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TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT 1997 - NOTES

Act No. 47 of 1997 as amended

This compilation was prepared on 1 July 2008
taking into account amendments up to Act No. 22 of 2008

[Note: Subsections 531F(1) and (2) and paragraphs 531G(2)(e) and (3A)(e) cease to have effect on 27 May 2009, see subsections 531F(3), 531G(3) and (3B)]

The text of any of those amendments not in force
on that date is appended in the Notes section

The operation of amendments that have been incorporated may be
affected by application provisions that are set out in the Notes section

Prepared by the Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing ,
Attorney‑General's Department,
Canberra

  

  

  


Contents

Part 1--Introduction                                                                                                               1

1............ Short title [see Note 1] ....................................................................... 1

2............ Commencement [see Note 1] .............................................................. 1

3............ Objects ................................................................................................ 1

4............ Regulatory policy ............................................................................... 3

5............ Simplified outline ................................................................................ 3

6............ Main index .......................................................................................... 7

7............ Definitions .......................................................................................... 8

8............ Crown to be bound ........................................................................... 18

9............ Extra‑territorial application .............................................................. 18

10.......... Extension to external Territories ....................................................... 19

11.......... Extension to offshore areas ............................................................... 19

11A....... Application of the Criminal Code .................................................... 20

12.......... Act subject to Radiocommunications Act ........................................ 20

13.......... Continuity of partnerships ............................................................... 20

14.......... Controlled carriage services, controlled networks and controlled facilities               20

15.......... Content service ................................................................................. 22

16.......... Listed carriage services ..................................................................... 22

18.......... Access to an emergency call service ................................................. 23

19.......... Recognised person who operates an emergency call service ............ 23

20.......... Customer cabling .............................................................................. 23

21.......... Customer equipment ........................................................................ 24

22.......... Customer cabling and customer equipment--boundary of a telecommunications network     25

23.......... Immediate circle ................................................................................ 27

24.......... Extended meaning of use ................................................................... 31

Part 2--Network units                                                                                                         32

Division 1--Simplified outline                                                                                 32

25.......... Simplified outline .............................................................................. 32

Division 2--Basic definition                                                                                     33

26.......... Single line links connecting distinct places in Australia .................... 33

27.......... Multiple line links connecting distinct places in Australia ............... 33

28.......... Designated radiocommunications facility ......................................... 34

29.......... Facilities specified in Ministerial determination ............................... 35

Division 3--Related definitions                                                                             36

30.......... Line links .......................................................................................... 36

31.......... Designated radiocommunications facility ......................................... 36

32.......... Public mobile telecommunications service ........................................ 38

33.......... Intercell hand‑over functions ............................................................ 39

34.......... When a base station is part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network    40

35.......... Fixed radiocommunications link ....................................................... 41

Division 4--Distinct places                                                                                      43

36.......... Distinct places--basic rules ............................................................. 43

37.......... Properties ......................................................................................... 43

38.......... Combined areas ................................................................................. 44

39.......... Principal user of a property ............................................................. 45

40.......... Eligible combined areas ..................................................................... 45

Part 3--Carriers                                                                                                                     46

Division 1--Simplified outline                                                                                 46

41.......... Simplified outline .............................................................................. 46

Division 2--Prohibitions relating to carriers                                                  47

42.......... Network unit not to be used without carrier licence or nominated carrier declaration             47

43.......... Continuing offences .......................................................................... 48

44.......... Supply to the public ......................................................................... 48

45.......... Exemption--defence ......................................................................... 50

46.......... Exemption--intelligence operations ................................................. 50

47.......... Exemption--transport authorities .................................................... 51

48.......... Exemption--broadcasting services ................................................... 52

49.......... Exemption--electricity supply bodies ............................................. 54

50.......... Exemption--line links authorised by or under previous laws .......... 54

51.......... Exemption--Ministerial determination ............................................ 56

Division 3--Carrier licences                                                                                   58

52.......... Applications for carrier licence ......................................................... 58

53.......... Form of application etc. ................................................................... 58

53A....... Copy of application to be given to Communications Access Co‑ordinator             58

54.......... Application to be accompanied by charge ........................................ 58

55.......... Further information .......................................................................... 58

56.......... Grant of licence ................................................................................. 59

56A....... Consultation with Communications Access Co‑ordinator ............... 59

57.......... Carrier licence has effect subject to this Act .................................... 60

58.......... Refusal of carrier licence--disqualified applicant ............................. 61

58A....... Refusal of carrier licence--security .................................................. 63

59.......... Time limit on licence decision ........................................................... 64

60.......... Notification of refusal of application ............................................... 67

61.......... Conditions of carrier licence specified in Schedule 1 ........................ 67

61A....... Review before 1 July 2009 of conditions relating to operational separation of Telstra           67

62.......... Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152AZ of the Trade Practices Act 1974           68

63.......... Conditions of carrier licence declared by Minister ........................... 68

64.......... Consultation about declared licence conditions ................................ 70

65.......... Conditions about foreign ownership or control ................................ 71

67.......... Carrier licence conditions--special provisions ................................. 71

68.......... Compliance with conditions ............................................................. 71

69.......... Remedial directions--breach of condition ........................................ 72

69A....... Remedial directions--breach by Telstra of conditions relating to operational separation       73

69B....... Review by the Australian Competition Tribunal of remedial directions given by the ACCC                 73

70.......... Formal warnings--breach of condition ............................................. 75

71.......... Surrender of carrier licence ................................................................ 75

72.......... Cancellation of carrier licence ........................................................... 76

73.......... Collection of charges relating to carrier licences ............................... 77

73A....... Refund of application charge ............................................................ 79

74.......... Collection of charges on behalf of the Commonwealth .................... 79

75.......... Cancellation of certain exemptions from charge ............................... 79

76.......... Commonwealth not liable to charge .................................................. 80

Division 4--Nominated carrier declarations                                                   81

77.......... Applications for nominated carrier declarations ............................... 81

78.......... Application to be accompanied by charge etc. ................................. 81

79.......... Form of application etc. ................................................................... 81

80.......... Further information .......................................................................... 81

81.......... Making a nominated carrier declaration ............................................ 82

81A....... Obligations of nominated carrier ....................................................... 82

82.......... Notification of refusal of application ............................................... 83

83.......... Revocation of nominated carrier declaration ..................................... 83

Division 5--Register of nominated carrier declarations and carrier licences     85

84.......... Register of nominated carrier declarations and carrier licences ......... 85

Part 4--Service providers                                                                                                 86

Division 1--Simplified outline                                                                                 86

85.......... Simplified outline .............................................................................. 86

Division 2--Service providers                                                                                87

86.......... Service providers .............................................................................. 87

Division 3--Carriage service providers                                                            88

87.......... Carriage service providers ................................................................. 88

88.......... Supply to the public ......................................................................... 90

89.......... Exemption from definition--customers located on the same premises 91

90.......... Exemption from definition--defence ................................................ 91

91.......... Exemption from definition--intelligence operations ........................ 92

92.......... Exemption from definition--transport authorities ........................... 92

93.......... Exemption from definition--broadcasting services .......................... 93

94.......... Exemption from definition--electricity supply bodies .................... 94

95.......... Exemption from definition--Ministerial determination ................... 94

96.......... Exemption from certain regulatory provisions--Ministerial determination             95

Division 4--Content service providers                                                             96

97.......... Content service providers ................................................................. 96

Division 5--Service provider rules                                                                      97

5>98.......... Service provider rules ....................................................................... 97

99.......... Service provider determinations ....................................................... 97

100........ Exemptions from service provider rules ........................................... 98

101........ Service providers must comply with service provider rules ............ 98

102........ Remedial directions--breach of service provider rules ..................... 99

103........ Formal warnings--breach of service provider rules ....................... 100

Part 5--Monitoring of the performance of carriers and carriage service providers             101

104........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 101

105........ Monitoring of performance--annual report ................................... 101

105A..... Monitoring of performance--additional report .............................. 103

Part 6--Industry codes and industry standards                                                  104

Division 1--Simplified outline                                                                               104

106........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 104

Division 2--Interpretation                                                                                      105

107........ Industry codes ................................................................................ 105

108........ Industry standards .......................................................................... 105

108A..... Electronic messaging service provider ............................................ 105

108B..... Telecommunications industry ........................................................ 105

109........ Telecommunications activity .......................................................... 106

109A..... E‑marketing activity ....................................................................... 106

109B..... Telemarketing activity .................................................................... 107

110........ Sections of the telecommunications industry ................................. 109

110A..... Sections of the e‑marketing industry .............................................. 110

110B..... Sections of the telemarketing industry ........................................... 111

111........ Participants in a section of the telecommunications industry ........ 112

111A..... Participants in a section of the e‑marketing industry ..................... 112

111AA.. Participants in a section of the telemarketing industry .................. 112

111B..... Unsolicited commercial electronic messages ................................... 112

Division 3--General principles relating to industry codes and industry standards          113

112........ Statement of regulatory policy ....................................................... 113

113........ Examples of matters that may be dealt with by industry codes and industry standards         115

114........ Industry codes and industry standards may confer powers on the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman   117

115........ Industry codes and industry standards not to deal with certain design features and performance requirements     117

116........ Industry codes and industry standards not to deal with matters dealt with by codes and standards under Part 9 of the Broadcasting Services Act .............................................................. 118

116A..... Industry codes and standards do not affect Privacy Act 1988 ....... 119

Division 4--Industry codes                                                                                    120

117........ Registration of industry codes ........................................................ 120

118........ ACMA may request codes ............................................................. 122

119........ Publication of notice where no body or association represents a section of the telecommunications industry, the e‑marketing industry or the telemarketing industry ....................... 124

120........ Replacement of industry codes ...................................................... 124

121........ Directions about compliance with industry codes ......................... 124

122........ Formal warnings--breach of industry codes .................................. 126

122A..... De‑registering industry codes and provisions of industry codes ... 127

Division 5--Industry standards                                                                            128

123........ ACMA may determine an industry standard if a request for an industry code is not complied with     128

124........ ACMA may determine industry standard where no industry body or association formed     129

125........ ACMA may determine industry standards where industry codes fail 130

125A..... ACMA must determine certain industry standards relating to the telemarketing industry     131

126........ Industry standards not to be determined for certain privacy matters 132

127........ Industry standards not to be determined during the first 180 days after commencement        132

128........ Compliance with industry standards .............................................. 132

129........ Formal warnings--breach of industry standards ............................ 133

130........ Variation of industry standards ...................................................... 133

131........ Revocation of industry standards ................................................... 134

132........ Public consultation on industry standards ..................................... 134

133........ Consultation with ACCC and the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman      135

134........ Consultation with Privacy Commissioner ...................................... 135

135........ Consultation with consumer body ................................................. 136

135A..... Consultation with the States and Territories .................................. 136

Division 6--Register of industry codes and industry standards         137

136........ ACMA to maintain Register of industry codes and industry standards 137

Division 6A--Reimbursement of costs of development of consumer‑related industry codes   138

136A..... Application for eligibility for reimbursement of costs of development of consumer‑related industry code            138

136B..... Declaration of eligibility for reimbursement of costs of development of consumer‑related industry code              139

136C..... Reimbursement of costs of developing consumer‑related industry code 140

136D..... Costs--transactions between persons not at arm's length ............ 141

136E...... Refundable cost .............................................................................. 142

Division 7--Miscellaneous                                                                                     143

137........ Protection from civil proceedings ................................................... 143

138........ Implied freedom of political communication .................................. 143

139........ Agreements for the carrying on of telemarketing activities must require compliance with this Part        143

Part 13--Protection of communications                                                                  145

Division 1--Introduction                                                                                         145

270........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 145

271........ Eligible person ................................................................................ 145

272........ Number‑database operator and eligible number‑database person ... 146

273........ Information ..................................................................................... 146

274........ Telecommunications contractor ...................................................... 146

275........ Number‑database contractor ........................................................... 146

275A..... Location information ...................................................................... 147

Division 2--Primary disclosure/use offences                                               148

276........ Primary disclosure/use offence--eligible persons .......................... 148

277........ Primary disclosure/use offence--eligible number‑database persons 150

278........ Primary disclosure/use offence--emergency call persons .............. 151

Division 3--Exceptions to primary disclosure/use offences                153

Subdivision A--Exceptions                                                                                     153

279........ Performance of person's duties ...................................................... 153

280........ Authorisation by or under law ....................................................... 154

281........ Witnesses ........................................................................................ 154

284........ Assisting the ACMA, the ACCC or the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman            155

285........ Integrated public number database ................................................. 155

286........ Calls to emergency service number ................................................. 159

287........ Threat to person's life or health ..................................................... 159

288........ Communications for maritime purposes ........................................ 160

289........ Knowledge or consent of person concerned ................................... 160

290........ Implicit consent of sender and recipient of communication ........... 160

291........ Business needs of other carriers or service providers ..................... 161

292........ Circumstances prescribed in the regulations ................................... 163

293........ Uses connected with exempt disclosures ....................................... 163

294........ Effect of this Subdivision ............................................................... 164

Subdivision B--Burden of proof                                                                            164

295........ Burden of proof .............................................................................. 164

Division 3A--Integrated public number database authorisations     165

Subdivision A--ACMA scheme for the granting of authorisations               165

295A..... ACMA to make integrated public number database scheme .......... 165

295B..... Scheme must deal with certain matters ........................................... 165

295C..... Applications may be treated differently ........................................ 165

295D..... Scope of authorisations .................................................................. 166

295E...... Provisional and final authorisations ................................................ 166

295F...... Conditions ...................................................................................... 166

295G..... Varying or revoking authorisations ................................................. 166

295H..... Scheme may confer administrative powers on the ACMA ............ 166

295J...... Ancillary or incidental provisions .................................................. 166

295K..... Scheme‑making power not limited .................................................. 167

295L...... Variation of scheme ........................................................................ 167

295M.... Consultation ................................................................................... 167

Subdivision B--Ministerial instruments                                                            167

295N..... Criteria for deciding authorisation applications .............................. 167

295P...... Conditions ...................................................................................... 168

295Q..... Other reviewable decisions ............................................................. 168

Subdivision C--Enforcing compliance with conditions of authorisations     168

295R..... Offence of breaching a condition .................................................... 168

295S...... Remedial directions for breaching a condition ................................ 169

295T..... Formal warnings for breaching a condition ..................................... 169

Subdivision D--Report to Minister                                                                       169

295U..... Report to Minister ......................................................................... 169

Division 4--Secondary disclosure/use offences                                          171

296........ Performance of person's duties ...................................................... 171

297........ Authorisation by or under law ....................................................... 171

299........ Assisting the ACMA, the ACCC or the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman            171

299A..... Integrated public number database ................................................. 172

300........ Threat to person's life or health ..................................................... 173

301........ Communications for maritime purposes ........................................ 173

302........ Business needs of other carriers or service providers ..................... 173

303........ Secondary offence--contravening this Division ............................. 174

303A..... Generality of Division not limited .................................................. 174

Division 4A--Relationship with the Privacy Act 1988                            175

303B..... Acts taken to be authorised by law for purposes of Privacy Act .. 175

303C..... Prosecution of an offence against this Part does not affect proceedings under the Privacy Act 1988      175

Division 5--Record‑keeping requirements                                                  176

304........ Associate ........................................................................................ 176

305........ Authorisations under the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979                176

306........ Record of disclosures--general ....................................................... 176

306A..... Record of disclosures--prospective authorisation under the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 ........................................................................................................ 178

307........ Incorrect records ............................................................................. 179

308........ Annual reports to the ACMA by carriers, carriage service providers or number‑database operators     179

309........ Monitoring by the Privacy Commissioner ..................................... 180

Division 6--Instrument‑making powers not limited                                 181

310........ Instrument‑making powers not limited .......................................... 181

Part 14--National interest matters                                                                            182

311........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 182

312........ ACMA's obligations ...................................................................... 182

313........ Obligations of carriers and carriage service providers ..................... 183

314........ Terms and conditions on which help is to be given ........................ 185

315........ Suspension of supply of carriage service in an emergency ............. 186

316........ Generality of Part not limited ......................................................... 187

Part 16--Defence requirements and disaster plans                                         188

Division 1--Introduction                                                                                         188

333........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 188

334........ Defence authority ........................................................................... 188

Division 2--Supply of carriage services                                                          189

335........ Requirement to supply carriage services for defence purposes or for the management of natural disasters            189

Division 3--Defence planning                                                                               191

336........ Definitions ...................................................................................... 191

337........ Preparation of draft agreement ....................................................... 191

338........ ACMA's certification of draft agreement ...................................... 192

339........ Requirement to enter into certified agreement ................................ 193

340........ Compliance with agreement ............................................................ 193

341........ Withdrawal of certification of agreement ........................................ 193

342........ Duration of agreement .................................................................... 193

343........ Variation of agreement .................................................................... 194

Division 4--Disaster plans                                                                                     195

344........ Designated disaster plans ............................................................... 195

345........ Carrier licence conditions about designated disaster plans ............. 195

346........ Service provider determinations about designated disaster plans ... 195

346A..... Carrier and carriage service provider immunity .............................. 195

Division 5--Delegation                                                                                             196

347........ Delegation ....................................................................................... 196

Part 17--Pre‑selection in favour of carriage service providers                197

348........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 197

349........ Requirement to provide pre‑selection ............................................ 197

350........ When pre‑selection is provided in favour of a carriage service provider 198

350A..... Declared carriage services ............................................................... 199

351........ Pre‑selection to be provided ........................................................... 200

352........ Exemptions from requirement to provide pre‑selection ................. 201

353........ Use of over‑ride dial codes ............................................................. 201

Part 18--Calling line identification                                                                            203

354........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 203

355........ Calling line identification ................................................................ 203

356........ Exemptions from calling line identification requirement ................. 203

Part 19--Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)                                        205

357........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 205

358........ Meaning of AMPS ........................................................................... 205

359........ Scope of Part .................................................................................. 205

360........ No new AMPS ............................................................................... 205

361........ AMPS to be phased out ................................................................. 205

362........ Limited exemption from phase‑out of AMPS ................................ 206

363........ Competition not to be reduced ....................................................... 207

Part 20--International aspects of activities of the telecommunications industry    208

Division 1--Simplified outline                                                                               208

364........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 208

Division 2--Compliance with international agreements                         209

365........ INTELSAT and Inmarsat--directions to Signatories ..................... 209

366........ Compliance with conventions ........................................................ 209

Division 3--Rules of conduct about dealings with international telecommunications operators              211

367........ Rules of conduct about dealings with international telecommunications operators                 211

368........ ACCC to administer Rules of Conduct .......................................... 213

369........ Rules of Conduct to bind carriers and carriage service providers ... 213

370........ Unenforceability of agreements ...................................................... 214

371........ Investigations by the ACCC .......................................................... 214

372........ Reviews of the operation of this Division ...................................... 214

Part 21--Technical regulation                                                                                      216

Division 1--Simplified outline                                                                               216

373........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 216

Division 2--Interpretative provisions                                                              218

374........ Part applies to networks or facilities in Australia operated by carriers or carriage service providers      218

375........ Manager of network or facility ....................................................... 218

Division 3--Technical standards about customer equipment and customer cabling       219

376........ ACMA's power to make technical standards ................................ 219

377........ Adoption of voluntary standards ................................................... 220

378........ Procedures for making technical standards ..................................... 220

379........ Making technical standards in cases of urgency ............................. 221

Division 4--Disability standards                                                                          223

380........ Disability standards ........................................................................ 223

381........ Adoption of voluntary standards ................................................... 224

382........ Procedures for making disability standards .................................... 224

383........ Effect of compliance with disability standards .............................. 225

Division 5--Technical standards about the interconnection of facilities                226

384........ ACMA's power to make technical standards ................................ 226

385........ Adoption of voluntary standards ................................................... 227

386........ Procedures for making technical standards ..................................... 227

387........ Procedures for making technical standards ..................................... 228

388........ Provision of access ......................................................................... 229

389........ Promotion of the long‑term interests of end‑users of carriage services and of services supplied by means of carriage services ........................................................................................... 229

Division 6--Connection permits and connection rules                           230

Subdivision A--Connection permits authorising the connection of non‑standard customer equipment and non‑standard cabling                                                                                           230

390........ Application for connection permit ................................................. 230

391........ Form of application ........................................................................ 230

392........ Application to be accompanied by charge ...................................... 231

393........ Further information ........................................................................ 231

394........ Issue of connection permits ............................................................ 231

395........ Connection permit has effect subject to this Act ........................... 232

396........ Nominees of holder ......................................................................... 232

397........ Duration of connection permits ...................................................... 232

398........ Conditions of connection permits .................................................. 232

399........ Offence of contravening condition .................................................. 233

400........ Formal warnings--breach of condition ........................................... 234

401........ Surrender of connection permit ...................................................... 234

402........ Cancellation of connection permit .................................................. 234

403........ Register of connection permits ....................................................... 234

Subdivision B--Connection rules                                                                         235

5>404........ Connection rules ............................................................................. 235

405........ Procedures for making connection rules ......................................... 236

Division 7--Labelling of customer equipment and customer cabling 238

406........ Application of labels ...................................................................... 238

406A..... Application of Division to agent of manufacturer or importer ...... 238

407........ Labelling requirements .................................................................... 238

408........ Requirements to apply labels--ancillary matters .......................... 239

409........ Recognised testing authorities and competent bodies .................... 240

410........ Certification bodies ......................................................................... 241

411........ Connection of customer equipment or customer cabling--breach of section 376 standards    241

412........ Connection of labelled customer equipment or customer cabling not to be refused                 243

413........ Supply of unlabelled customer equipment or unlabelled customer cabling              244

414........ Applying labels before satisfying requirements under subsection 408(5)                245

415........ Failure to retain records etc. ........................................................... 245

416........ Application of labels containing false statements about compliance with standards               246

Division 8--Protected symbols                                                                            247

417........ Protected symbols .......................................................................... 247

Division 9--Cabling providers                                                                             251

418........ Cabling work ................................................................................... 251

419........ Types of cabling work .................................................................... 251

420........ Prohibition of unauthorised cabling work ....................................... 251

421........ Cabling provider rules ..................................................................... 252

422........ Procedures for making cabling provider rules ................................. 253

423........ Application for cabling licence ....................................................... 253

424........ Form of application ........................................................................ 254

425........ Application to be accompanied by charge ...................................... 254

426........ Further information ........................................................................ 254

427........ Grant of cabling licence ................................................................... 254

428........ Time limit on licence decision ......................................................... 255

429........ Notification of refusal of application ............................................. 255

430........ Cabling licence has effect subject to this Act ................................. 255

431........ Duration of cabling licence .............................................................. 256

432........ Conditions of cabling licence .......................................................... 256

433........ Procedures for changing licence conditions ..................................... 256

434........ Offence in relation to contravening condition ................................. 257

435........ Formal warnings--breach of condition ........................................... 258

436........ Surrender of cabling licence ............................................................. 258

437........ Suspension of cabling licence .......................................................... 258

438........ Cancellation of cabling licence ........................................................ 259

439........ ACMA may limit application of Division in relation to customer cabling              259

440........ Ministerial directions ...................................................................... 260

441........ Delegation ....................................................................................... 260

442........ Register of cabling licences ............................................................. 261

Division 10--Remedies for unauthorised connections to telecommunications networks etc. 262

443........ Civil action for unauthorised connections to telecommunications networks etc.     262

444........ Remedy for contravention of labelling requirements ...................... 263

445........ Remedies for connection of unlabelled customer equipment or unlabelled customer cabling   264

446........ Disconnection of dangerous customer equipment or customer cabling 266

447........ Disconnection of customer equipment or customer cabling--protection of the integrity of networks and facilities ........................................................................................................ 267

448........ Civil action for dangerous connections to telecommunications networks etc.          268

449........ Other remedies not affected ............................................................ 269

Division 11--Prohibited customer equipment and prohibited customer cabling              270

450........ Declaration of prohibited customer equipment or prohibited customer cabling       270

451........ Consultation on proposed declaration ............................................ 271

452........ Operation of prohibited customer equipment or customer cabling 271

Division 12--Pre‑commencement labels                                                        272

453........ Pre‑commencement labels ............................................................... 272

Division 13--Penalties payable instead of prosecution                           273

453A..... Penalties payable instead of prosecution ....................................... 273

Part 22--Numbering of carriage services and regulation of electronic addressing               274

Division 1--Simplified outline                                                                               274

454........ Simplified outline ............................................................................ 274

Division 2--Numbering of carriage services