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MIGRATION REFORM ACT 1992 No. 184, 1992 - SECT 10

MIGRATION REFORM ACT 1992 No. 184, 1992 - SECT 10

10. The headings to Division 2 of Part 2 and Subdivision A of that Division,
and sections 23 to 26, of the Principal Act are repealed and the following
headings and sections are substituted:
                   "Division 2-Visas for non-citizens


"Subdivision A-General provisions about visas Interpretation

"23. In this Division:
'specified period' includes the period until a specified date. Visas

"24.(1) Subject to this Act, the Minister may grant anon-citizen permission,
to be known as a visa, to do either or both of the following:

   (a)  travel to and enter Australia;

   (b)  remain in Australia.

"(2) Without limiting subsection (1), a visa to travel to, enter and remain in
Australia may be one to:

   (a)  enter Australia during a specified period; and

   (b)  if, and only if, the holder enters during that period, remain in
        Australia during a specified period or indefinitely.

"(3) Without limiting subsection (1), a visa to travel to, enter and remain in
Australia may be one to:

   (a)  enter Australia during a specified period; and

   (b)  if, and only if, the holder enters during that period:

        (i)    remain in it during a specified period or indefinitely; and

        (ii)   if the holder leaves Australia during a specified period,
               re-enter it during a specified period.

"(4) Without limiting section 27 (person taken to be included in visa) or
section 26ZS (newborn child included in visa), the regulations may provide for
a visa being held by 2 or more persons. Kinds of visas

"25.(1) A visa to remain in Australia (whether also a visa to travel to and
enter Australia) may be a visa, to be known as a permanent visa, to remain
indefinitely.

"(2) A visa to remain in Australia (whether also a visa to travel to and enter
Australia) may be a visa, to be known as a temporary visa, to remain:

   (a)  during a specified period; or

   (b)  until a specified event happens; or

   (c)  while the holder has a specified status. Classes of visas

"26.(1) There are to be prescribed classes of visas.

"(2) As well as the prescribed classes, there are the classes provided for by
sections 26A, 26B, 26C and 26D.

"(3) The regulations may prescribe criteria for a visa or visas in a specified
class (which, without limiting the generality of this subsection, may be a
class provided for by section 26A, 26B or 26C but not by section 26D). Special
category visas

"26A.(1) There is a class of temporary visas to be known as special category
visas.

"(2) A criterion for a special category visa is that the applicant is:

   (a)  a non-citizen:

        (i)    who is a New Zealand citizen and holds, and has shown an
               officer, a New Zealand passport that is in force; and

        (ii)   is neither a behaviour concern non-citizen nor a health concern
               non-citizen; or

   (b)  a person declared by the regulations, to be a person for whom a visa
        in another class would be inappropriate; or

   (c)  a person in a class of persons declared by the regulations, to be
        persons for whom a visa in another class would be inappropriate.
        Protection visas

"26B.(1) There is a class of temporary visas to be known as protection visas.

"(2) A criterion for a protection visa is that the applicant for the visa is a
non-citizen in Australia to whom Australia has protection obligations under
the Refugees Convention as amended by the Refugees Protocol. Bridging visas

"26C. There is a class of temporary visas, to be known as bridging visas, to
be granted under Subdivision AF. Criminal justice visas

"26D. There is a class of temporary visas, to be known as criminal justice
visas, to be granted under Subdivision D of Division 3. Criterion limiting
number of visas

"26E.(1) In spite of section 49A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, a
prescribed criterion for visas in a class, other than protection visas, may be
the criterion that the grant of the visa would not cause the number of visas
in that class granted in a particular financial year to exceed whatever number
is fixed by the Minister, by notice published in the Gazette, as the maximum
number of such visas that may be granted in that year (however the criterion
is expressed).

"(2) For the purposes of this Act, when a criterion allowed by subsection (1)
prevents the grant in a financial year of any more visas in a particular
class, any outstanding applications for the grant in that year of visas in
that class are taken not to have been made. Circumstances for granting visas

"26F.(1) The regulations may provide that visas or visas in a specified class
may only be granted in specified circumstances.

"(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the circumstances may be that, when the
person is granted the visa, the person:

   (a)  is outside Australia; or

   (b)  is in immigration clearance or has been refused immigration clearance;
        or

   (c)  is in the migration zone and, on last entering Australia, was
        immigration cleared or bypassed immigration clearance. Conditions on
        visas

"26G.(1) The regulations may provide that visas, or visas in a specified
class, are subject to specified conditions.

"(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the regulations may provide that a visa,
or visas in a specified class, are subject to:

   (a)  a condition that, despite anything else in this Act, the holder of the
        visa will not, after entering Australia, be entitled to be granted a
        visa while he or she remains in Australia; or

   (b)  a condition imposing restrictions about the work that may be done in
        Australia by the holder, which, without limiting the generality of
        this paragraph, may be restrictions on doing:

        (i)    any work; or

        (ii)   work other than specified work; or

        (iii)  work of a specified kind. Visas essential for travel

"26H.(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a non-citizen must not travel to
Australia without a visa.

"(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to an allowed inhabitant of the Protected
Zone travelling to a protected area in connection with traditional activities.

"(3) The regulations may permit a specified non-citizen or a non-citizen in a
specified class to travel to Australia without a visa. Visa holders must
usually enter at a port

"26J. Subject to the regulations, a visa to enter Australia is permission for
the holder to enter Australia:

   (a)  at a port; or

   (b)  on a pre-cleared flight; or

   (c)  if the holder travels to Australia on a vessel and the health or
        safety of a person or a prescribed reason, make it necessary to enter
        in another way, that way; or

   (d)  in a way authorised in writing by an authorised officer.

"Subdivision AA-Applications for visas Extent of following Subdivisions

"26K. This Subdivision and the later Subdivisions of this Division, other than
this section, Subdivision AG and subsection 50E(1), do not apply to criminal
justice visas. Application for visa

"26L.(1) A non-citizen who wants a visa must apply for it.

"(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the regulations may prescribe the way
for making:

   (a)  an application in specified circumstances; or

   (b)  an application for a visa in a specified class; or

   (c)  an application in specified circumstances for a visa in a specified
        class.

"(3) Without limiting subsection (1), the regulations may provide that, when
an application in a specified class is made, the applicant:

   (a)  must be outside Australia; or

   (b)  must be in immigration clearance or have been refused immigration
        clearance; or

   (c)  must be in the migration zone and, on last entering Australia, been
        immigration cleared or bypassed immigration clearance. Valid visa
        application

"26M. An application for a visa is valid if, and only if:

   (a)  it is for a visa in a class specified in the application; and

   (b)  it is made in the way required by subsection 26L(2), including any way
        required by subsection 26L(3); and

   (c)  any fees payable in respect of it under the regulations have been
        paid; and

   (d)  it is not prevented by section 26P (visa refused or cancelled
        earlier), 54HH (criminal justice) or 54ZC (detainees); and

   (e)  in a case where the applicant is in the migration zone and the
        application is not for a protection visa or a bridging visa, the
        applicant has not, since last entering Australia, held a visa subject
        to a condition described in paragraph 26G(2)(a). Consideration of
        valid visa application

"26N.(1) The Minister is to consider a valid application for a visa.

"(2) The requirement to consider an application continues until:

   (a)  it is withdrawn, approved or refused; or

   (b)  the further consideration is prevented by section 26E (limiting number
        of visas) or 28 (suspension of consideration).

"(3) To avoid doubt, the Minister is not to consider an application that is
not a valid application.

"(4) To avoid doubt, a decision by the Minister that an application is not
valid and cannot be considered is not a decision to refuse the application.
Non-citizens whose application refused or visa cancelled may only apply for
particular visas

"26P.(1) A non-citizen in Australia who:

   (a)  does not hold a substantive visa; and

   (b)  either:

        (i)    made an application for a visa, other than a bridging visa,
               that was refused after he or she last entered Australia
               (whether or not the application has been finally determined);
               or

        (ii)   held a visa that was cancelled under section 45 (incorrect
               information), 50AB (general power to cancel); or section 50A
               (business visas); may apply for a visa in a class prescribed
               for the purposes of this section or a bridging visa but not for
               any other visa.

"(2) One of the criteria for a visa in a class prescribed for the purposes of
this section is that there has been a prescribed change in circumstances since
the refused application or cancellation. Withdrawal of visa application

"26Q.(1) An applicant for a visa may, by written notice given to the Minister,
withdraw the application.

"(2) An application that is withdrawn is taken to have been disposed of.

"(3) To avoid doubt, an application that is withdrawn before it is refused is
not taken for the purposes of section 26P to have been refused.

"(4) Subject to the regulations, fees payable in respect of an application
that is withdrawn are not refundable. Only new information to be considered in
later protection visa applications

"26R. If a non-citizen who has made:

   (a)  an application for a protection visa that has been refused and finally
        determined; or

   (b)  applications for protection visas that have been refused and finally
        determined; makes a further application for a protection visa, the
        Minister, in considering the further application:

   (c)  is not required to reconsider any information considered in the
        earlier application or an earlier application; and

   (d)  may have regard to, and take to be correct, any decision that the
        Minister made about or because of that information. Order of
        consideration

"26S.(1) The Minister may consider and dispose of applications for visas in
such order as he or she considers appropriate.

"(2) The fact that an application has not yet been considered or disposed of
although an application that was made later has been considered or disposed of
does not mean that the consideration or disposal of the earlier application is
unreasonably delayed.

"Subdivision AB-Code of procedure for dealing fairly, efficiently
and quickly with visa applications Communication of applicant with Minister

"26T.(1) A visa applicant must communicate with the Minister in the prescribed
way.

"(2) The regulations may prescribe different ways of communicating and specify
the circumstances when communication is to be in a particular way.

"(3) If the applicant purports to communicate anything to the Minister in a
way that is not the prescribed way, the communication is taken not to have
been received unless the Minister in fact receives it. Communication of
Minister with applicant

"26U.(1) A visa applicant is to tell the Minister the address at which the
applicant intends to live while the application is being dealt with.

"(2) If the applicant proposes to change the address at which he intends to
live for at least 14 days, the applicant must tell the Minister the address
and the period of proposed residence.

"(3) If the Minister sends or leaves a notification to the applicant at the
address for the applicant given under subsection (1) or (2), the notification
is taken to have been received by the applicant even if it was not received.

"(4) A visa applicant may tell the Minister that a specified person at a
specified address may be given notifications for the applicant about the
application.

"(5) If the Minister has been given the name and address of a person under
subsection (4), the Minister may give, but is not required to give,
notifications to the applicant by giving them to that person at that address
and a notification so given is taken to have been received by the applicant.

"(6) If, in accordance with the regulations, 2 or more non-citizens apply for
visas together, notifications given to any of them about the application are
taken to be given to each of them. Application may be decided on basis of
information in application

"26V.(1) Subject to this Subdivision, a visa application may be decided on the
basis of the information given in it.

"(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), information is in an application if,
and only if, the information is set out in the application or in a document
attached to it when it is made.

"(3) Without limiting subsection (1), a decision about an application may be
made without giving the applicant an opportunity to make oral or written
submissions. Further information may be given

"26W.(1) Until the Minister has made a decision whether to approve or refuse
an application for a visa, the applicant may give the Minister any additional
relevant information and the Minister must have regard to that information in
making the decision.

"(2) Subsection (1) does not mean that the Minister is required to delay
making a decision because the applicant might give, or has told the Minister
that the applicant intends to give, further information. Further information
may be sought

"26X.(1) In considering an application for a visa, the Minister may, if he or
she wants to, get any information that he or she considers relevant and may
have regard to that information in making the decision about the application.

"(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Minister may invite, orally or in
writing, the applicant for a visa to give additional information in a
specified way. Certain information must be given to applicant

"26Y.(1) Subject to subsection (2), if the Minister has information, not being
non-disclosable information, that he or she considers:

   (a)  would be the reason, or part of the reason, for refusing the
        application for a visa; and

   (b)  is specifically about the applicant or another person and not just
        about a class of persons of which the applicant or other person is a
        member; and

   (c)  was not given by, or with the permission of, the applicant for the
        purpose of the application; the Minister is to:

   (d)  give particulars of the information to the applicant; and

   (e)  invite the applicant to comment on the information.

"(2) This section does not apply to an application for a visa if:

   (a)  the application is to be made when the applicant is outside Australia;
        and

   (b)  this Act does not provide for an application in accordance with Part 3
        or 4A for review of a decision to refuse the application for the visa.

"(3) The particulars and invitation are to be given in the way that the
Minister considers appropriate in the circumstances, which may be orally or in
writing.

"(4) The Minister is to ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that the
applicant understands why the information is relevant to the application.
Invitation to give further information or comments

"26Z.(1) If an applicant for a visa is:

   (a)  invited under section 26X to give additional information; or

   (b)  invited under section 26Y to comment on information; the invitation is
        to specify whether the additional information or the comments may be
        given:

   (c)  in writing; or

   (d)  at an interview between the applicant and an officer; or

   (e)  by telephone.

"(2) Subject to subsection (4), if the invitation is to give additional
information or comments otherwise than at an interview, the information or
comments are to be given within a period specified in the invitation, being a
prescribed period or, if no period is prescribed, a reasonable period.

"(3) Subject to subsection (5), if the invitation is to give information or
comments at an interview, the interview is to take place:

   (a)  at a place specified in the invitation, being a prescribed place or if
        no place is prescribed, a reasonable place; and

   (b)  at a time specified in the invitation, being a time within a
        prescribed period or, if no period is prescribed, a reasonable period.

"(4) If a person is to respond to an invitation within a prescribed period,
that period may be extended by the Minister for a prescribed further period,
and then the response is to be made in the extended period.

"(5) If a person is to respond to an invitation at an interview at a time
within a prescribed period, that time may be changed by the Minister to:

   (a)  a later time within that period; or

   (b)  a time within that period as extended by the Minister for a prescribed
        further period; and then the response is to be made at an interview at
        the new time. Interviews

"26ZA.(1) An applicant must make every reasonable effort to be available for,
and attend, an interview.

"(2) Section 26Z and this section do not mean that the Minister cannot obtain
information from an applicant by telephone or in any other way. Medical
examination

"26ZB.(1) If the health or physical or mental condition of an applicant for a
visa is relevant to the approval of the application, the Minister may require
the applicant to visit, and be examined by, a specified person, being a person
qualified to determine the applicant's health, physical condition or mental
condition, at a specified reasonable time and specified reasonable place.

"(2) An applicant for a visa must make every reasonable effort to be available
for, and attend, an examination. Prescribed periods

"26ZC. If this Subdivision requires or allows the regulations to prescribe a
period or other time limit relating to a step in considering an application
for a visa, the regulations may prescribe different limits relating to that
step and specify when that specified limit is to apply, which, without
limiting the generality of the power, may be to:

   (a)  applications in a specified class; or

   (b)  applications in specified circumstances; or

   (c)  applicants in a specified class; or

   (d)  applicants in a specified class in specified circumstances. Failure to
        receive information not require action

"26ZD.(1) If an applicant for a visa:

   (a)  is invited to give additional information; and

   (b)  does not give the information before the time for giving it has
        passed; the Minister may make a decision about the application without
        taking any action to obtain the additional information.

"(2) If an applicant for a visa:

   (a)  is invited to comment on information; and

   (b)  does not give the comments before the time for giving them has passed;
        the Minister may make the decision without taking any further action
        to obtain the applicant's views on the information. When decision
        about visa application may be made

"26ZE.(1) Subject to sections 26Y (give applicant information) and 31 (delay
under points system) and subsections (2) and (3), the Minister may approve, or
refuse, an application for a visa at any time after the application has been
made.

"(2) The Minister is not to refuse an application after inviting the applicant
to give information and before whichever of the following happens first:

   (a)  the information is given;

   (b)  the applicant tells the Minister that the applicant does not wish to
        give the information or does not have it;

   (c)  the time in which the information may be given ends.

"(3) The Minister is not to refuse an application after inviting the applicant
to comment on information and before whichever of the following happens first:

   (a)  the comments are given;

   (b)  the applicant tells the Minister that the applicant does not wish to
        comment;

   (c)  the time in which the comments are to be given ends.

"Subdivision AC-Decision about application Decision about application

"26ZF.(1) After considering a valid application for a visa, the Minister:

   (a)  if satisfied that:

        (i)    the health criteria for it (if any) have been satisfied; and

        (ii)   the other criteria for it prescribed by this Act or the
               regulations have been satisfied; and

        (iii)  the approval of the application is not prevented by this Act or
               another law of the Commonwealth; and

        (iv)   any visa tax, any English Education Charge under the
               Immigration (Education) Charge Act 1992 and any charge under
               the Migration  (Health Services) Charge Act 1991 payable in
               relation to the application if the application is approved have
               been paid; is to approve the application; or

   (b)  if not so satisfied, is to refuse the application.

"(2) To avoid doubt, an application set aside under section 31 is not taken
for the purposes of subsection (1) to have been considered until it has been
reconsidered under the regulations under subsection 31(4) for the last time.

"(3) For the purposes of subparagraph (1)(a)(iv), visa tax in relation to an
application for a visa is taken to be payable if the application is approved
even though the tax might not become payable because of subsection 5(4) of the
Migration (Delayed Visa Applications) Tax Act 1992 (not payable if applicant
leaves Australia before grant). Notification of decision

"26ZG.(1) When the Minister approves or refuses a visa application, he or she
is to notify the applicant of the decision in the prescribed way.

"(2) Notification of a decision to approve an application for a visa must, if
there are any prescribed requirements or requirements under any other law of
the Commonwealth for the grant that have to be met, include particulars of
them and a statement that the visa will not be granted unless they are met
within a specified time.

"(3) A time specified for the purposes of subsection (2) must begin on the
date of notification and not be longer than 12 months.

"(4) Notification of a decision to refuse an application for a visa must:

   (a)  if the visa was refused because the applicant did not satisfy a
        criterion for the visa-specify that criterion; and

   (b)  if the visa was refused because a provision of this Act or the
        regulations prevented approval-specify that provision; and

   (c)  unless subsection (5) applies to the application-give the reasons (not
        being non-disclosable information) why the criterion was not satisfied
        or the provision prevented approval; and

   (d)  if the applicant has a right to have the decision reviewed under Part
        3 or 4A or section 180-state:

        (i)    that the decision can be reviewed; and

        (ii)   the time in which the application for review may be made; and

        (iii)  who can apply for the review; and

        (iv)   where the application for review can be made.

"(5) This subsection applies to an application for a visa if:

   (a)  the application is to be made when the applicant is outside Australia;
        and

   (b)  this Act does not provide for an application in accordance with Part 3
        for review of a decision to refuse the application for the visa.

"(6) Failure to give notification of a decision does not affect the validity
of the decision. Effect of compliance or non-compliance

"26ZH.(1) Non-compliance with Subdivision AA or AB in relation to a visa
application does not mean that a decision to approve or refuse the application
is not a valid decision but only means that the decision might have been the
wrong one and might be set aside if reviewed.

"(2) If the Minister deals with a visa application in a way that complies with
Subdivision AA, AB and this Subdivision, the Minister is not required to take
any other action in dealing with it.
                       "Subdivision AD-Grant of visas
Grant of visa

"26ZI.(1) If:

   (a)  the Minister has approved the application for a visa; and

   (b)  any prescribed requirements or requirements under any other law of the
        Commonwealth for the grant have been met within the time for doing so
        specified in the notice of approval; and

   (c)  the grant is not prevented by section 26F (circumstances when granted)
        or any other provision of this Act or any other law of the
        Commonwealth; the visa must be granted.

"(2) To avoid doubt, if the time within which a visa can be granted ends
without it being able to be granted, the visa cannot be granted and the
application lapses and is taken to have been finally determined.

"(3) To avoid doubt, the prevention by subsection (2) of the grant of a visa
is not a decision to refuse the application for the visa. Way visa granted

"26ZJ. A visa is to be granted by the Minister causing a record of it to be
made. When visa operates

"26ZK.(1) Subject to subsection (2), a visa has effect as soon as it is
granted.

"(2) A visa may provide that it is to have effect from a date specified in it,
being a date after its grant.
                     "Subdivision AE-Evidence of visas
Evidence of visa

"26ZL. Subject to the regulations, if a non-citizen is granted a visa, an
officer is to give the non-citizen evidence of the visa. Ways of giving
evidence

"26ZM.(1) Evidence of a visa is to be given in a way prescribed for giving the
evidence.

"(2) The regulations may provide that the way in which evidence of a visa or a
visa in a class is to be given is to depend on the circumstances in which it
is given.

"(3) If a regulation provides that evidence of a non-citizen's visa may be
given by endorsing a valid passport or other valid travel document issued to
the non-citizen or another non-citizen associated with him or her, the
Minister may direct that a specified document is not to be taken to be a
passport or travel document for the purposes of the regulation. (Australia
does not recognise the issue of the document or other reason.)
                        "Subdivision AF-Bridging visas
Interpretation

"26ZN. In this Subdivision:
'detention non-citizen' means a non-citizen who:

   (a)  either:

        (i)    has been immigration cleared; or

        (ii)   is in a prescribed class; and

   (b)  is a detainee, is liable to be detained or will become so liable
        within a prescribed period. Bridging visas

"26ZO. The Minister may grant a detention non-citizen who satisfies the
criteria for a bridging visa prescribed under subsection 26(3) a bridging visa
permitting the non-citizen to remain in Australia:

   (a)  during a specified period; or

   (b)  until a specified event happens. Further applications for bridging
        visa

"26ZP.(1) A detention non-citizen:

   (a)  who is in immigration detention; and

   (b)  who made an unsuccessful application for a bridging visa, whether
        before or after being detained; may make a further application for a
        bridging visa, but, unless the application is made in prescribed
        circumstances, not earlier than 30 days after:

   (c)  if he or she did not make an application for review of the decision to
        refuse the application-the refusal; or

   (d)  if he or she made an application for such review-the application was
        finally determined. Bridging visa not affect visa applications

"26ZQ.(1) The fact that a non-citizen holds a bridging visa does not prevent
or affect:

   (a)  an application by the non-citizen for a visa in another class; or

   (b)  the approval of such an application; or

   (c)  the grant of such a visa.

"(2) To avoid doubt, the holding by a non-citizen of a bridging visa is not to
be taken to be, for the purposes of an application for a visa in another
class, the holding of a visa.

"Subdivision AG-Other provisions about visas Only visas in force are held

"26ZR. To avoid doubt, for the purposes of this Act, a non-citizen does not
hold a particular visa at a particular time unless the visa is in force at
that time. Children born included in parents visa

"26ZS.(1) If:

   (a)  a child born in Australia is a non-citizen when born; and

   (b)  at the time of the birth:

        (i)    one of the child's parents holds a visa; and

        (ii)   the other parent is, under section 27, included in that visa or
               does not hold a visa; the child is taken to be included in that
               visa.

"(2) If:

   (a)  a child born in Australia is a non-citizen when born; and

   (b)  at the time of the birth, each of the child's parents holds a visa;
        the child is taken to be included in each of those visas. Effect on
        visa of leaving Australia

"26ZT. If the holder of a visa leaves Australia the holder may only re-enter
Australia because of the visa if:

   (a)  the visa is permission for the re-entry; and

   (b)  the visa is in force on re-entry. Certain persons taken not to leave
        Australia

"26ZU. For the purposes of section 26ZT, a person is not taken to leave
Australia if:

   (a)  he or she goes outside the migration zone for no longer than a
        prescribed period; and

   (b)  while outside, goes to neither a foreign country nor an external
        Territory to which this Act does not extend (fishermen and others).
        Extent of visa authority

"26ZV.(1) A visa to travel to Australia during a period is not permission to
travel to it outside that period.

"(2) A visa to enter Australia within a period is not permission to so enter
outside that period.

"(3) A visa to remain in Australia during a period is not permission to so
remain outside that period. When visas cease

"26ZW.(1) A cancelled visa ceases to be in force on cancellation.

"(2) A visa held by a non-citizen ceases to be in force if another visa for
the non-citizen comes into force.

"(3) A visa to enter Australia during a particular period or until a
particular date ceases to be in force at the end of that period or on that
date unless the holder of the visa:

   (a)  has entered Australia in that period or on or before that date; and

   (b)  is in Australia at the end of that period or on that date.

"(4) A visa to enter Australia during a particular period or until a
particular date ceases to be in force if the holder leaves Australia after
that period or date.

"(5) A visa to remain in Australia during a particular period or until a
particular date ceases to be in force at the end of that period or on that
date.

"(6) A visa to remain in, but not re-enter, Australia that is granted to a
non-citizen in Australia ceases to be in force if the holder leaves Australia.

"(7) This section does not affect the operation of other provisions of this
Act under which a visa ceases to be in force (such as sections 54HT and
54HU)".