Navigation Act 1912 Act No. 4 of 1913 as amended This compilation was prepared on 8 July 2008 taking into account amendments up to Act No. 73 of 2008 Volume 3 includes: Table of Contents Schedules 2-9 The text of any of those amendments not in force on that date is appended in the Notes section The operation of amendments that have been incorporated may be affected by application provisions that are set out in the Notes section Contents Schedule 2-Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 1 ARTICLE I 1 ARTICLE II 1 ARTICLE III 1 ARTICLE IV 2 ARTICLE V 2 ARTICLE VI 3 ARTICLE VII 3 ARTICLE VIII 4 ANNEX 5 MODIFICATIONS AND ADDITIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 5 CHAPTER I 5 GENERAL PROVISIONS 5 PART A-APPLICATION, DEFINITIONS, ETC. 5 Regulation 2 5 PART B-SURVEYS AND CERTIFICATES 5 Regulation 6 5 Regulation 7 7 Regulation 8 7 Regulation 10 8 Regulation 11 9 Regulation 14 10 Regulation 19 11 CHAPTER II-1 13 CONSTRUCTION-SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY, MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 13 PART A-GENERAL 13 Regulation 1 13 Regulation 2 14 PART C-MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 14 Regulation 29 14 CHAPTER II-2 17 CONSTRUCTION-FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE EXTINCTION 17 PART A-GENERAL 17 Regulation 1 17 Regulation 3 18 PART E-FIRE SAFETY MEASURES FOR TANKERS 18 Regulation 55 18 Regulation 60 19 CHAPTER V 21 SAFETY OF NAVIGATION 21 Regulation 12 21 Regulation 19 21 Regulation 19-1 21 Regulation 19-2 21 APPENDIX 24 Schedule 3-Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 28 ARTICLE I 28 ARTICLE II 28 ARTICLE III 29 ARTICLE IV 29 ARTICLE V 30 ARTICLE VI 30 ARTICLE VII 31 ARTICLE VIII 31 ARTICLE IX 31 INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972 32 PART A-GENERAL 32 RULE 1 32 RULE 2 33 RULE 3 33 PART B-STEERING AND SAILING RULES 34 SECTION I-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF VISIBILITY 34 RULE 4 34 RULE 5 35 RULE 6 35 RULE 7 36 RULE 8 36 RULE 9 37 RULE 10 37 SECTION II-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER 38 RULE 11 38 RULE 12 38 RULE 13 39 RULE 14 39 RULE 15 40 RULE 16 40 RULE 17 40 RULE 18 41 SECTION III-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY 41 RULE 19 41 PART C-LIGHTS AND SHAPES 42 RULE 20 42 RULE 21 43 RULE 22 43 RULE 23 44 RULE 24 44 RULE 25 45 RULE 26 46 RULE 27 47 RULE 28 48 RULE 29 49 RULE 30 49 RULE 31 50 PART D-SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS 50 RULE 33 50 RULE 34 51 RULE 35 52 RULE 36 53 RULE 37 53 PART E-EXEMPTIONS 53 RULE 38 53 ANNEX I 55 POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES 55 ANNEX II 61 ADDITIONAL SIGNALS FOR FISHING VESSELS FISHING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY 61 ANNEX III 62 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF SOUND SIGNAL APPLIANCES 62 ANNEX IV 65 DISTRESS SIGNALS 65 Schedule 4-Articles of, and Annexes to, the Load Line Convention 66 ARTICLE 1 66 ARTICLE 2 66 ARTICLE 3 67 ARTICLE 4 67 ARTICLE 5 68 ARTICLE 6 68 ARTICLE 7 69 ARTICLE 8 69 ARTICLE 9 70 ARTICLE 10 70 ARTICLE 11 70 ARTICLE 12 71 ARTICLE 13 71 ARTICLE 14 71 ARTICLE 15 72 ARTICLE 16 72 ARTICLE 17 73 ARTICLE 18 73 ARTICLE 19 74 ARTICLE 20 75 ARTICLE 21 75 ARTICLE 22 76 ARTICLE 23 76 ARTICLE 24 76 ARTICLE 25 76 ARTICLE 26 77 ARTICLE 27 77 ARTICLE 28 78 ARTICLE 29 78 ARTICLE 30 80 ARTICLE 31 81 ARTICLE 32 81 ARTICLE 33 82 ARTICLE 34 82 ANNEX I 83 REGULATIONS FOR DETERMINING LOAD LINES 83 CHAPTER I.-GENERAL 83 Regulation 1 83 Regulation 2 83 Regulation 3 84 Regulation 4 87 Regulation 5 87 Regulation 6 87 Regulation 7 90 Regulation 8 90 Regulation 9 91 CHAPTER II.-CONDITIONS OF ASSIGNMENT OF FREEBOARD 92 Regulation 10 92 Regulation 11 92 Regulation 12 92 Regulation 13 93 Regulation 14 93 Regulation 15 93 Regulation 16 96 Regulation 17 97 Regulation 18 97 Regulation 19 98 Regulation 20 98 Regulation 21 99 Regulation 22 99 Regulation 23 100 Regulation 24 100 Regulation 25 102 Regulation 26 103 CHAPTER III.-FREEBOARDS 104 Regulation 27 104 Regulation 28 108 Regulation 29 119 Regulation 30 120 Regulation 31 120 Regulation 32 120 Regulation 33 121 Regulation 34 121 Regulation 35 122 Regulation 36 122 Regulation 37 123 Regulation 38 125 Regulation 39 128 Regulation 40 130 CHAPTER IV.-SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPS ASSIGNED TIMBER FREEBOARDS 132 Regulation 41 132 Regulation 42 132 Regulation 43 132 Regulation 44 133 Regulation 45 135 ANNEX II 136 ZONES, AREAS AND SEASONAL PERIODS 136 Regulation 46 136 Regulation 47 137 Regulation 48 138 Regulation 49 139 Regulation 50 142 Regulation 51 143 Regulation 52 144 ANNEX III 145 CERTIFICATES 145 Schedule 5-International Convention for Safe Containers 150 ARTICLE I 150 ARTICLE II 150 ARTICLE III 151 ARTICLE IV 152 ARTICLE V 152 ARTICLE VI 153 ARTICLE VII 153 ARTICLE VIII 154 ARTICLE IX 154 ARTICLE X 155 ARTICLE XI 156 ARTICLE XII 156 ARTICLE XIII 156 ARTICLE XIV 157 ARTICLE XV 157 ARTICLE XVI 158 ANNEX I 159 REGULATIONS FOR THE TESTING, INSPECTION, APPROVAL AND MAINTENANCE OF CONTAINERS 159 CHAPTER I-REGULATIONS COMMON TO ALL SYSTEMS OF APPROVAL 159 Regulation 1 159 Regulation 2 160 CHAPTER II-REGULATIONS FOR APPROVAL OF NEW CONTAINERS BY DESIGN TYPE 161 Regulation 3 161 Regulation 4 161 Regulation 5 161 Regulation 6 162 Regulation 7 162 CHAPTER III-REGULATIONS FOR APPROVAL OF NEW CONTAINERS BY INDIVIDUAL APPROVAL 163 Regulation 8 163 CHAPTER IV-REGULATIONS FOR APPROVAL OF EXISTING CONTAINERS 164 Regulation 9 164 APPENDIX 165 ANNEX II 167 STRUCTURAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS 167 Schedule 5A-1981 Amendments to Annex I of the International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) 174 CHAPTER I 174 Regulation 2 174 CHAPTER IV 175 Regulation 9 175 Schedule 8-International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 176 ARTICLE 1 176 ARTICLE 2 176 ARTICLE 3 177 ARTICLE 4 178 ARTICLE 5 178 ARTICLE 6 178 ARTICLE 7 179 ARTICLE 8 179 ARTICLE 9 179 ARTICLE 10 180 ARTICLE 11 180 ARTICLE 12 180 ARTICLE 13 181 ARTICLE 14 181 ARTICLE 15 181 ARTICLE 16 182 ARTICLE 17 182 ARTICLE 18 183 ARTICLE 19 185 ARTICLE 20 185 ARTICLE 21 186 ARTICLE 22 186 ANNEX I 187 REGULATIONS FOR DETERMINING GROSS AND NET TONNAGES OF SHIPS 187 Regulation 1 187 Regulation 2 187 Regulation 3 190 Regulation 4 191 Regulation 5 192 Regulation 6 193 Regulation 7 193 ANNEX II 194 CERTIFICATE 194 APPENDIX 1 197 APPENDIX 2 200 Schedule 9 201 PART A 201 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON SALVAGE, 1989 201 Article 1 201 Article 2 202 Article 3 202 Article 4 202 Article 5 202 Article 6 203 Article 7 203 Article 8 203 Article 9 204 Article 10 204 Article 11 204 Article 12 205 Article 13 205 Article 14 206 Article 15 207 Article 16 207 Article 17 207 Article 18 207 Article 19 207 Article 20 208 Article 21 208 Article 22 208 Article 23 209 Article 24 209 Article 25 209 Article 26 209 Article 27 210 Article 28 210 Article 29 210 Article 30 210 Article 31 211 Article 32 211 Article 33 212 Article 34 212 PART B 213 COMMON UNDERSTANDING CONCERNING ARTICLES 13 AND 14 OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON SALVAGE, 1989 213 Schedule 2-Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 Subsection 187A(1) ARTICLE I General Obligations The Parties to the present Protocol undertake to give effect to the provisions of the present Protocol and the Annex hereto which shall constitute an integral part of the present Protocol. Every reference to the present Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to the Annex hereto. ARTICLE II Application 1. The provisions of Articles II, III (other than paragraph (a)), IV, VI (b), (c) and (d), VII and VIII of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (hereinafter referred to as "the Convention") are incorporated in the present Protocol, provided that references in those Articles to the convention and to Contracting Governments shall be taken to mean references to the present Protocol and to the Parties to the present Protocol, respectively. 2. Any ship to which the present Protocol applies shall comply with the provisions of the Convention, subject to the modifications and additions set out in the present Protocol. 3. With respect to the ships of non-parties to the Convention and the present Protocol, the Parties to the present Protocol shall apply the requirements of the Convention and the present Protocol as may be necessary to ensure that no more favourable treatment is given to such ships. ARTICLE III Communication of Information The Parties to the present Protocol undertake to communicate to, and deposit with, the Secretary-General of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Organization"), a list of nominated surveyors or recognized organizations which are authorized to act on their behalf in the administration of measures for safety of life at sea for circulation to the Parties for information of their officers. The Administration shall therefore notify the Organization of the specific responsibilities and conditions of the authority delegated to the nominated surveyors or recognized organizations. ARTICLE IV Signature, Ratification, Acceptance, Approval and Accession 1. The present Protocol shall be open for signature at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 June 1978 to 1 March 1979 and shall thereafter remain open for accession. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article, States may become Parties to the present Protocol by: (a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or (b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or (c) accession. 2. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General of the Organization. 3. The present Protocol may be signed without reservation, ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to only by States which have signed without reservation, ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to the Convention. ARTICLE V Entry into Force 1. The present Protocol shall enter into force six months after the date on which not less than fifteen States, the combined merchant fleets of which constitute not less than fifty per cent of the gross tonnage of the world's merchant shipping, have become Parties to it in accordance with Article IV of the present Protocol, provided however that the present Protocol shall not enter into force before the Convention has entered into force. 2. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the date on which the present Protocol enters into force shall take effect three months after the date of deposit. 3. After the date on which an amendment to the present Protocol is deemed to have been accepted under Article VIII of the Convention, any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited shall apply to the present Protocol as amended. ARTICLE VI Denunciation 1. The present Protocol may be denounced by any Party at any time after the expiry of five years from the date on which the present Protocol enters into force for that party. 2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of denunciation with the Secretary-General of the Organization. 3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after its receipt by the Secretary-General of the Organization. 4. A denunciation of the Convention by a Party shall be deemed to be a denunciation of the present Protocol by that Party. ARTICLE VII Depositary 1. The present Protocol shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Depositary"). 2. The Depositary shall: (a) inform all States which have signed the present Protocol or acceded thereto of: (i) each new signature or deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, together with the date thereof; (ii) the date of entry into force of the present Protocol; (iii) the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of the present Protocol together with the date on which it was received and the date on which the denunciation takes effect; (b) transmit certified true copies of the present Protocol to all States which have signed the present Protocol or acceded thereto. 3. As soon as the present Protocol enters into force, a certified true copy thereof shall be transmitted by the Depositary to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. ARTICLE VIII Languages The present Protocol is established in a single original in the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic. Official translations in the Arabic, German and Italian languages shall be prepared and deposited with the signed original. ANNEX MODIFICATIONS AND ADDITIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS PART A-APPLICATION, DEFINITIONS, ETC. Regulation 2 Definitions The following paragraph is added to the existing text: (n) "Age of a ship" means the elapsed period of time determined from the year of build as indicated on the ship's registry papers. PART B-SURVEYS AND CERTIFICATES Regulation 6 Inspection and Survey The existing text of Regulation 6 is replaced by the following: (a) The inspection and survey of ships, so far as regards the enforcement of the provisions of the present Regulations and the granting of exemptions therefrom, shall be carried out by officers of the Administration. The Administration may, however, entrust the inspections and surveys either to surveyors nominated for the purpose or to organizations recognized by it. (b) The Administration shall institute arrangements for unscheduled inspections to be carried out during the period of validity of the certificate. Such inspections shall ensure that the ship and its equipment remain in all respects satisfactory for the service for which the ship is intended. These inspections may be carried out by the Administration's own inspection services, or by nominated surveyors, or by recognized organizations, or by other Parties upon request of the Administration. Where the Administration, under the provisions of Regulations 8 and 10 of this Chapter, establishes mandatory annual surveys, the above unscheduled inspections shall not be obligatory. (c) An Administration nominating surveyors or recognizing organizations to conduct inspections and surveys as set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Regulation shall as a minimum empower any nominated surveyor or recognized organization to: (i) require repairs to a ship, and (ii) carry out inspections and surveys if requested by the appropriate authorities of a Port State. The Administration shall notify the Organization of the specific responsibilities and conditions of the authority delegated to nominated surveyors or recognized organizations. (d) When a nominated surveyor or recognized organization determines that the condition of the ship or its equipment does not correspond substantially with the particulars of the certificate or is such that the ship is not fit to proceed to sea without danger to the ship, or persons on board, such surveyor or organization shall immediately ensure that corrective action is taken and shall in due course notify the Administration. If such corrective action is not taken the relevant certificate should be withdrawn and the Administration shall be notified immediately; and, if the ship is in the port of another Party, the appropriate authorities of the Port State shall also be notified immediately. When an officer of the Administration, a nominated surveyor or recognized organization has notified the appropriate authorities of the Port State, the Government of the Port State concerned shall give such officer, surveyor or organization any necessary assistance to carry out their obligations under this Regulation. When applicable, the Government of the Port State concerned shall ensure that the ship shall not sail until it can proceed to sea, or leave port for the purpose of proceeding to the appropriate repair yard, without danger to the ship or persons on board. (e) In every case, the Administration shall fully guarantee the completeness and efficiency of the inspection and survey, and shall undertake to ensure the necessary arrangements to satisfy this obligation. Regulation 7 Surveys of Passenger Ships The existing text of paragraph (b) (iii) is replaced by the following: (iii) A survey either general or partial, according to the circumstances, shall be made after a repair resulting from investigations prescribed in Regulation 11 of this Chapter, or whenever any important repairs or renewals are made. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the necessary repairs or renewals have been effectively made, that the material and workmanship of such repairs or renewals are in all respects satisfactory, and that the ship complies in all respects with the provisions of the Convention and the present Protocol and of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea in force, and of the laws, decrees, orders and regulations promulgated as a result thereof by the Administration. Regulation 8 Surveys of Life-Saving Appliances and other Equipment of Cargo Ships The existing text of Regulation 8 is replaced by the following: (a) The life-saving appliances, except a radiotelegraph installation in a motor lifeboat or a portable radio apparatus for survival craft, the echo-sounding device, the gyro-compass, the fire- extinguishing appliances and the inert gas system of cargo ships to which Chapters II-1, II-2, III and V of the Convention and the present Protocol apply, shall be subject to initial and subsequent surveys as prescribed for passenger ships in Regulation 7 of Chapter I of the Convention and the present Protocol with the substitution of 24 months for 12 months in sub-paragraph (a) (ii) of that Regulation. The fire control plans in new ships and the pilot ladders, mechanical pilot hoists, lights, shapes and means of making sound signals carried by new and existing ships shall be included in the surveys for the purpose of ensuring that they comply fully with the requirements of the Convention and the present Protocol and, where applicable, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea in force. (b) Intermediate surveys shall be made for tankers of ten years of age and over, within three months before or after the anniversary date of the Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate, to ensure that equipment specified in paragraph (a) of this Regulation has been maintained in accordance with Regulation 11 of this Chapter and that it is in good working condition. Such intermediate surveys shall be endorsed on the Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate issued in accordance with Regulation 12 (a) (iii) of Chapter I of the Convention. Regulation 10 Surveys of Hull, Machinery and Equipment of Cargo Ships The existing text of Regulation 10 is replaced by the following: (a) The hull, machinery and equipment (other than items in respect of which Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates, Cargo Ship Safety Radiotelegraphy Certificates or Cargo Ship Radiotelephony Certificates are issued) of a cargo ship shall be surveyed on completion and thereafter in such a manner as the Administration may consider necessary in order to ensure that their condition is in all respects satisfactory and at the following intervals: (i) at intervals specified by the Administration but not exceeding five years (periodical surveys); (ii) in addition to such periodical surveys a tanker of ten years of age and over shall undergo a minimum of one intermediate survey during the period of validity of its Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate. In cases where only one such intermediate survey is carried out in any one certificate validity period, it shall be held not before six months prior to, nor later than six months after, the half-way date of the certificate's period of validity. (b) The initial and periodical survey shall be such as to ensure that the arrangements material and scantlings of the structure, boilers and other pressure vessels, their appurtenances, main and auxiliary machinery including steering gear and associated control systems, electrical installation and other equipment are in all respects satisfactory for the service for which the ship is intended. Such surveys shall, in the case of tankers, also include inspection of the outside of the ship's bottom, pump rooms, cargo and bunker piping systems, vent piping, pressure vacuum valves and flame screens. (c) The intermediate survey of tankers of ten years of age and over shall include inspection of steering gear equipment and associated control systems, pump rooms, cargo and bunker piping systems on deck and in pump rooms, vent piping, pressure vacuum valves and flame screens, the electrical installations in dangerous zones, and the outside of the ship's bottom. In addition to the visual inspection of the electrical installation, the insulation resistance of the electrical equipment in dangerous zones is to be tested. If, upon examination, there should be any doubt as to the condition of the piping, extra measures, such as pressure tests and thickness determination, shall be taken as necessary. Such intermediate surveys shall be endorsed on the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate issued in accordance with Regulation 12 (a) (ii) of Chapter I of the Convention. (d) A survey, either general or partial according to the circumstances, shall be made when required after an investigation prescribed in Regulation 11 of this Chapter, or whenever any important repairs or renewals are made. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the necessary repairs or renewals have been effectively made, that the material and workmanship of such repairs or renewals are in all respects satisfactory, and that the ship is fit to proceed to sea without danger to the ship or persons on board. Regulation 11 Maintenance of Conditions after Survey The existing text of Regulation 11 is replaced by the following: (a) The condition of the ship and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of the Convention and the present Protocol to ensure that the ship in all respects will remain fit to proceed to sea without danger to the ship or persons on board. (b) After any survey of the ship under Regulations 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 of Chapter I of the Convention and the present Protocol has been completed, no change shall be made in the structural arrangement, machinery, equipment and other items covered by the survey, without the sanction of the Administration. (c) Whenever an accident occurs to a ship or a defect is discovered, either of which affects the safety of the ship or the efficiency or completeness of its life-saving appliances or other equipment, the master or owner of the ship shall report at the earliest opportunity to the Administration, the nominated surveyor or recognized organization responsible for issuing the relevant certificate, who shall cause investigations to be initiated to determine whether a survey, as required by Regulations 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 of Chapter I of the Convention and the present Protocol, is necessary. If the ship is in a port of another Party, the master or owner shall also report immediately to the appropriate authorities of the Port State and the nominated surveyor or recognized organization shall ascertain that such a report has been made. Regulation 14 Duration and Validity of Certificates The existing text of Regulation 14 is replaced by the following: (a) Certificates other than the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate, the Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate and any Exemption Certificate shall be issued for a period not exceeding 12 months. The Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate shall be issued for a period not exceeding five years. The Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate shall be issued for a period not exceeding 24 months. Exemption Certificates shall not be valid for longer than the period of the certificates to which they refer. (b) No extension of the five-year period of validity of the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate shall be permitted. (c) If a survey takes place within two months before the end of the period for which a Cargo Ship Safety Radiotelegraphy Certificate or a Cargo Ship Safety Radiotelephony Certificate issued in respect of cargo ships of 300 tons gross tonnage and upwards, but less than 500 tons gross tonnage, was originally issued, that certificate may be withdrawn, and a new certificate may be issued which shall expire 12 months after the end of the said period. (d) If the ship at the time when a certificate, other than that referred to in paragraph (b) of this Regulation, expires is not in a port of the country in which it is registered or is to be surveyed, the Administration may extend the certificate, but such extension shall be granted only for the purpose of allowing the ship to complete its voyage to the country in which it is registered or is to be surveyed, and then only in cases where it appears proper and reasonable to do so. (e) No certificate shall be extended under the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Regulation for a longer period than five months, and a ship to which an extension is granted shall not, on its arrival in the country in which it is registered or the port in which it is to be surveyed, be entitled by virtue of such extension to leave that port or country without having obtained a new certificate. (f) A certificate, other than that referred to in paragraph (b) of this Regulation, which has not been extended under the foregoing provisions of this Regulation, may be extended by the Administration for a period of grace up to one month from the date of expiry stated on it. (g) A certificate shall cease to be valid: (i) if the inspections and surveys are not carried out within the periods specified under Regulations 7 (a), 8, 9 and 10 (a) of Chapter I of the Convention and the present Protocol or as they may have been extended in accordance with paragraphs (d), (e) or (f) of this Regulation, or (ii) upon transfer of the ship to the flag of another Government. A new certificate shall only be issued when the Government issuing the new certificate is fully satisfied that the ship is in compliance with the requirements of Regulation 11 (a) and (b) of this Chapter. In the case of a transfer between Parties, if requested within three months after the transfer has taken place, the Government of the Party whose flag the ship was formerly entitled to fly shall, as soon as possible, transmit to the Administration copies of the certificates carried by the ship before the transfer and, if available, copies of the relevant survey reports. Regulation 19 Control The existing text of Regulation 19 is replaced by the following: (a) Every ship when in a port of another Party is subject to control by officers duly authorized by such Government in so far as this control is directed towards verifying that the certificates issued under Regulation 12 or Regulation 13 of Chapter I of the Convention are valid. (b) Such certificates, if valid, shall be accepted unless there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the ship or of its equipment does not correspond substantially with the particulars of any of the certificates or that the ship and its equipment are not in compliance with the provisions of Regulation 11 (a) and (b) of this Chapter. (c) In the circumstances given in paragraph (b) of this Regulation or where a certificate has expired or ceased to be valid, the officer carrying out the control shall take steps to ensure that the ship shall not sail until it can proceed to sea or leave the port for the purpose of proceeding to the appropriate repair yard without danger to the ship or persons on board. (d) In the event of this control giving rise to an intervention of any kind, the officer carrying out the control shall forthwith inform, in writing, the Consul or, in his absence, the nearest diplomatic representative of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly of all the circumstances in which intervention was deemed necessary. In addition, nominated surveyors or recognized organizations responsible for the issue of the certificates shall also be notified. The facts concerning the intervention shall be reported to the Organization. (e) The Port State authority concerned shall notify all relevant information about the ship to the authorities of the next port of call, in addition to parties mentioned in paragraph (d) of this Regulation, if it is unable to take action as specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this Regulation or if the ship has been allowed to proceed to the next port of call. (f) When exercising control under this Regulation all possible efforts shall be made to avoid a ship being unduly detained or delayed. If a ship is thereby unduly detained or delayed it shall be entitled to compensation for any loss or damage suffered. CHAPTER II-1 CONSTRUCTION-SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY, MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS PART A-GENERAL Regulation 1 Application The following sub-paragraphs are added to the existing text of paragraph (b): (iii) Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-paragraph (ii) of this paragraph and sub-paragraph (a) (iii) of this Regulation, for the purposes of paragraph (d) of Regulation 29 of this Chapter, a new tanker means a tanker: (1) for which the building contract is placed after 1 June 1979; or (2) in the absence of a building contract, the keel of which is laid, or which is at a similar stage of construction after 1 January 1980; or (3) the delivery of which is after 1 June 1982; or (4) which has undergone an alteration or modification of a major character: (a) for which the contract is placed after 1 June 1979; or (b) in the absence of a contract, the construction work of which is begun after 1 January 1980; or (c) which is completed after 1 June 1982. (iv) For the purposes of paragraph (d) of Regulation 29 of this Chapter, an existing tanker is a tanker which is not a new tanker as defined in sub-paragraph (iii) of this paragraph. (v) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (iii) of this paragraph, conversion of an existing tanker of 20,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards to meet the requirements of the present Protocol or the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, shall not be deemed to constitute an alteration or modification of a major character. Regulation 2 Definitions The following paragraphs are added to the existing text: (k) The remote steering gear control system is the means by which required rudder movements are transmitted from the navigating bridge to the steering gear power unit controls. (l) The main steering gear is the machinery, the steering gear power units, if any, and ancillary equipment and the means of applying torque to the rudder stock (e.g. tiller or quadrant) necessary for effecting movement of the rudder for the purpose of steering the ship under normal service conditions. (m) The steering gear power unit is: (i) in the case of electric steering gear, an electric motor and its associated electrical equipment; (ii) in the case of electro-hydraulic steering gear, an electric motor and its associated electrical equipment and connected pump; (iii) in the case of other hydraulic steering gear, a driving engine and connected pump. (n) The auxiliary steering gear is that equipment which is provided for effecting movement of the rudder for the purpose of steering the ship in the event of failure of the main steering gear. PART C-MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Regulation 29 Steering Gear The following paragraph is added to the existing text: (d) Tankers only (i) The following shall apply to every new tanker of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards and, not later than two years from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol, to every existing tanker of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards: (1) two remote steering gear control systems shall be provided, each of which shall be operable separately from the navigating bridge. This does not require duplication of the steering wheel or steering lever. In the event of failure of the remote steering gear control system in operation, the other system shall be capable of being brought into immediate operation from a position on the navigating bridge. Each remote steering gear control system, if electric, shall be served by its own separate circuit supplied from the steering gear power circuit from a point within the steering gear compartment. In the event of failure of electrical power supply to a remote steering gear control system an alarm shall be given on the navigating bridge. The alarms required in this sub-paragraph shall be both audible and visual and situated in a position on the navigating bridge where they can be readily observed; (2) control of the main steering gear shall also be provided in the steering gear compartment; (3) means shall be provided in the steering gear compartment to disconnect the remote steering gear control system from the power circuit; (4) a means of communication shall be provided between the navigating bridge and the steering gear compartment; (5) the exact angular position of the rudder shall be indicated on the navigating bridge. The rudder angle indication shall be independent of the remote steering gear control system; and (6) the angular position of the rudder shall be recognizable in the steering gear compartment. (ii) In every new tanker of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards, in addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) and sub- paragraph (d) (i) of this Regulation, the following shall apply: (1) the main steering gear shall comprise two or more identical power units and it shall be capable of operating the rudder as required by sub-paragraph (d) (ii) (2) of this Regulation while operating with one or more power units. As far as reasonable and practicable, the main steering gear shall be so arranged that a single failure in its piping or in one of the power units will not impair the integrity of the remaining part of the steering gear. All mechanical couplings which are part of the steering gear and the mechanical connexion with any remote steering gear control system, if any, shall be of sound and reliable construction to the satisfaction of the Administration; (2) the main steering gear shall, with the ship at its deepest sea- going draught, be capable of putting the rudder over from 35 degrees on one side to 35 degrees on the other side with the ship running ahead at maximum service speed. The rudder shall be capable of being put over from 35 degrees on either side to 30 degrees on the other side in not more than 28 seconds, under the same conditions; (3) the main steering gear shall be operated by power where necessary to fulfil the requirements of sub-paragraph (d) (ii) (2) of this Regulation; (4) the main steering gear power units shall be arranged to start automatically when power is restored after a power failure; (5) in the event of failure of any of the steering gear power units an alarm shall be given on the navigating bridge. Every steering gear power unit shall be capable of being brought into operation either automatically or manually from a position on the navigating bridge; and (6) an alternative power supply, at least sufficient to supply a steering gear power unit so as to enable it to move the rudder as specified below, and also to supply its associated remote steering gear control system and the rudder angle indicator, shall be provided, automatically, within 45 seconds, either from the emergency source of electrical power, or from another independent source of power located in the steering gear compartment. This independent source of power shall be used only for this purpose and shall have a capacity sufficient for half an hour of continuous operation. The steering gear power unit, when being supplied by the alternative power supply, shall at least be capable of putting the rudder over from 15 degrees on one side to 15 degrees on the other side in not more than 60 seconds with the ship at its deepest sea-going draught while running at one half of its maximum service speed ahead or 7 knots, whichever is the greater. CHAPTER II-2 CONSTRUCTION-FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE EXTINCTION PART A-GENERAL Regulation 1 Application The following sub-paragraphs are added to the existing text of paragraph (a): (iv) Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-paragraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, for the purposes of paragraph (a) (ii) of Regulation 55 and of Regulation 60 of this Chapter, a new tanker means a tanker: (1) for which the building contract is placed after 1 June 1979; or (2) in the absence of a building contract, the keel of which is laid, or which is at a similar stage of construction after 1 January 1980; or (3) the delivery of which is after 1 June 1982; or (4) which has undergone an alteration or modification of a major character: (a) for which the contract is placed after 1 June 1979; or (b) in the absence of a contract, the construction work of which is begun after 1 January 1980; or (c) which is completed after 1 June 1982. (v) For the purposes of paragraph (a) (ii) of Regulation 55 and of Regulation 60 of this Chapter, an existing tanker is a tanker which is not a new tanker as defined in sub-paragraph (iv) of this paragraph. (vi) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (iv) of this paragraph, conversion of an existing tanker of 20,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards to meet the requirements of the present Protocol or the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 shall not be deemed to constitute an alteration or modification of a major character. Regulation 3 Definitions The existing text of paragraph (v) is replaced by the following: (v) "Lightweight" means the displacement of a ship in metric tons without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh water and feed water in tanks, consumable stores, and passengers and crew and their effects. The following paragraph is added to the existing text: (x) "Crude oil" means any oil occurring naturally in the earth whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation and includes: (i) crude oil from which certain distillate fractions may have been removed; and (ii) crude oil to which certain distillate fractions may have been added. PART E-FIRE SAFETY MEASURES FOR TANKERS Regulation 55 Application The existing text of this Regulation is replaced by the following: (a) Unless expressly provided otherwise: (i) this Part shall apply to all new tankers carrying crude oil and petroleum products having a flashpoint not exceeding 60°C (140°F) (closed cup test) as determined by an approved flashpoint apparatus and a Reid vapour pressure which is below atmospheric pressure and other liquid products having a similar fire hazard; and (ii) in addition, all ships covered by this Part shall comply with the requirements of Regulations 52, 53 and 54 of Chapter II-2 of the Convention except that fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces shall not be used for new tankers and for those existing tankers complying with Regulation 60 of this Chapter. For existing tankers not required to comply with Regulation 60, the Administration, in applying the requirements of paragraph (f) of Regulation 52, may accept a froth system capable of discharging froth internally or externally to the tanks. The details of the installation shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration. (b) Where cargoes other than those referred to in sub-paragraph (a) (i) of this Regulation which introduce additional fire hazards are intended to be carried, additional safety measures shall be required to the satisfaction of the Administration. (c) Combination carriers shall not carry solid cargoes unless all cargo tanks are empty of oil and gas freed or unless, in each case, the Administration is satisfied with the arrangements provided. Regulation 60 Cargo Tank Protection The existing text of this Regulation is replaced by the following: (a) For new tankers of 20,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards, the protection of the cargo tanks deck area and cargo tanks shall be achieved by a fixed deck froth system and a fixed inert gas system in accordance with the requirements of Regulations 61 and 62 of Chapter II-2 of the Convention except that in lieu of the above installations the Administration, after having given consideration to the ship's arrangement and equipment, may accept other combinations of fixed installations if they afford protection equivalent to the above, in accordance with Regulation 5 of Chapter I of the Convention. (b) To be considered equivalent, the system proposed in lieu of the deck froth system shall: (i) be capable of extinguishing spill fires and also preclude ignition of spilled oil not yet ignited; and (ii) be capable of combating fires in ruptured tanks. (c) To be considered equivalent, the system proposed in lieu of the fixed inert gas system shall: (i) be capable of preventing dangerous accumulations of explosive mixtures in intact cargo tanks during normal service throughout the ballast voyage and necessary in-tank operations; and (ii) be so designed as to minimize the risk of ignition from the generation of static electricity by the system itself. (d) Any existing tanker of 20,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil shall be fitted with an inert gas system, complying with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this Regulation, not later than a date: (i) for a tanker of 70,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards, two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol; and (ii) for a tanker of less than 70,000 metric tons deadweight, four years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol, except that for tankers less than 40,000 tons deadweight not fitted with tank washing machines having an individual throughput of greater than 60 cubic metres per hour, the Administration may exempt existing tankers from the requirements of this paragraph, if it would be unreasonable and impracticable to apply these requirements, taking into account the ship's design characteristics. (e) Any existing tanker of 40,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards engaged in the trade of carrying oil other than crude oil and any such tanker of 20,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards engaged in the trade of carrying oil other than crude oil fitted with tank washing machines having an individual throughput of greater than 60 cubic metres per hour shall be fitted with an inert gas system, complying with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this Regulation, not later than a date: (i) for a tanker of 70,000 metric tons deadweight and upwards, two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol; and (ii) for a tanker of less than 70,000 metric tons deadweight, four years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol. (f) Any tanker operating with a cargo tank cleaning procedure using crude oil washing shall be fitted with an inert gas system complying with the requirements of Regulation 62 of Chapter II-2 of the Convention and with fixed tank washing machines. (g) All tankers fitted with a fixed inert gas system shall be provided with a closed ullage system. (h) Any new tanker of 2,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards not covered by paragraph (a) of this Regulation shall be provided with a froth system, capable of discharging froth internally or externally, to the tanks. The details of such installation shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration. CHAPTER V SAFETY OF NAVIGATION Regulation 12 Shipborne Navigational Equipment The existing text of paragraph (a) is replaced by the following: (a) All ships of 1,600 tons gross tonnage and upwards but less than 10,000 tons gross tonnage shall be fitted with at least one radar. All ships of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards shall be fitted with at least two radars, each capable of operating independently of the other. All radars fitted in compliance with this Regulation shall be of a type approved by the Administration and shall conform to operational standards not inferior to those adopted by the Organization. Facilities for plotting radar readings shall be provided on the bridge in those ships. Regulation 19 Use of the Automatic Pilot The following paragraph is added to the existing text: (d) The manual steering shall be tested after prolonged use of the automatic pilot, and before entering areas where navigation demands special caution. The following new Regulations are added to this Chapter: Regulation 19-1 Operation of Steering Gear In areas where navigation demands special caution, ships shall have more than one steering gear power unit in operation when such units are capable of simultaneous operation. Regulation 19-2 Steering Gear-Testing and Drills (a) Within 12 hours before departure, the ship's steering gear shall be checked and tested by the ship's crew. The test procedure shall include, where applicable, the operation of the following. (i) the main steering gear; (ii) the auxiliary steering gear; (iii) the remote steering gear control systems; (iv) the steering positions located on the navigating bridge; (v) the emergency power supply; (vi) the rudder angle indicators in relation to the actual position of the rudder; (vii) the remote steering gear control system power failure alarms; and (viii) the steering gear power unit failure alarms. (b) The checks and tests shall include: (i) the full movement of the rudder according to the required capabilities of the steering gear; (ii) a visual inspection of the steering gear and its connecting linkage; and (iii) the operation of the means of communication between the navigating bridge and steering gear compartment. (c) (i) Simple operating instructions with a block diagram showing the change-over procedures for remote steering gear control systems and steering gear power units shall be permanently displayed on the navigating bridge and in the steering gear compartment. (ii) All officers concerned with the operation and/or maintenance of steering gear shall be familiar with the operation of the steering systems fitted on the ship and with the procedures for changing from one system to another. (d) In addition to the routine checks and tests prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Regulation, emergency steering drills shall take place at least once every three months in order to practise emergency steering procedures. These drills shall include direct control from within the steering gear compartment, the communications procedure with the navigating bridge and, where applicable, the operation of alternative power supplies. (e) The Administration may waive the requirement to carry out the checks and tests prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Regulation for ships which regularly ply on voyages of short duration. Such ships shall carry out these checks and tests at least once every week. (f) The date upon which the checks and tests prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Regulation are carried out and the date and details of emergency steering drills carried out under paragraph (d) of this Regulation, shall be recorded in the log book as may be prescribed by the Administration. APPENDIX Form of Safety Construction Certificate for Cargo Ships The following form of Supplement is added to the existing form: SUPPLEMENT TO THE CARGO SHIP SAFETY CONSTRUCTION CERTIFICATE (Official Seal) (Country) Issued under the provisions of the PROTOCOL OF 1978 RELATING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 |Name of |Distincti|Port of |Deadweight |Year of | |Ship |ve Number|Registry |of Ship |Build | | |or | |(metric | | | |Letters | |tons) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Type of ship: Tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil* Tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil other than crude oil* Tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude/other oil* Cargo ship other than a tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil* Date of contract for building or alteration or modification of a major character Date on which keel was laid or ship was at a similar stage of construction or on which an alteration or modification of a major character was commenced Date of delivery or completion of an alteration or modification of a major character * Delete as appropriate. This Supplement shall be permanently attached to the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate. THIS IS TO CERTIFY: That the ship has been surveyed in accordance with Regulation 10 of Chapter I of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974; and that the survey showed that the condition of the hull, machinery and equipment as defined in the above Regulation was in all respects satisfactory and that the ship complied with the requirements of that Protocol. This certificate is valid until subject to intermediate survey(s) at intervals of Issued at (Place of issue of certificate) 19............ (Signature of duly authorized official issuing the certificate) (Seal or stamp of the issuing Authority, as appropriate) INTERMEDIATE SURVEY This is to certify that at an intermediate survey required by Regulation 10 of Chapter I of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, this ship was found to comply with the relevant provisions of that Protocol. Signed (Signature of duly authorized official) Place. Date Next intermediate survey due (Seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate) Signed (Signature of duly authorized official) Place Date Next intermediate survey due (Seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate) Signed (Signature of duly authorized official) Place Date Next intermediate survey due (Seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate) Signed (Signature of duly authorized official) Place Date (Seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate) Form of Safety Equipment Certificate for Cargo Ships The following form of Supplement is added to existing form: SUPPLEMENT TO THE CARGO SHIP SAFETY EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATE (Official Seal) (Country) Issued under the provisions of the PROTOCOL OF 1978 RELATING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 |Name of |Distincti|Port of |Deadweight |Year of | |Ship |ve Number|Registry|of Ship |Build | | |or | |(metric | | | |Letters | |tons) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Type of ship: Tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil* Tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil other than crude oil* Tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude/other oil* Cargo ship other than a tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil* Date of contract for building or alteration or modification of a major character Date on which keel was laid or ship was at a similar stage of construction or on which an alteration or modification of a major character was commenced Date of delivery or completion of an alteration or modification of a major character * Delete as appropriate. This Supplement shall be permanently attached to the Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate. THIS IS TO CERTIFY: That the ship has been surveyed in accordance with Regulation 8 of Chapter I of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974; and that the survey showed that the condition of the safety equipment as defined in the above Regulation was in all respects satisfactory and that the ship complied with the requirements of that Protocol. This certificate is valid until subject to intermediate survey(s) at intervals of Issued at (Place of issue of certificate) 19 (Signature of duly authorized official issuing the certificate) (Seal or stamp of the issuing Authority, as appropriate) INTERMEDIATE SURVEY This is to certify that at an intermediate survey required by Regulation 8 of Chapter I of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, the ship was found to comply with the relevant provisions of that Protocol. Signed (Signature of duly authorized official) Place Date Next intermediate survey due (Seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate) Signed (Signature of duly authorized official) Place Date (Seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate) Under the provisions of Regulation 14 of Chapter I of the Protocol the validity of this Certificate is extended until Signed (Signature of duly authorized official) Place Date (Seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate) Schedule 3-Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 Subsection 187A(1) ARTICLE I General Obligations The Parties to the present Convention undertake to give effect to the Rules and other Annexes constituting the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, (hereinafter referred to as "the Regulations") attached hereto. ARTICLE II Signature, Ratification, Acceptance, Approval and Accession 1. The present Convention shall remain open for signature until 1 June 1973 and shall thereafter remain open for accession. 2. States Members of the United Nations, or of any of the Specialized Agencies, or the International Atomic Energy Agency, or Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may become Parties to this Convention by: (a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; (b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or (c) accession. 3. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Organization") which shall inform the Governments of States that have signed or acceded to the present Convention of the deposit of each instrument and of the date of its deposit. ARTICLE III Territorial Application 1. The United Nations in cases where they are the administering authority for a territory or any Contracting Party responsible for the international relations of a territory may at any time by notification in writing to the Secretary-General of the Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Secretary-General"), extend the application of this Convention to such a territory. 2. The present Convention shall, upon the date of receipt of the notification or from such other date as may be specified in the notification, extend to the territory named therein. 3. Any notification made in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article may be withdrawn in respect of any territory mentioned in that notification and the extension of this Convention to that territory shall cease to apply after one year or such longer period as may be specified at the time of the withdrawal. 4. The Secretary-General shall inform all Contracting Parties of the notification of any extension or withdrawal of any extension communicated under this Article. ARTICLE IV Entry into force 1. (a) The present Convention shall enter into force twelve months after the date on which at least 15 States, the aggregate of whose merchant fleets constitutes not less than 65 per cent by number or by tonnage of the world fleet of vessels of 100 gross tons and over have become Parties to it, whichever is achieved first. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph, the present Convention shall not enter into force before 1 January 1976. 2. Entry into force for States which ratify, accept, approve or accede to this Convention in accordance with Article II after the conditions prescribed in sub-paragraph 1 (a) have been met and before the Convention enters into force, shall be on the date of entry into force of the Convention. 3. Entry into force for States which ratify, accept, approve or accede after the date on which this Convention enters into force, shall be on the date of deposit of an instrument in accordance with Article II. 4. After the date of entry into force of an amendment to this Convention in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article VI, any ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall apply to the Convention as amended. 5. On the date of entry into force of this Convention, the Regulations replace and abrogate the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1960. 6. The Secretary-General shall inform the Governments of States that have signed or acceded to this Convention of the date of its entry into force. ARTICLE V Revision Conference 1. A Conference for the purpose of revising this Convention or the Regulations or both may be convened by the Organization. 2. The Organization shall convene a Conference of Contracting Parties for the purpose of revising this Convention or the Regulations or both at the request of not less than one-third of the Contracting Parties. ARTICLE VI Amendments to the Regulations 1. Any amendment to the Regulations proposed by a Contracting Party shall be considered in the Organization at the request of that Party. 2. If adopted by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting in the Maritime Safety Committee of the Organization, such amendment shall be communicated to all Contracting Parties and Members of the Organization at least six months prior to its consideration by the Assembly of the Organization. Any Contracting Party which is not a Member of the Organization shall be entitled to participate when the amendment is considered by the Assembly. 3. If adopted by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting in the Assembly, the amendment shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to all Contracting Parties for their acceptance. 4. Such an amendment shall enter into force on a date to be determined by the Assembly at the time of its adoption unless, by a prior date determined by the Assembly at the same time, more than one-third of the Contracting Parties notify the Organization of their objection to the amendment. Determination by the Assembly of the dates referred to in this paragraph shall be by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. 5. On entry into force any amendment shall, for all Contracting Parties which have not objected to the amendment, replace and supersede any previous provision to which the amendment refers. 6. The Secretary-General shall inform all Contracting Parties and Members of the Organization of any request and communication under this Article and the date on which any amendment enters into force. ARTICLE VII Denunciation 1. The present Convention may be denounced by a Contracting Party at any time after the expiry of five years from the date on which the Convention entered into force for that Party. 2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with the Organization. The Secretary-General shall inform all other Contracting Parties of the receipt of the instrument of denunciation and of the date of its deposit. 3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument, after its deposit. ARTICLE VIII Deposit and Registration 1. The present Convention and the Regulations shall be deposited with the Organization, and the Secretary-General shall transmit certified true copies thereof to all Governments of States that have signed this Convention or acceded to it. 2. When the present Convention enters into force, the text shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. ARTICLE IX Languages The present Convention is established, together with the Regulations, in a single copy in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic. Official translations in the Russian and Spanish languages shall be prepared and deposited with the signed original. INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972 PART A-GENERAL RULE 1 Application (a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. (b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules. (c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules. (d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules. (e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, without interfering with the special function of the vessel, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect to that vessel. RULE 2 Responsibility (a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. (b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. RULE 3 General Definitions For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires: (a) The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. (b) The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery. (c) The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used. (d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability. (e) The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water. (f) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. (g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The following vessels shall be regarded as vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre: (i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline; (ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations; (iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway; (iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft; (v) a vessel engaged in minesweeping operations; (vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course. (h) The term "vessel constrained by her draught" means a power- driven vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth of water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following. (i) The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. (j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. (k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other. (l) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes. PART B-STEERING AND SAILING RULES SECTION I-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF VISIBILITY RULE 4 Application Rules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility. RULE 5 Look-out Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision. RULE 6 Safe speed Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account: (a) By all vessels: (i) the state of visibility; (ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels; (iii) the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions; (iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights; (v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards; (vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water. (b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar: (i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment; (ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use; (iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference; (iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range; (v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar; (vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity. RULE 7 Risk of Collision (a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist. (b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects. (c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information. (d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account: (i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change; (ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range. RULE 8 Action to avoid collision (a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship. (b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided. (c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation. (d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear. (e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion. RULE 9 Narrow channels (a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable. (b) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway. (c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway. (d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34 (d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel. (e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 (c) (i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 (c) (ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34 (d). (ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13. (f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 (e). (g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel. RULE 10 Traffic separation schemes (a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization. (b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall: (i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane; (ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone; (iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from the side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable. (c) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow. (d) Inshore traffic zones shall not normally be used by through traffic which can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. (e) A vessel, other than a crossing vessel, shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except: (i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger; (ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone. (f) A vessel navigating in areas near the termination of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution. (g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations. (h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable. (i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane. (j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane. SECTION II-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER RULE 11 Application Rules in this Section apply to vessels in sight of one another. RULE 12 Sailing vessels (a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows: (i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other; (ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward; (iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other. (b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried. RULE 13 Overtaking (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of this Section any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. (b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights. (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly. (d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear. RULE 14 Head on situation (a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other. (b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel. (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly. RULE 15 Crossing Situation When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. RULE 16 Action by give-way vessel Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear. RULE 17 Action by stand-on vessel (a) (i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed. (ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules. (b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision. (c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with sub-paragraph (a) (ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side. (d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way. RULE 18 Responsibilities between vessels Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require: (a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of: (i) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre; (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing; (iv) a sailing vessel. (b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of: (i) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre; (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing. (c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of: (i) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre. (d) (i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28. (ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition. (e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part. SECTION III-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY RULE 19 Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility (a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility. (b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre. (c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part. (d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided: (i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken; (ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam. (e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over. PART C-LIGHTS AND SHAPES RULE 20 Application (a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers. (b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out. (c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary. (d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day. (e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations. RULE 21 Definitions (a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel. (b) "Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel. (c) "Sternlight" means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel. (d) "Towing light" means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule. (e) "All-round light" means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees. (f) "Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute. RULE 22 Visibility of Lights The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified in Section 8 of Annex I to these Regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges: (a) In vessels of 50 metres or more in length: -a masthead light, 6 miles; -a sidelight, 3 miles; -a sternlight, 3 miles; -a towing light, 3 miles; -a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles. (b) In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres in length: -a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the vessel is less than 20 metres, 3 miles; -a sidelight, 2 miles; -a sternlight, 2 miles; -a towing light, 2 miles; -a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles. (c) In vessels of less than 12 metres in length: -a masthead light, 2 miles; -a sidelight, 1 mile; -a sternlight, 2 miles; -a towing light, 2 miles; -a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles. RULE 23 Power-driven vessels underway (a) A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit: (i) a masthead light forward; (ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so; (iii) sidelights; (iv) a sternlight. (b) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round flashing yellow light. (c) A power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length and whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may, in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round white light. Such vessel shall, if practicable, also exhibit sidelights. RULE 24 Towing and pushing (a) A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit: (i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23 (a) (i), two masthead lights forward in a vertical line. When the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow exceeds 200 metres, three such lights in a vertical line; (ii) sidelights; (iii) a sternlight; (iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight; (v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen. (b) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23. (c) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit: (i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23 (a) (i), two masthead lights forward in a vertical line; (ii) sidelights; (iii) a sternlight. (d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraphs (a) and (c) of this Rule apply shall also comply with Rule 23 (a) (ii). (e) A vessel or object being towed shall exhibit: (i) sidelights; (ii) a sternlight; (iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen. (f) Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel, (i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit at the forward end, sidelights; (ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and at the forward end, sidelights. (g) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (e) of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of the unlighted vessel or object. RULE 25 Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars (a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit: (i) sidelights; (ii) a sternlight. (b) In a sailing vessel of less than 12 metres in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen. (c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule. (d) (i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision. (ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision. (e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards. RULE 26 Fishing vessels (a) A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule. (b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit: (i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above the other; a vessel of less than 20 metres in length may instead of this shape exhibit a basket; (ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light; a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so; (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. (c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit: (i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one above the other; a vessel of less than 20 metres in length may instead of this shape exhibit a basket; (ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear; (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. (d) A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing may exhibit the additional signals described in Annex II to these Regulations. (e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length. RULE 27 Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre (a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit: (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen; (ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen; (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. (b) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in minesweeping operations, shall exhibit: (i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white; (ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond; (iii) when making way through the water, masthead lights, sidelights and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in sub- paragraph (i); (iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30. (c) A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as renders her unable to deviate from her course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (b) (i) and (ii) of this Rule, exhibit the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 24 (a). (d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (b) of this Rule and shall in addition, when an obstruction exists, exhibit: (i) two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate the side on which the obstruction exists; (ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass; (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, masthead lights, sidelights and a sternlight; (iv) a vessel to which this paragraph applies when at anchor shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30. (e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it impracticable to exhibit the shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule, a rigid replica of the International Code flag "A" not less than 1 metre in height shall be exhibited. Measures shall be taken to ensure all-round visibility. (f) A vessel engaged in minesweeping operations shall, in addition to the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23, exhibit three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited at or near the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel to approach closer than 1,000 metres astern or 500 metres on either side of the minesweeper. (g) Vessels of less than 7 metres in length shall not be required to exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule. (h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these Regulations. RULE 28 Vessels constrained by their draught A vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to the lights prescribed for power-driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder. RULE 29 Pilot vessels (a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit: (i) at or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being white and the lower red; (ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight; (iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in sub- paragraph (i), the anchor light, lights or shape. (b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length. RULE 30 Anchored vessels and vessels aground (a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen: (i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball; (ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in sub-paragraph (i), an all-round white light. (b) A vessel of less than 50 metres in length may exhibit an all-round white light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule. (c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more in length shall, also use the available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks. (d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen: (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line; (ii) three balls in a vertical line. (e) A vessel of less than 7 metres in length, when at anchor or aground, not in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (d) of this Rule. RULE 31 Seaplanes Where it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights and shapes of the characteristics or in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this Part she shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and position as is possible. PART D-SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS RULE 32 Definitions (a) The word "whistle" means any sound signalling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations. (b) The term "short blast" means a blast of about one second's duration. (c) The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds' duration. RULE 33 Equipment for sound signals (a) A vessel of 12 metres or more in length shall be provided with a whistle and a bell and a vessel of 100 metres or more in length shall, in addition, be provided with a gong, the tone and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell. The whistle, bell and gong shall comply with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations. The bell or gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the required signals shall always be possible. (b) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signalling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient sound signal. RULE 34 Manoeuvring and warning signals (a) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway, when manoeuvring as authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle: -one short blast to mean "I am altering my course to starboard"; -two short blasts to mean "I am altering my course to port"; -three short blasts to mean "I am operating astern propulsion". (b) Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, whilst the manoeuvre is being carried out: (i) these light signals shall have the following significance: -one flash to mean "I am altering my course to starboard"; -two flashes to mean "I am altering my course to port"; -three flashes to mean "I am operating astern propulsion"; (ii) the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the interval between flashes shall be about one second, and the interval between successive signals shall be not less than ten seconds; (iii) the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an all- round white light, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of Annex I. (c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway: (i) a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule 9 (e) (i) indicate her intention by the following signals on her whistle: -two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean "I intend to overtake you on your starboard side"; -two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts to mean "I intend to overtake you on your port side"; (ii) the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule 9 (e) (i) shall indicate her agreement by the following signal on her whistle: -one prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, in that order. (d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes. (e) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction. (f) If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warning signals. RULE 35 Sound signals in restricted visibility In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows: (a) A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast. (b) A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them. (c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts. (d) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel. (e) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule. (f) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel. (g) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (f) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal. (h) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes. (i) A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (f) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four short blasts. RULE 36 Signals to attract attention If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal authorized elsewhere in these Rules, or may direct the beam of her searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel. RULE 37 Distress signals When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the signals prescribed in Annex IV to these Regulations. PART E-EXEMPTIONS RULE 38 Exemptions Any vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with the requirements of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1960, the keel of which is laid or which is at a corresponding stage of construction before the entry into force of these Regulations may be exempted from compliance therewith as follows: (a) The installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule 22, until four years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (b) The installation of lights with colour specifications as prescribed in Section 7 of Annex I to these Regulations, until four years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (c) The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to metric units and rounding off measurement figures, permanent exemption. (d) (i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less than 150 metres in length, resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3 (a) of Annex I, permanent exemption. (ii) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 metres or more in length, resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3 (a) of Annex I to these Regulations, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (e) The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the prescriptions of Section 2 (b) of Annex I, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (f) The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of Sections 2 (g) and 3 (b) of Annex I, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (g) The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex III, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. ANNEX I POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES 1. Definition The term "height above the hull" means height above the uppermost continuous deck. 2. Vertical positioning and spacing of lights (a) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the masthead lights shall be placed as follows: (i) the forward masthead light, or if only one masthead light is carried, then that light, at a height above the hull of not less than 6 metres, and, if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 metres, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so however that the light need not be placed at a greater height above the hull than 12 metres; (ii) when two masthead lights are carried the after one shall be at least 4.5 metres vertically higher than the forward one. (b) The vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driven vessels shall be such that in all normal conditions of trim the after light will be seen over and separate from the forward light at a distance of 1000 metres from the stem when viewed from sea level. (c) The masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 metres but less than 20 metres in length shall be placed at a height above the gunwale of not less than 2.5 metres. (d) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may carry the uppermost light at a height of less than 2.5 metres above the gunwale. When however a masthead light is carried in addition to sidelights and a sternlight, then such masthead light shall be carried at least 1 metre higher than the sidelights. (e) One of the two or three masthead lights prescribed for a power- driven vessel when engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall be placed in the same position as the forward masthead light of a power-driven vessel. (f) In all circumstances the masthead light or lights shall be so placed as to be above and clear of all other lights and obstructions. (g) The sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed at a height above the hull not greater than three quarters of that of the forward masthead light. They shall not be so low as to be interfered with by deck lights. (h) The sidelights, if in a combined lantern and carried on a power- driven vessel of less than 20 metres in length, shall be placed not less than 1 metre below the masthead light. (i) When the Rules prescribe two or three lights to be carried in a vertical line, they shall be spaced as follows: (i) on a vessel of 20 metres in length or more such lights shall be spaced not less than 2 metres apart, and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required, not be less than 4