the vehicle, the words "left" and "right" in the following second edition ADRs have the opposite meaning--

• ADR 8 Safety Glass

• ADR 12 Glare Reduction in Field of View

• ADR 14 Rear Vision Mirrors

• ADR 16 Windscreen Wipers and Washers

• ADRs 18 and 18A Location and Visibility of Instruments

• ADRs 35 and 35A Commercial Vehicle Braking Systems.