Commonwealth of Australia Explanatory Memoranda Commonwealth of Australia Explanatory Memoranda[Index] [Search] [Download] [Bill] [Help]
2004-2005-2006
THE PARLIAMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA
SENATE
FUEL TAX BILL 2006
FUEL TAX (CONSEQUENTIAL AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS) BILL 2006
REVISED EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
(Circulated by authority of the
Treasurer, the Hon Peter Costello MP)
This memorandum takes account of amendments made by the House of
Representatives to the Bills as introduced
Table of contents
Glossary ....................................................................................... 1
General outline and financial impact ....................................................... 3
Chapter 1 Executive summary ....................................................... 7
Chapter 2 Fuel tax credits for businesses and households .......... 23
Chapter 3 Transitional and consequential provisions ................... 67
Chapter 4 Administration ............................................................. 83
Index ..................................................................................... 97
Glossary
The following abbreviations and acronyms are used throughout this
revised explanatory memorandum.
Abbreviation Definition
ATO Australian Taxation Office
BAS business activity statement
Commissioner Commissioner of Taxation
EGCS Energy Grants(Credits) Scheme
GST goods and services tax
GST Act A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax)
Act 1999
TAA 1953 Taxation Administration Act 1953
1
General outline and financial impact
The fuel tax credit system
These Bills provide a single system of fuel tax credits to remove or reduce
the incidence of fuel tax levied on taxable fuels, and a framework for the
taxation of gaseous fuels from 1 July 2011, when fuel tax is levied on
liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and compressed natural gas
for the first time.
Under the fuel tax credit system, all taxable fuel acquired or manufactured
in, or imported into, Australia for use in off-road applications for business
purposes will become tax-free over time. This will, for the first time,
provide fuel tax relief to businesses involved in a range of activities. For
example, businesses involved in manufacturing, quarrying and
construction will become entitled to fuel tax relief. Other major
beneficiaries will include primary production, mining and commercial
power generation. Further, the excise currently levied on burner fuels --
such as heating oil and kerosene -- and on fuels used in commercial and
household electricity generation will be effectively removed from 1 July
2006.
Fuel tax relief will be expanded under the fuel tax credit system for fuel
used in road transport by allowing a partial fuel tax credit for all taxable
fuels, including petrol, acquired or manufactured in, or imported into,
Australia for use on-road for all business purposes in registered vehicles
with a gross vehicle mass of more than 4.5 tonnes. The partial credit will
be equal to the effective fuel tax rate minus a road-user charge.
Concessions, refunds and remissions currently delivered through the
excise and customs system for the use of fuel other than fuel in an internal
combustion engine, will be replaced by fuel tax credits.
Claiming of fuel tax credits for large claimants and operators of on-road
diesel vehicles will be conditional on businesses meeting certain
environmental criteria. Businesses claiming more than $3 million per
year in fuel tax credits will be required to be members of the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme, while diesel heavy vehicles will
need to meet one of four emissions performance criteria to be entitled to a
fuel tax credit.
Fuel tax credits will be claimed by businesses via the business activity
statement (BAS) in the same way as input tax credits are claimed for the
3
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
goods and service tax. Business interactions with the Australian Taxation
Office (ATO) will be simplified and reduced as businesses will have a
single point of contact with the ATO and the necessity of separate claim
forms will be removed.
Separate claiming arrangements from the BAS will apply to non-business
claimants claiming for household use of fuel in electricity generation.
The administration of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 will align
with the administration of the other indirect taxes under the
Taxation Administration Act 1953.
Consequential amendments
The following Acts are amended as a consequence of the implementation
of the fuel tax credit system:
The Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003, the A New Tax System
(Goods and Service Tax) Act 1999, the Taxation Administration Act 1953,
the A New Tax System (Luxury Car Tax) Act 1999, the A New Tax System
(Wine Equalisation Tax) Act 1999, the Crimes (Taxation Offences)
Act 1980, the Freedom of Information Act 1982, the Income Tax
Assessment Act 1936, the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 and the
Taxation (Interest on Overpayments and Early Payments) Act 1983.
The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006 also
repeals the Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000, from 1 January 2007, and the
States Grants (Petroleum Products) Act 1965 from 1 July 2007, in
accordance with the Government's decision to abolish the Fuel Sales
Grants Scheme and the Petroleum Products Freight Subsidy Scheme from
1 July 2006. Claims for outstanding entitlements will be able to be made
for a transitional period before the Acts are repealed.
Date of effect: The fuel tax credit system will be phased in, commencing
1 July 2006, with the final changes taking effect on 1 July 2012.
Proposal announced: These Bills give effect to the Government's
announcement of 15 June 2004 in the energy white paper, Securing
Australia's Energy Future, to introduce a single fuel tax credit system to
replace the current complex system of fuel tax concessions.
4
General outline and financial impact
Financial impact: During the transition in which the proposed changes
are brought in from 10 July 2006 to 1 July 2012, the measure is expected
to cost:
2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012-
07 08 09 10 11 12 13
$m $m $m $m $m $m $m
Off-road credits
Diesel 0 0 260 290 320 340 750
Petrol 0 0 70 70 70 70 120
Electricity generation 100 110 70 70 80 80
On-road credits
Road user charge 210 240 280 320 360 400 450
(energy white paper)
Removal of
120 120 120 110 110 110 100
metropolitan
boundaries criteria
Road user charge 240 280 330 380 430 490 550
(2006-07 Budget)
Burner fuels 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Alternative fuels 4 3 2 1
grants phase-out
Total 270 280 580 620 650 700 1,080
Year of maturity: 2012-2013
A negative sign indicates a cost to the budget (increase in expenditure) a positive number
indicates a saving to the budget (decrease in expenditure).
Discrepancies in the table between sums and totals of components are due to rounding.
Compliance cost impact: The fuel tax credit system will lower
compliance costs, reduce tax on business and remove the burden of fuel
tax from thousands of individual businesses and households.
When the fuel tax credit system is fully implemented there will be a
substantial reduction in compliance costs because of the removal of the
restrictive and complex eligibility criteria that exist under the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme. This will lead to a significant reduction
in record keeping required to substantiate entitlements. In addition,
businesses will no longer have to clarify complex eligibility criteria,
including through costly and time consuming litigation.
5
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
The claiming of fuel tax credits via the BAS will simplify and reduce
business interactions with the ATO as businesses will have a single point
of contact and the necessity of separate claim forms will be removed. In
addition, the alignment of fuel tax credit administrative arrangements with
the administrative and compliance responsibilities for other indirect taxes
will further reduce complexity for business.
Compliance costs for businesses currently claiming energy grants through
third parties or receiving fuel effectively excise-free under the excise
remission arrangements will be rebalanced, as the end users of fuel, rather
than third party fuel suppliers, will claim fuel tax credits directly via the
BAS.
The environmental measures applying to on-road diesel vehicles and large
fuel users may involve additional compliance costs for some businesses.
6
Chapter 1
Executive summary
Outline of chapter
1.1 This chapter provides an overview of the key elements of the
fuel tax credit system for providing fuel tax relief to businesses and
households.
Background: fuel tax reform
1.2 In the energy white paper, Securing Australia's Energy Future,
the Government announced a major programme of reform to modernise
and simplify the fuel tax system. The reform programme will commence
on 1 July 2006, with the introduction of a single fuel tax credit system to
replace the current complex system of fuel tax concessions.
1.3 The changes will lower compliance costs, reduce tax on business
and remove the burden of fuel tax from thousands of individual businesses
and households. Under fuel tax reform the effective application of fuel
tax will be limited to:
· business use of fuel in on-road applications in motor
vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of 4.5 tonnes or less;
· business use on-road in motor vehicles with a gross vehicle
mass of more than 4.5 tonnes (with the exception of a
carve-out intending to preserve previous entitlements for
eligible fuel use in vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of
4.5 tonnes) but only to the extent of the road-user charge;
· for private use on-road in motor vehicles and in certain
off-road applications; and
· aviation fuels (where tax is imposed for cost recovery
reasons).
7
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
1.4 As part of this process, all currently untaxed fuels used in
internal combustion engines will be brought into the fuel tax system over
time with the intention of imposing fuel tax on fuels when they are used in
transport applications.
1.5 Fuel tax will be applied to currently untaxed fuels from
1 July 2011. Effective fuel tax on these fuels will phase in over five equal
annual steps commencing on 1 July 2011 and ending on 1 July 2015. The
final fuel tax rate applying to these fuels will incorporate a 50 per cent
discount on the energy content fuel tax rates that would otherwise apply.
1.6 In developing fuel tax reform, the Government has been guided
by a view that, to the greatest extent practical the fuel tax system should:
· apply in a consistent and transparent way to all relevant
fuels and fuel users;
· be competitively neutral, avoiding instances where taxed
fuels compete with untaxed fuels;
· minimise fuel tax on business inputs;
· minimise compliance and administration costs for business
and government; and
· take account of the government's environmental, social and
fiscal objectives.
The fuel tax credit system
1.7 These Bills provide for the payment of fuel tax credits to
taxpayers to remove or reduce the incidence of fuel tax levied on taxable
fuels.
1.8 This system -- taxing and crediting -- is necessary to deal with
the fact that currently fuel tax is paid by the manufacturer or importer of
the fuel, generally well before its eventual use (whether in a private
vehicle or otherwise). Therefore, the fuel tax is levied under current
arrangements on the assumption that the fuel could be used in a taxable
way, and credits are allowed to reverse the effect of the tax when it
becomes clear that the fuel will be put to a non-taxable use covered by the
legislation.
1.9 From 1 July 2006 fuel tax credits will be claimable by
businesses via the business activity statement (BAS) in the same way as
goods and service tax (GST) input tax credits. Business interactions with
8
Executive Summary
the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) will be simplified and reduced as
businesses will have a single point of ATO contact and the necessity of
separate claim forms will be removed.
1.10 Separate claiming arrangements will apply to non-business
claimants claiming for household use of fuel in electricity generation.
The current arrangements for providing fuel tax relief
1.11 Fuel tax concessions are currently provided under the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003 and the remission, refund and
rebate provisions in the Excise Act 1901 and the Customs Act 1901. The
Government's intention is for the free rate applied to certain drummed and
marked fuels not used as a fuel to be removed from 1 July 2006.
The Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme
1.12 The Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme provides a grant for the use
of diesel fuel (and alternative fuels in the case of the on-road credit) in
activities that are eligible for an off-road credit and an on-road credit. No
credits are provided for the use of petrol.
1.13 Eligibility for the off-road credit under the Energy Grants
(Credits) Scheme is restricted to the business use of diesel and diesel-like
fuels (such as fuel oil and burner fuels) in specified activities. These
activities mainly occur in mining, primary production and rail and marine
transport. Other activities include the generation of electricity at
retail/hospitality and residential premises, and the use of fuel at hospitals,
nursing homes and aged persons homes.
1.14 Eligibility for the on-road credit is confined to the use of diesel
and specified alternative fuels (liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural
gas, compressed natural gas, biodiesel and ethanol). Its purpose is to
reduce transport costs, particularly for regional and rural Australia where
costs are more pronounced. It is also intended to maintain the pre-GST
price relativities between diesel and alternative fuels by providing a credit
for the use of specified alternative fuels in applications that are eligible for
a diesel on-road credit. Eligibility for the on-road credit is restricted to
the use of eligible fuels in vehicles weighing:
· over 20 tonnes gross vehicle mass operating in all areas; and
· between 4.5 tonnes gross vehicle mass and 20 tonnes gross
vehicle mass only when operating outside of or across
defined metropolitan boundaries. The metropolitan
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
boundaries do not apply to emergency vehicles, primary
producers and buses using alternative fuels.
Remission, refunds and rebates
1.15 Section 78 of the Excise Act 1901 allows remissions, rebates and
refunds of excise duty in prescribed circumstances and subject to
prescribed conditions and restrictions. A similar provision is contained in
the Customs Act 1901.
1.16 A remission is a mechanism that allows holders of a remission
certificate to obtain prescribed fuel products fuel tax-free for use in
prescribed circumstances. Remission and refunds commonly relate to
solvent and burner fuel applications, kerosene for some specific fuel uses,
and diesel and petrol substitutes for non-fuel uses.
These Bills and the fuel tax credit system
1.17 The Fuel Tax Bill 2006 combines in one piece of legislation, the
means of providing fuel tax relief to businesses and households. It is
intended that from 1 July 2011, this Bill will also provide the legislative
basis for taxing certain liquefied and compressed gaseous fuels, when fuel
tax is levied on liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and
compressed natural gas for the first time.
1.18 The fuel tax credit reforms will be phased in, commencing
1 July 2006, with the final changes taking effect on 1 July 2012.
1.19 Table 1.1 provides an overview of how fuel tax will apply when
the reforms are fully implemented from 1 July 2012.
10
Executive Summary
Table 1.1
Business use Private use
Use on roads gross vehicle Full fuel tax Full fuel tax payable
mass =4.5 payable
tonnes
gross vehicle Fuel tax
mass >4.5 payable up to
tonnes the amount of
the road-user
charge, the
rest is offset
by a fuel tax
credit
Other use Fuel tax fully offset by a fuel tax Electricity Fuel tax
credit generation fully offset
by a fuel tax
credit
Burner Effectively
applications fuel tax-free
and non- via a fuel
fuel uses tax credit to
business
suppliers
Other Full fuel tax
payable
1.20 Fuel tax will continue to be levied on aviation fuels as the tax is
not imposed for general revenue raising reasons but as a method of cost
recovery for various services and oversights of the aviation industry. A
levy will also continue to be collected on certain lubricant oils under the
Product Stewardship (Oil) Act 2000. This non-hypothecated levy assists
in offsetting the cost of benefits paid to oil recyclers as an incentive to
undertake increased recycling of waste oil.
Application of the fuel tax credit system
Use of fuel in off-road applications
1.21 Under the fuel tax credit system, all fuel acquired or
manufactured in, or imported into, Australia for use in off-road
applications for business purposes will become tax-free over time. In this
context, tax-free treatment occurs through a credit of tax paid -- that is,
the fuel is effectively tax-free (for convenience, the term `tax-free' when
used in this explanatory memorandum means an `effectively fuel tax-free
11
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
status' -- it does not refer to an exemption from fuel tax or a zero actual
rate of tax).
Fuel for electricity generation
1.22 Businesses and households will be entitled to claim a fuel tax
credit for fuel tax payable on all fuels acquired or manufactured in, or
imported into, Australia for use in electricity generation from 1 July 2006.
Fuel for burner applications and non-fuel uses
1.23 All fuels acquired or manufactured in, or imported into,
Australia for use other than in an internal combustion engine will be
effectively fuel tax-free from 1 July 2006. Use of fuel other than in an
internal combustion engine includes:
· fuel used in burner applications such as heating (use as a
fuel);
· diesel fuel used in the manufacture of explosives, in the
calcination process for the production of alumina and as a
flocculent in coal washeries; and
· non-fuel uses such as use as a solvent or in the manufacture
of products such as paint and certain solvents, cleaning
agents and the like.
1.24 Under fuel tax reform, all of the current mechanisms for
delivering fuel tax-free treatment for petroleum products will be removed
by 30 June 2006 and from 1 July 2006 fuel tax will apply to all petroleum
products, including blends of petroleum products suitable for use in an
internal combustion engine. Effective fuel tax-free treatment for these
products where used other than as a fuel in an internal combustion engine
will be delivered by a fuel tax credit to either the user of the fuel, or at
another point in the supply chain, depending on whether the use is
business or private.
1.25 For the business use of petroleum products as burner fuels or in
non-fuel uses, the effective fuel tax-free treatment will be delivered
through a fuel tax credit to the business as the end user of the product.
1.26 Where a petroleum product is used as an ingredient in the
manufacture of another product that cannot be used as a fuel in an internal
combustion engine, for example, paint and certain solvents, printing inks,
cleaning agents, adhesives and the like, the manufacturer (eg, a paint
manufacturer) will be entitled to a fuel tax credit on the petroleum
component. Where the product cannot be used as a fuel in an internal
12
Executive Summary
combustion engine, the Commissioner of Taxation (Commissioner) is not
required to issue a determination under section 95-5 that the product being
a blend of fuel no longer constitutes a fuel.
1.27 In order that private users of these products will not have to
enter the fuel tax credit system, a fuel tax credit will apply further up the
supply chain with the benefit passed on in the price of the product,
ensuring that the product is effectively fuel tax-free for these users. For
products used as burner fuels, such as kerosene and heating oil, the
distributor will be entitled to claim a fuel tax credit for fuel sold to a
private household. For products used in non-fuel applications, such as
kerosene used as a solvent, a fuel credit would be given to the packager of
such products, packaged in containers of a certain size for resale in retail
outlets.
Other uses of fuel in off-road applications
1.28 From 1 July 2006 a fuel tax credit will apply to the acquisition
or manufacture in, or importation into, Australia of diesel and diesel-like
fuels in applications that currently qualify for an off-road credit under the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme.
1.29 From 1 July 2008 the acquisition or manufacture in, or
importation into, Australia of taxable fuel for use in other off-road
applications will become eligible for a 50 per cent fuel tax credit of the
fuel tax paid on the fuel. At the same time the acquisition, manufacture or
importation into Australia of petrol will become eligible for a 100 per cent
fuel tax credit of the fuel tax paid for all uses that were previously eligible
for an off-road credit under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme.
1.30 It is intended that alternative fuels such as biodiesel,
domestically-produced ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed
natural gas and liquefied natural gas begin to incur effective fuel tax from
1 July 2011. From that date the acquisition, manufacture or importation
into Australia of these fuels for use in off-road business applications will
become eligible for a fuel tax credit equivalent to the amount of fuel tax
paid on the fuel.
1.31 Table 1.2 shows the effective fuel tax rates applicable to
alternative fuels during the period from 1 July 2011 to 1 July 2015.
Table 1.2
Fuel type 1 July 1 July 1 July 1 July 1 July
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Biodiesel 3.8 7.6 11.4 15.3 19.1
(cents per
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
litre)
Ethanol 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5
(cents per
litre)
Methanol 1.7 3.4 5.1 6.8 8.5
(cents per
litre)
Liquefied 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5
petroleum
gas
(cents per
litre)
Liquefied 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5
natural gas
(cents per
litre)
Compresse 3.8 7.6 11.4 15.2 19.0
d natural
gas (cents
per m3)
1.32 The acquisition or manufacture in, or importation into, Australia
of all taxable fuels will qualify for a fuel tax credit of the effective fuel tax
paid on the fuel when they are used in off-road business applications from
1 July 2012.
Use of fuel in on-road applications
1.33 From 1 July 2006 the metropolitan boundaries governing
eligibility for on-road credits for heavy vehicles under the Energy Grants
(Credits) Scheme will be removed. This will expand fuel tax relief for
fuel used in road transport by allowing a partial fuel tax credit for all
taxable fuels -- including petrol -- acquired or manufactured in, or
imported into, Australia for use on-road for all business purposes in
registered vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of more than 4.5 tonnes.
The partial credit will be equal to the fuel tax rate minus a road-user
charge.
1.34 The road-user charge is set in accordance with the
National Transport Commission's heavy vehicle charging determination
process. The fuel tax-based charge will be adjusted annually in a similar
fashion to the way that the States and Territories adjust registration fees
for heavy vehicles. Changes to the charge will be made by varying the
level of fuel tax credit paid for fuel used in heavy vehicles.
14
Executive Summary
1.35 The grant available as an on-road credit under the Energy Grants
(Credits) Scheme for fuel used in vehicles of 4.5 tonnes is grandfathered
by a proposed transitional provision that provides a fuel tax credit to fuel
acquired after 30 June 2006 and is used in vehicles of 4.5 tonnes where
the vehicle was acquired before 1 July 2006.
Grants for alternative fuels under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme
1.36 Fuel grants will continue to apply from 1 July 2006 to
30 June 2010 under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme for the purchase
for use of alternative fuels (biodiesel, ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas,
liquefied natural gas and compressed natural gas) in registered vehicles
with a gross vehicle mass of over 4.5 tonnes. The grant rates payable in
respect of these fuels will be reduced to zero in five equal annual steps
commencing on 1 July 2006 and concluding on 1 July 2010.
1.37 Table 1.3 shows the alternative fuel grant rates that will apply
under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme during the phasing-out period.
Table 1.3
Fuel type 1 July 1 July 1 July 1 July 1 July
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Biodiesel 14.808 11.106 7.404 3.702 0.000
(cents per litre)
Ethanol 16.647 12.485 8.324 4.162 0.000
(cents per litre)
Liquefied 9.540 7.155 4.770 2.385 0.000
petroleum gas
(cents per litre)
Liquefied 6.504 4.878 3.252 1.626 0.000
natural gas
(cents per litre)
Compressed 10.094 7.570 5.047 2.523 0.000
natural gas
(cents per m3)
Fuel tax credits for alternative fuels under these Bills
1.38 As fuel tax on alternative fuels is levied at a 50 per cent discount
to the full energy content rate, the tax rates for fuels other than petrol and
diesel are expected to be below the road-user charge for the foreseeable
future. Users of these fuels in on-road applications will not be entitled to
a fuel tax credit until the rate exceeds the road-user charge.
15
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
How will fuel blends be treated?
1.39 The treatment of fuel blends, and the entity able to claim a fuel
tax credit relating to a fuel blend, will depend on whether or not the blend
can be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine.
1.40 The term `use' in section 41-5 is intended to cover use of the
fuel to make a blend that cannot be used as a fuel in an internal
combustion engine. In most instances it will be self evident whether the
blend can be used as a fuel, but to ensure certainty in cases where it is not
self evident, the Commissioner is able to make a determination under
section 95-5 that a blend of a fuel and another product does not constitute
a fuel.
Fuel blends that can be used in an internal combustion engine
1.41 Use of a fuel to make a fuel blend that can be used as a fuel in an
internal combustion engine does not constitute use of the fuel by the
manufacturer of the blend. In these circumstances, the end user of the
blend will be entitled to claim the fuel tax credit for any fuel tax on the
constituents of the blend.
1.42 If the Commissioner has issued a determination under
section 95-5 that the blend no longer constitutes a fuel, the manufacturer
of the blend (and not the end user) is entitled to claim the fuel tax credit
for any fuel tax paid on the constituents of the blend. This is because it is
the manufacturer who uses the taxable fuel. If the blend the manufacturer
produces is determined to not constitute a fuel it is no longer a taxable
fuel and no fuel tax credit is available to purchasers and end users of the
product. Some examples of types of fuel blends where the Commissioner
may determine that the fuel blend no longer constitutes a fuel are certain
solvents, fuel additives and fuel injector cleaners.
Fuel tax credits applying to fuel blends
1.43 Where a fuel blend meets a particular fuel standard, for instance
petrol or diesel, it is treated as having fuel tax paid on it at the rate
applicable to the unblended fuel covered by the standard. For fuel blends
where one of the constituents attracts fuel tax at a discounted rate, such as
a blend of diesel and biodiesel, the result of this treatment would actually
be a fuel tax credit in excess of the fuel tax actually embedded in the price
of the fuel. Where a fuel blend does not meet a fuel standard, the amount
of fuel tax credit will not be more than the actual fuel tax embedded in the
price of the fuels that make up the blend.
16
Executive Summary
Fuel blends that cannot be used in an internal combustion engine
1.44 Use of a fuel to make a fuel blend that cannot be used as a fuel
in an internal combustion engine constitutes fuel use that entitles the
manufacturer of the blend to a credit for any fuel tax paid on the
constituents of the blend. In such instances the end user will have no
entitlement to a fuel tax credit. Generally the efficacy of use of a fuel
blend in an internal combustion engine is clear, for example, paint and
certain solvents, cleaning agents, printing inks, and adhesives cannot be
used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine. However, in less certain
circumstances, the Commissioner can determine that the blend no longer
constitutes a fuel.
Timetable for the implementation of fuel tax reform
1.45 The new fuel tax credit system will commence on 1 July 2006.
Table 1.4 depicts how the fuel tax credit available for different fuel uses
will be phased in over the period of the reform ending 1 July 2012.
Table 1.4
Fuel use 1 July 2006 1 July 2008 1 July 1 July 2012
2011
On-road use All fuels, including Continuing
in vehicles petrol -- a credit to the
with a gross extent that the fuel tax
vehicle mass paid on the fuel
over exceeds the road-user
4.5 tonnes charge
In burner All fuels effectively Continuing
applications fuel tax-free
Use of fuel All fuels effectively Continuing
other than as fuel tax-free
fuel
Activities Diesel, and diesel-like Petrol -- a Continuing
that were fuels -- a full credit of full credit of
previously the effective fuel tax the effective
entitled to an paid on the fuel fuel tax paid
off-road on the fuel
credit under
the Energy
Grants
(Credits)
Scheme
Commercial All fuels, including Continuing
and petrol -- full credit of
household the effective fuel tax
electricity paid on the fuel
17
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Fuel use 1 July 2006 1 July 2008 1 July 1 July 2012
2011
generation
All other Nil All fuels -- Biodiesel, All fuels --
off-road use including ethanol, full credit of
petrol -- liquefied the effective
50% of the petroleum fuel tax paid
effective gas, on the fuel
fuel tax paid liquefied
on the fuel natural gas
and
compresse
d natural
gas -- full
credit of
the
effective
fuel tax
paid on the
fuel
Environmental measures
1.46 As a supplement to measures already in place for addressing the
environmental impact of fuel use, the Government will introduce two new
measures to ensure that those businesses receiving fuel tax credits meet
appropriate environmental standards. These environmental measures are:
· the requirement for large fuel users to be a member of the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme; and
· compliance with emissions performance criteria by vehicles
using diesel fuel in on-road applications.
Membership of the Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme
1.47 Businesses claiming over $3 million each year in fuel tax credits
will need to be members of the Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme.
Under this programme member businesses must measure their greenhouse
gas emissions, develop action plans for greenhouse gas abatement and
report to the Government on their actions.
18
Executive Summary
Compliance with emission performance criteria
1.48 Operators of diesel vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of more
than 4.5 tonnes are required to meet an emissions performance criterion to
be entitled to a fuel tax credit. The vehicle must either:
· have been manufactured after 1 January 1996;
· be part of an accredited audited maintenance programme;
· meet the Australian Transport Council's in-service emission
standard (referred to in the National Environment Protection
(Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure); or
· comply with a Government-endorsed maintenance schedule
which includes an emissions component.
1.49 These criteria are designed to ensure that the operators of diesel
vehicles have an incentive to make sure their vehicle meets the emissions
standard set under the National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle
Emissions) Measure.
1.50 Vehicles used in carrying out a primary production business that
are used primarily on an agricultural property are exempt from
compliance with the performance criteria, as these vehicles do not
generally contribute to urban air quality problems.
Legislative design of the fuel tax credit system
1.51 These Bills will provide fuel tax relief to businesses and
householders. It will also provide a system for the taxation of certain
liquefied and compressed gaseous fuels that are locally produced or
imported, from 1 July 2011, when fuel tax begins to be phased in for
liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and compressed natural gas.
1.52 Under these Bills, fuel tax relief will be provided in the form of
a fuel tax credit for fuel tax embedded in the price of the fuel. The fuel
tax credit for businesses will be expected to be claimed on the BAS (with
transitional early payment arrangements applying between 1 July 2006
and 30 June 2008) and will be offset against an entity's other tax
liabilities. A separate claiming mechanism applies to non-business
taxpayers.
1.53 Under these Bills, an entity will self-assess their entitlement to a
fuel tax credit as they currently do for the purpose of other indirect taxes.
19
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
1.54 Under the fuel tax credit system the accounting and reporting
arrangements for business users of fuel align, as far as possible, with the
existing arrangements under the GST law. This generally means that if a
taxpayer is a business, they:
· have to be registered for the GST to claim a fuel tax credit;
· claim their fuel tax credits on the BAS in the same way that
they claim GST input tax credits;
· apply the same tax periods for fuel tax credits as they apply
for the GST;
· attribute their fuel tax credits to the same tax period as the
GST input tax credit for the acquisition or importation of the
fuel; and
· are subject to special GST rules applying to the way that
their business is organised (eg, grouping) for the purpose of
fuel tax credits.
Coherent principles approach to tax design
1.55 These Bills are drafted using the coherent principles approach to
tax design. This approach delivers on the Government's commitment, as
part of the A New Tax System proposal in 1998, to design the tax laws
using general principles in preference to long and detailed provisions.
1.56 Under coherent principles, the operative legislative provisions
that implement the policy are expressed as principles. They prescribe the
legislative outcome rather than the mechanism that produces it, and
typically avoid the detail that appears in more traditional legislative
design approaches.
1.57 The term `coherent' means that the reader should find the
principles cogent. They may be abstract, but they should convey an idea
that is meaningful to a reader who is familiar with the subject, even if the
principle's full scope is not immediately evident. This approach aims to:
· help the reader make sense and order out of the law;
· capture the essence of the intent of the law, so that it is clear
on first approach;
20
Executive Summary
· write the law in a non-technical style, avoiding the use of
expressions that can only be understood by referring to
definitions or other lower level rules; and
· make the law intuitive or obvious to someone who
understands its intent and context.
1.58 The advantages offered by principled-based tax law is that it:
· is conceptually clearer and usually shorter;
· promotes long-term certainty, by providing a framework for
working out how the law applies to developments that were
not contemplated at the time the law was written; and
· makes the law more stable, with less need for modifications
and changes.
1.59 At times, a coherent principle may be wider in its application
than the policy intent, for example, it may encompass more situations than
desired. Rather than modifying the principle in a way that results in a loss
of coherence, carve-outs from the operation of the principle are used.
1.60 Alternatively, a principle may not cover a situation that needs to
be treated in a similar way. An add-on to the principle is therefore
identified, unless there is a coherent way of reforming the principle at a
higher level.
1.61 The aim is for the principles to be consistent with the
`benchmark' tax principles and that deviations for the benchmark be made
explicitly. This results in more coherent outcomes in the law.
1.62 The coherent principles approach can accommodate detailed or
specific rules when they are needed. However, such rules will not be
provided as a matter of course. The principles can be unfolded (providing
detail about how the principles will apply in a particular case) in the law
itself, in the regulations, but mostly in this explanatory memorandum.
1.63 After enactment, the law will continue to be unfolded, where
necessary, through practical application of the law, including, as is
currently the case, by rulings made by the Commissioner.
Administration and compliance regime
1.64 These Bills will operate under the general compliance and
administrative umbrella of the Taxation Administration Act 1953
(TAA 1953). Matters such as the operation of the running balance
21
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
accounts, the public and private rulings system, taxation objections,
reviews and appeals and the collection and recovery of tax-related
liabilities are administered under this legislation.
1.65 The administration of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 will align with the
administration of certain other indirect tax laws (the GST, luxury car tax
and the wine equalisation tax) under a new part in the Schedule to the
TAA 1953. This part will be modelled on the current indirect tax
provisions in Part VI of the TAA 1953. This means that entities will
generally have the same rights and obligations in relation to the
Fuel Tax Bill 2006 as they have for these other indirect tax laws.
1.66 The legislation proposing to implement the fuel tax credit
system, is taxing legislation and should be interpreted as such.
22
Chapter 2
Fuel tax credits for businesses and
households
Outline of chapter
2.1 This chapter explains the rules that apply to fuel tax credits:
· The basic rules deal with a taxpayer's entitlement to a fuel
tax credit, working out the amount of a fuel tax credit and
when an increasing or decreasing fuel tax adjustment must be
made.
· The special rules deal with the application of the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme if a taxpayer claims
more than $3 million in fuel tax credits in a financial year,
and claiming a fuel tax credit if a taxpayer is a goods and
services tax (GST) instalment payer.
· The common rules deal with working out a taxpayer's net
fuel amount and the requirement to provide a return for each
tax period or fuel tax return period, attribution rules, and
rules about the way that the GST rules for particular entities
apply under the fuel tax law.
Context of reform
2.2 In the energy white paper, Securing Australia's Energy Future,
the Government announced a major programme of reform to modernise
and simplify the fuel tax system. The reform programme will commence
on 1 July 2006, with the introduction of a single fuel tax credit system to
replace the current complex system of fuel tax concessions.
2.3 When fully implemented, the fuel tax credit system will ensure
that generally fuel tax is only levied on:
· the business use of fuel in travelling on a public road in
motor vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of 4.5 tonnes or
less;
23
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
· the business use of fuel in motor vehicles with a gross
vehicle mass of more than 4.5 tonnes (with the exception of a
carve-out intending to preserve previous entitlements for
eligible fuel use in vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of
4.5 tonnes) but only to the extent of the road-user charge;
· the private use of fuel in vehicles and in certain off-road
applications; and
· aviation fuels (where tax is imposed for cost recovery
reasons).
Summary of new law
2.4 These Bills provide fuel tax relief to business and householders
and sets up a framework for the taxation of gaseous fuels, both locally
produced and imported, from 1 July 2011, when fuel tax begins to be
phased in for liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas, and
compressed natural gas.
2.5 The fuel tax credit system will provide fuel tax relief in the form
of a fuel tax credit for fuel tax embedded in the price of the fuel. The fuel
tax credit will be claimed by business entities on their business activity
statement (BAS) and will be offset against an entity's other tax liabilities.
Non-business entities will claim fuel tax credits in a form approved by the
Commissioner of Taxation (Commissioner).
2.6 Under the fuel tax credit system, all fuels including petrol
acquired or manufactured in, or imported into Australia for use other than
on a public road for business purposes will become tax-free over time.
2.7 Fuel tax relief for fuel used in road transport is provided by
allowing a partial fuel tax credit for all taxable fuels (including petrol)
acquired or manufactured in, or imported into Australia for use on a
public road for all business purposes in registered vehicles with a gross
vehicle mass of more than 4.5 tonnes. The partial credit will be equal to
the fuel tax rate minus a road-user charge.
2.8 The fuel tax credit system introduces two measures for
addressing the environmental impact of fuel use. These environmental
measures are the requirement for large fuel users to be a member of the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme and compliance with emissions
performance criteria by vehicles using fuel in travelling on a public road.
24
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
2.9 Accounting and reporting arrangements for business users under
the fuel tax credit system will align, as far as possible, with the existing
arrangements under the GST law. Generally, this means that a business
taxpayer will:
· have to be registered for the GST to claim a fuel tax credit;
· claim fuel tax credits on the BAS in the same way that they
claim GST input tax credits;
· apply the same tax periods for fuel tax credits as they apply
for the GST;
· attribute fuel tax credits to the same tax period as the GST
input tax credit for the acquisition or importation of the fuel;
and
· be subject to special GST rules applying to the way that
their business is organised, for the purpose of fuel tax credits.
Detailed explanation of new law
Division 40 -- Object of Chapter 3
2.10 The object of the fuel tax credit system is to establish a single
system of fuel tax credits to reduce or remove the incidence of fuel tax on
business inputs and the household use of fuel in electricity generation and
heating. The intention is that fuel tax is effectively only applied to the
private use of fuel in motor vehicles and other equipment powered by
internal combustion engines and the business use of fuel used on-road in
light vehicles. [Section 40-5]
Division 41 -- Fuel tax credits for business taxpayers and non-profit
bodies
Fuel tax credit for fuel to be used in carrying on an enterprise
2.11 A taxpayer is entitled to claim a fuel tax credit for taxable fuel
that they acquire or manufacture in, or import into, Australia that they
propose to use in carrying on their enterprise. [Section 41-5]
25
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
2.12 A taxpayer, however is only entitled to claim a fuel tax credit if
they are registered for the GST. This condition does not apply to a
non-profit body for fuel it intends to use in an emergency services vehicle
or vessel.
2.13 If the taxpayer does not subsequently use the fuel in carrying on
their enterprise, they must make an adjustment to their fuel tax credit.
Fuel tax adjustments are discussed in paragraphs 2.89 to 2.97.
Meaning of key terms used in the Bills
Meaning of fuel tax
2.14 `Fuel tax' means duty that is payable on fuel under the
Excise Act 1901 or the Customs Act 1901 and the respective Tariff Acts
[section 110-5]. Where duty that is otherwise payable on fuel has been
remitted, or the duty that has been paid is refunded, the fuel tax payable
on the fuel is zero.
2.15 Fuel tax does not include a percentage of duty that is ad valorem
duty -- that is duty that is expressed as a percentage of the value of the
fuel for the purposes of section 9 of the Customs Tariff Act 1995.
[Section 110-5]
Meaning of taxable fuel
2.16 `Taxable fuel' means fuel on which Customs or Excise duty is
payable [section 110-5]. This arrangement -- taxing and crediting -- is
necessary to deal with the fact that fuel tax is paid by the manufacturer or
importer of the fuel, well before it is used. Therefore, the fuel tax is
levied on the assumption that the fuel could be used in a taxable way, and
credits are granted to reverse the effect of the tax when it becomes clear
that the fuel will be put to a non-taxable use -- that is, used by a taxpayer
in carrying on their enterprise.
2.17 If a taxpayer acquires fuel through a fuel retailer or fuel
distributor they can assume that fuel tax is payable on the fuel as it will
have been entered for home consumption. However, if a taxpayer uses
fuel in carrying on their enterprise, and it is also fuel that they have
manufactured or imported, they will not be entitled to a fuel tax credit
unless the fuel has been entered for home consumption.
26
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
2.18 Fuel tax will continue to be collected on certain fuels that are
subject to Excise or Customs duty but are outside the scope of fuel tax
reform. These fuels are specifically excluded from the definition of
`taxable fuel' in section 110-5. There is no entitlement to a fuel tax credit
for the use of:
· certain imported and locally produced lubricant oils that are
subject to a levy under the Product Stewardship (Oil)
Programme. This non-hypothecated levy assists in offsetting
the costs of benefits paid to oil recyclers as an incentive to
undertake increased recycling of used oil [section 110-5]; and
· oil extracted in areas under Australian control on which
crude oil excise is levied. Crude oil excise is designed to
obtain payment in return for the extraction of the
community's resources [section 110-5].
2.19 The definition of `taxable fuel' in section 110-5 refers to
items 15 and 17 of the Schedule to the Excise Tariff Act 1921. The
numbering of these items will change from 1 July 2006 as a result of a
review of that Schedule, and it is proposed that the Fuel Tax Bill 2006
will be amended to reflect the new numbering.
Meaning of `Australia'
2.20 The term `Australia' has the same meaning in this Bill as it has
in section 195-1 of the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax)
Act 1999 (GST Act). The term excludes any external Territory but
includes installations such as oil rigs. [Section 110-5]
2.21 There is no entitlement to a fuel tax credit for fuel acquired or
manufactured in, or imported into Australia's external Territories. For
example, if a taxpayer uses fuel in carrying on an enterprise in the
Territory of the Christmas Islands or the Territory of the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, they will not be entitled to a fuel tax credit. This is because fuel
tax is not levied in these Territories.
Enterprises that are carried on outside Australia
2.22 There is an entitlement to a fuel tax credit for fuel that is
acquired or manufactured in, or imported into, Australia for use in
carrying on an enterprise outside Australia, including outside the
12 mile nautical limit of the Australian Territorial Sea. When a ship
departs from an Australian port and makes a voyage which includes
passage through international waters before returning to an Australian
port, this does not constitute an international voyage for the purposes of
27
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
the Customs Act 1901 and fuel tax is payable on the fuel acquired or
manufactured in, or imported into Australia for use on the journey.
2.23 As an example, some fishing operations are conducted in
international waters according to international agreements to which
Australia is a party. The Australian Fishing Zone extends to 200 nautical
miles from the Australian coastline and includes waters surrounding the
external Territories. The Australian Navy also conducts operations
outside the 12 mile nautical limit. If voyages do not have a place outside
Australia as their destination and are treated as domestic voyages, then
fuel tax is payable on the fuel and there is a corresponding entitlement to a
fuel tax credit.
Meaning of `carrying on an enterprise'
2.24 A taxpayer must be `carrying on an enterprise' within the
meaning of section 9-20 of the GST Act to be able to claim a fuel tax
credit.
2.25 In accordance with section 195-1 of the GST Act, carrying on an
enterprise includes doing anything in the course of the commencement or
termination of the enterprise. `Enterprise' is defined very broadly in the
GST Act. The most common example of an enterprise is a business. A
hobby or recreational activity where there is no reasonable expectation of
profit or gain is specifically excluded from being an enterprise.
2.26 If a government entity is registered for the GST, the fuel tax law
will apply to it in the same way as the fuel tax law applies to an entity that
is carrying on an enterprise. [Section 70-30]
Registered for the GST or required to be registered for the GST
2.27 Division 23 of the GST Act provides who must be registered for
GST and who may be registered. A taxpayer can only become registered
for GST if they are carrying on an enterprise or intend to carry on an
enterprise from a particular date.
2.28 Under the GST Act, entities with a low annual turnover
($50,000 or less for a business entity or $100,000 or less for a non-profit
body) may choose whether or not to register for the GST. However, a
taxpayer is only entitled to a fuel tax credit if they are registered for the
GST or required to be registered for the GST. [Subsection 41-5(2)]
28
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
2.29 Under the GST Act, a taxpayer that is not registered for the GST
cannot claim input tax credits for the GST they pay on business inputs,
including fuel. Under the fuel tax credit system they will also forfeit their
entitlement to claim a fuel tax credit if they choose to remain unregistered.
Non-profit bodies that operate an emergency vehicle or vessel
2.30 A non-profit body with an annual turnover of $100,000 or less
that purchases fuel for use in an emergency vehicle or vessel, will not be
required to register for the GST to claim a fuel tax credit.
[Subsection 41-5(3)]
2.31 A non-profit body includes an entity that is exempt from income
tax under the following provisions of the Income Tax Assessment
Act 1997:
· section 50-5 (charity, education, science and religion);
· section 50-10 (community service);
· section 50-15 (employees and employers);
· section 50-40 (primary and secondary resources, and
tourism); and
· item 9.1 or 9.2 of section 50-45 (sports, culture and
recreation).
2.32 A vehicle or vessel that provides emergency services is a vehicle
or vessel that is designed and permanently fitted out and equipped for the
purposes of preventing and fighting fires, or emergency response or
search and rescue operations. It must have external markings that clearly
identify it as an emergency vehicle -- for example, a siren,
flashing/warning lights or other appropriate marking.
Meaning of the term `use'
2.33 The term `use' is intended to take its ordinary meaning and
apply in a broad sense, as long as the use of the fuel is within the confines
of the conduct of carrying on an enterprise. For example, `use' will
include use of fuel that is acquired or manufactured in, or imported into
Australia by a taxpayer, but actually used by a contractor in carrying on
the taxpayer's enterprise as long as the taxpayer is not taken to have sold
the fuel to the contractor as part of their contract.
2.34 Fuel is `used' if it ceases to exist after an action to use it, either
as a fuel or in the production of another thing. As such, a sale of fuel is
29
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
not a use of the fuel and a taxpayer will not be considered to have used
fuel if they sell the fuel to another entity. For example, an oil company
would be entitled to a fuel tax credit for fuel that they acquire or
manufacture in, or import into Australia for use in exploration for, or the
extraction of a petroleum product. They would not be entitled to a fuel
tax credit for the product that they actually extract, refine and sell to a
distributor or retail outlet.
2.35 The term `use' is also intended to cover the blending of fuel with
other products to create a fuel blend that no longer constitutes a fuel that
can be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine. Where a fuel
blend cannot be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine, the
manufacturer of the blend, and not the end user, is entitled to claim a
credit for any fuel tax paid on the constituents of the blend. Some
examples of these types of blend are paint and certain solvents, printing
inks, cleaning agents, adhesives and the like. For the discussion on fuel
blends that can be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine, refer to
paragraphs 1.41 and 1.42.
2.36 In circumstances where it is unclear whether certain blends
constitute a fuel that can be used as a fuel in an internal combustion
engine, the Commissioner is able to make a determination that blends of
fuel and other products do not constitute a fuel. In these circumstances
the manufacturer of the fuel blend and not the end user is considered to
have used the fuel and is entitled to claim a fuel tax credit for any fuel tax
paid on the constituents of the blend. [Section 95-5]
2.37 `Use' will also include the loss of fuel through evaporation and
temperature changes in the course of carrying on a taxpayer's enterprise.
Section 41-10 -- Fuel tax credit for fuel to be sold or packaged
2.38 Section 41-10 is intended to provide fuel on an effectively fuel
tax-free basis for use by private users:
· in home heating [subsection 41-10(1)];
· for use other than in an internal combustion engine (eg, as a
solvent) [subsection 41-10(2)].
2.39 A fuel tax credit will be provided to the sellers and packagers of
these fuels rather than requiring the private users to register to claim the
fuel tax credit. It is expected that the fuel tax-free status of these fuels
will be reflected in the price of the fuel to the private end user.
2.40 A taxpayer will be entitled to a fuel tax credit if they:
30
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
· make a taxable supply of kerosene or heating oil to a private
entity, and they have a reasonable belief that the fuel will be
used for home heating [subsection 41-10(1)]; or
· package kerosene, mineral turpentine or white spirit, or
prescribed fuels in containers to make a taxable supply of the
fuel for use other than in an internal combustion engine. The
fuel must be packaged in containers of a size to be prescribed
in regulations [subsection 41-10(2)].
Meaning of taxable supply
2.41 The term `taxable supply' has the same meaning in the Fuel Tax
Bill 2006 as it does in the GST Act. [Section 110-5]
Example 2.1
Tony runs a fuel distribution company. His company makes taxable
supplies of heating oil to private residences in the Canberra area. Tony
reasonably believes that the heating oil will be used for private
purposes because he delivers the fuel into tanks that are attached to the
sides of his customer's houses. Tony is entitled to claim a fuel tax
credit for the supply of the heating oil because it is reasonable to
believe it will be used for domestic heating.
Tony also packages kerosene and mineral turpentine in containers of a
prescribed capacity which he sells to hardware stores. These
containers of fuel are then sold by the hardware stores to retail
customers. Tony is able to claim a fuel tax credit for the fuel that he
packages.
No fuel tax credit if another entity was previously entitled to a credit
2.42 The intention of section 41-15 is that only one entity is entitled
to a fuel tax credit. A taxpayer is not entitled to a fuel tax credit for
taxable fuel if it is reasonable to conclude that another taxpayer was
entitled to a fuel tax credit on the same fuel [subsection 41-15(1)]. This
situation arises if a reasonable person in the position of the taxpayer
would conclude that another taxpayer was entitled to a fuel tax credit on
that fuel.
Example 2.2
Chris acquires kerosene from his local hardware store in containers of
capacity less than a size prescribed by the regulations, for use in his
business. Chris is not entitled to claim the fuel tax credit for the fuel as
the packager would be entitled to claim the credit under section 41-10.
31
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
It is reasonable for Chris to conclude that another entity had previously
been entitled to a fuel tax credit on the fuel when he acquired it,
because it was packaged in a container of capacity less than a
prescribed size.
If Chris had acquired the fuel from a distributor in a container larger
than the prescribed capacity, it would be reasonable for him to
conclude that another entity had not previously been entitled to the fuel
tax credit, and he would be entitled to claim a fuel tax credit on the
acquisition of the fuel.
2.43 In the situation of an entity providing fuel for use by a contractor
or sub-contractor, the contractual terms agreed to by the parties would
assist to determine whether a particular supply of fuel constituted a
taxable supply in the course of carrying on the entity's business and the
reasonableness of a contractor or sub-contractor to conclude that the entity
had already claimed a credit with respect to the fuel.
Example 2.3
XL Ltd, a manufacturing company engages Joe, a transport contractor
to transport goods it manufactures from its factory to its distributor.
Joe's contract requires XL Ltd to provide him with diesel fuel for a
stated price. XL Ltd cannot claim the fuel tax credit as they have made
a taxable supply of the diesel fuel to Joe and the fuel is not used in its
enterprise. If XL Ltd had claimed a fuel tax credit as it purchased the
fuel with the intention at using it in its enterprise, then it would need to
make an increasing fuel tax credit adjustment. As the contract clearly
provides for the sale of the fuel, Joe can claim the fuel tax credit.
Example 2.4
Deep Mines Ltd (Deep Mines) engages DY Ltd to carry out
earthmoving works on its mining lease. The contract is for services
rendered and for the use of DY Ltd's earthmoving equipment only and
specifies that Deep Mines will provide fuel from its bulk storage tank
for carrying out the work. As DY Ltd's contract agreement makes no
provision for the taxable supply of fuel, it is not reasonable to conclude
without contacting Deep Mines, that the contract takes into account
consideration for the fuel supplied. DY Ltd therefore is not entitled to
claim a fuel tax credit on the fuel supplied by Deep Mines.
2.44 If it is reasonable to conclude that another entity was entitled to
a fuel tax credit, but had made an increasing fuel tax adjustment in respect
of the credit, a taxpayer acquiring the fuel will still be entitled to claim the
credit [subsection 41-15(2)]. An increasing fuel tax adjustment increases a
taxpayer's net fuel tax amount, where a taxpayer received too much fuel
tax credit because they claimed for what was an eligible use of fuel at the
time they obtained the fuel but then applied it in a way that would have
32
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
entitled them to a lesser fuel tax credit had that been their original
intended use. Such an adjustment ensures that a fuel tax credit is claimed
only once on a particular fuel and an increasing fuel tax adjustment can
allow a further entity to claim a credit for that fuel. Fuel tax adjustments
are explained in paragraphs 2.89 to 2.97.
2.45 It is reasonable for a taxpayer acquiring fuel to conclude that an
increasing fuel tax adjustment has been made by a previous entity if the
taxpayer is, for example, a related entity to the entity that made the
adjustment and the taxpayer acquiring the fuel has access to the other
entity's accounting records.
Example 2.5
Mulholland Co. buys fuel from its subsidiary company,
Mini-Mul Fuels. Mini-Mul Fuels had bought the fuel to use in their
business but subsequently sold it to Mulholland Co. for Mulholland
Co. to use in their business. Mini-Mul Fuels claimed a credit for that
fuel but makes an increasing fuel tax adjustment in its next BAS to
take account of the sale that would not have given rise to the fuel tax
credit paid to them. Mulholland Co. can claim a credit for the business
use of the fuel because as a parent company it is reasonable to
conclude that Mini-Mul Fuels made an increasing adjustment.
2.46 A taxpayer will be denied a fuel tax credit if they are aware that
a credit has not been claimed in respect of the fuel and another entity
higher in the distribution chain will be allowed a decreasing adjustment in
respect of the fuel.
No fuel tax credit for fuel to be used in light vehicles on a public road
2.47 If a taxpayer acquires or manufactures in, or imports fuel into,
Australia to use in a vehicle with a gross vehicle mass of 4.5 tonnes or
less on a public road, they will not be entitled to a fuel tax credit, subject
to the transitional rule governing vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of
4.5 tonnes mentioned in paragraph 1.35. [Section 41-20]
2.48 The break point of 4.5 tonnes or less gross vehicle mass aligns
eligibility for a fuel tax credit with the additional licensing conditions that
must be met in all Australian jurisdictions to drive a vehicle of this mass
or greater and the Australian Design Rules for heavy vehicles. In
addition, the Heavy Vehicle Charges Determination that establishes the
road-user charges for heavy vehicles applies to vehicles over 4.5 tonnes.
2.49 The term `gross vehicle mass' takes its ordinary meaning as the
gross vehicle mass, or if the vehicle is a prime mover, the gross
combination mass as accepted by the authority that registered the vehicle,
33
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
whether that is a state authority or the vehicle is registered under the
Federal Interstate Registration Scheme.
What is a public road?
2.50 A road is a public road if it is:
· opened, declared or dedicated as a public road under a
statute;
· vested in a government authority having statutory
responsibility for the control and management of public road
infrastructure; or
· dedicated as a public road at common law.
2.51 A road is not a public road if it is a:
· road constructed or maintained under a statutory regime by a
public authority that is not an authority responsible for the
provision of road transport infrastructure, in circumstances
where the statutory regime provides that public use of, or
access to, the road is subordinate to the primary objects of the
statutory regime;
· forestry road;
· private access road for use in a mining operation; or
· road that has not been dedicated as a public road over
privately owned land.
What is a forestry road?
2.52 A forestry road is a road within a forest or plantation which is
constructed and maintained primarily and principally for the purposes of
providing access to an area to facilitate forestry activities (eg, to facilitate
trees to be planted or tended in the area, or timber felled in the area to be
removed) and for related forestry management activities.
What is a private access road for use in mining operations?
2.53 A private access road for use in mining operations is a private
road which is constructed and maintained by a person who carries on a
mining operation for the purposes of providing access to or from either a
mining operation or a place at which beneficiation of minerals or mineral
ores occurs.
34
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
No fuel tax credit for fuel to be used in motor vehicles that do not meet
environmental criteria
2.54 A taxpayer is not entitled to a fuel tax credit for the use of fuel in
a diesel motor vehicle travelling on a public road unless the vehicle meets
one of a number of environmental criteria. The criteria are intended to
encourage the owners and operators of diesel heavy motor vehicles to
properly maintain their vehicles in order to reduce exhaust emissions of
particulates, smoke and smog-forming pollutants to acceptable levels.
2.55 The criteria are only intended to apply to motor powered road
vehicles. They are not intended to apply to vehicles that are not road
vehicles.
2.56 If a taxpayer owns or operates a diesel heavy motor vehicle they
need to demonstrate that the vehicle meets one of four environmental
performance criteria in order to qualify for a fuel tax credit. The criteria
are that the vehicle is either:
· registered as a vehicle manufactured on or after
1 January 1996;
· registered in an audited maintenance programme that is
accredited by the Transport Secretary;
· meets Rule 147A of the Australian Vehicle Standards
Rules 1999; or
· complies with a maintenance schedule endorsed by the
Transport Secretary.
[Schedule 2, subsection 41-25(1)]
2.57 The Transport Secretary has the power to determine appropriate
maintenance schedules that allow vehicle operators to demonstrate their
vehicle is not likely to be a high polluter and to accredit an audited
maintenance programme. [Paragraph 41-25(1)(d)]
2.58 Taxpayers claiming fuel tax credits for fuel used on a public
road will self-assess their compliance with the environmental performance
criteria. However, written records must be kept to prove the validity of a
claim. The Commissioner may inspect those records as part of any
compliance programme.
Vehicles used primarily on an agricultural property
2.59 Motor vehicles used in carrying on a primary production
business that are primarily used on an agricultural property do not have to
35
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
comply with the environmental criteria [subsection 41-25(2)]. A vehicle is
considered to be used `primarily' on an agricultural property where, in
carrying on a primary production business, the vehicle, for example, is
used to transport the primary produce to and from the market, or crosses
property that is not defined as agricultural property when travelling from
or onto agricultural property.
No fuel tax credit for fuel to be used in aircraft
2.60 If a taxpayer acquires or manufactures in, or imports fuel into
Australia that is classified in the Schedule to the Excise Tariff Act 1921 or
the Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act 1995 as fuel for use in aircraft,
they will not be entitled to a fuel tax credit [section 41-30]. These fuels
include kerosene for use in aircraft (known as aviation kerosene, aviation
turbine fuel, avtur or Jet A1) and gasoline for use in aircraft (known as
aviation gasoline or avgas). Fuel tax imposed on these fuels used in
aviation is not imposed for general revenue-raising reasons but rather as a
method of cost recovery for various services and oversight of the aviation
industry. Fuel tax on aviation fuels is not within the scope of fuel tax
reform and therefore the fuels are not eligible for a fuel tax credit.
2.61 If however, a taxpayer acquires, manufactures or imports other
taxable fuels for use in an aircraft in carrying on their enterprise, for
example diesel, they will be entitled to a fuel tax credit under
section 41-5.
Division 42 -- Fuel tax credit for domestic electricity generation
2.62 A taxpayer is entitled to a fuel tax credit for fuel acquired or
manufactured in, or imported into Australia to be used by them in
generating electricity for domestic use [section 42-5]. This can be electricity
that the taxpayer generates for their own domestic use as well as
electricity that they generate for domestic use by others as long as the
taxpayer generating the electricity is not carrying on an enterprise (if a
taxpayer is in the business of generating electricity or generates electricity
for use in an enterprise, they are entitled to a fuel tax credit under
section 41-5).
2.63 Where a taxpayer who is entitled to a fuel tax credit under
section 42-5 does not carry on an enterprise, they will claim fuel tax
credits in a form approved by the Commissioner. If a taxpayer generates
electricity for domestic purposes and also carries on an enterprise, they
can claim fuel tax credits for both on the BAS.
2.64 The term `domestic' indicates that the generation of the
electricity is for use in a home, house or household and is therefore of a
36
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
domestic nature. The term is also intended to cover situations where
certain parts of the home are occupied for professional purposes.
Example 2.6
Susanna lives on a 500 acre property, 120 kilometres from the nearest
big town, and carries out a primary production business. She uses a
diesel-powered generator to produce electricity for two homes on her
property -- the home she lives in and the home her parents live in.
She is entitled to claim a fuel tax credit for the diesel she acquires to
use in her generator because the fuel is acquired for use in domestic
electricity generation (her entitlement arises under section 42-5).
Susanna uses another diesel generator to power the shearing shed and
several other outbuildings used in her primary production business.
Susanna is also entitled to claim a fuel tax credit for the diesel she
acquires for use in this generator because she has acquired the fuel to
carry on her enterprise (her entitlement arises under section 41-5).
Susanna claims both fuel tax credits on her BAS.
2.65 If fuel is used to generate electricity for recreational purposes,
for example use in a caravan, tent or yacht, no fuel tax credit entitlement
arises as the fuel is not used for domestic electricity generation. However,
there will be an entitlement to a fuel tax credit if the caravan or yacht is
the taxpayer's main or permanent place of residence.
Division 43 -- Working out a taxpayer's fuel tax credit
Fuel tax credits are based on the effective fuel tax payable
2.66 The amount of any fuel tax credit payable on fuel is based on the
amount of effective fuel tax that is payable on the fuel [subsection 43-5(1)].
The reason for this is that some fuels, for example domestically-produced
ethanol and biodiesel, pay fuel tax at the same rate as diesel and petrol,
but the amount of fuel tax effectively payable is reduced by a grant under
the Energy Grants (Cleaner Fuels) Scheme Act 2004 or a subsidy paid by
the Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources.
2.67 The meaning of fuel tax and taxable fuel are discussed in
paragraphs 2.14 to 2.19.
2.68 The intention, therefore, is that the fuel tax credit is based on the
effective fuel tax payable rather than the amount of fuel tax payable on the
importation or manufacture of the fuel. For example, biodiesel is
currently taxed at 38.143 cents per litre and producers receive a cleaner
fuel grant equivalent to the tax on the fuel, making the effective fuel tax
on the fuel zero. As no effective fuel tax has been paid there is no
entitlement to a fuel tax credit for the use of the fuel.
37
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
2.69 The amount of `effective fuel tax' is calculated using a formula
that reduces the `fuel tax amount' by the amount of any `grant or subsidy'
that was or would be payable on the fuel by the Commonwealth.
[Subsection 43-5(2)]
2.70 For a business taxpayer the amount of effective fuel tax is
worked out at the rate of fuel tax, grant and subsidy in force at the
beginning of the tax period to which the credit is attributed.
[Subsection 43-5(2)]
2.71 For a non-business taxpayer the amount of effective fuel tax is
worked out at the rate of fuel tax, grant and subsidy in force on the day the
Commissioner receives a return relating to the fuel. [Subsection 43-5(2)]
Example 2.7
MCH Mining Ltd acquires 10,000 litres each of diesel and biodiesel on
28 August 2006 for use in eligible mining activities not on a public
road. MCH Mining Ltd is registered for the GST and has monthly tax
periods. On 1 August 2006, fuel tax is payable on diesel and biodiesel
at the rate of 38.143 cents per litre. As there is no grant or subsidy
amount payable on the production of diesel, the amount of the fuel tax
credit payable on the diesel is 38.143 cents per litre. For the
10,000 litres of diesel, MCH Mining Ltd is entitled to claim a fuel tax
credit of $3,814.
As a cleaner fuel grant is payable for the biodiesel at the rate of
38.143 cents per litre, the effective fuel tax payable on the biodiesel is
reduced to zero. The amount of fuel tax credit payable on the biodiesel
is therefore also zero.
2.72 Where a fuel blend meets a particular standard, for example B5
(a blend of 5 per cent biodiesel and 95 per cent diesel) meets the diesel
standard, it is treated as having fuel tax paid at the rate applicable to the
unblended fuel covered by the standard. For fuel blends where one of the
constituents attracts fuel tax at a discounted rate, such as a blend of diesel
and biodiesel, the result of this treatment will be a fuel tax credit in excess
of the effective fuel tax embedded in the fuel. Where a fuel blend does
not meet a fuel standard, the amount of fuel tax credit is not more than the
actual fuel tax paid on the fuels that make up the blend.
Example 2.8
MCH Mining Ltd also acquires 10,000 litres of B5 on 28 August 2006
that meets the diesel fuel standard for use in eligible off-road mining
activities. MCH Mining Ltd is entitled to claim a fuel tax credit at the
diesel rate of 38.143 cents per litre for the blend.
38
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
MCH Mining Ltd also purchases 10,000 litres of B20 (a blend
consisting of 80 per cent diesel and 20 per cent biodiesel) on
28 August 2006 that does not meet the diesel fuel standard, for use in
an eligible mining activity not on a public road. MCH Mining Ltd is
entitled to claim a fuel tax credit of 38.143 cents per litre in respect of
the diesel portion of the blended fuel and zero cents per litre for the
biodiesel portion of the blended fuel.
Exclusions from grant or subsidy amount
2.73 The following grants are paid for reasons other than to offset the
fuel tax payable on a fuel and therefore do not reduce the amount of the
taxpayer's fuel tax credit:
· a grant under the Biofuels Capital Grants Program. This
programme provided one-off capital grants for projects that
provide new or expanded biofuels production capacity;
· grants for on-road alternative fuel under the Energy Grants
(Credits) Scheme Act 2003. These grants apply for the
purchase of biodiesel, ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas,
liquefied natural gas and compressed natural gas and will be
phased out in the period from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2010;
· grants under the Energy Grants (Cleaner Fuels)
Scheme Act 2004. These grants are those payable for low
sulphur Premium unleaded petrol, and those intended to be
payable from 1 January 2007 to importers and manufacturers
of diesel with less than 10 parts per million sulphur to
encourage the production of the fuel; and
· a benefit paid to waste oil recyclers and for eligible uses of
specific oils under the Product Stewardship (Oil) Act 2000.
[Subsection 43-5(3)]
Reducing the amount of a taxpayer's fuel tax credit
2.74 The amount of any fuel tax credit will be reduced to the extent
that fuel tax is imposed to fund a cleaner fuel grant and, for use in
vehicles travelling on a public road, by the amount of the road-user
charge.
2.75 The Government announced in the 2003-04 Budget, that from
1 January 2007, the fuel tax on diesel will increase for a period of
two years to fund a cleaner fuel grant for diesel with less than 10 parts
per million sulphur. This initiative, including the additional fuel tax rates
39
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
required to fund the proposal, will be reviewed in the period prior to
implementation to ensure that it aligns with the timing of the new fuel
standards and market conditions.
2.76 A fuel tax credit for the acquisition, manufacture or importation
of diesel, will be reduced in the years that the cleaner fuel grant applies to
the extent that the Minister for Revenue and Assistant Treasurer
determines that fuel tax is imposed on the fuel to fund that grant.
[Section 43-10]
2.77 The reduction will apply for business taxpayers at the rate of
fuel tax applicable at the beginning of the tax period to which the fuel tax
credit is attributable. [Paragraph 43-10(6)(a)]
2.78 For non-business taxpayers, the reduction will apply at the rate
of fuel tax applicable on the day the Commissioner receives the taxpayer's
return. [Paragraph 43-10(6)(b)]
Road-user charge
2.79 The amount of fuel tax credit for fuel used in travelling on a
public road is reduced by the amount of the road-user charge determined
by the Transport Minister [subsection 43-10(3)]. If the road-user charge is
greater than the effective fuel tax rate for fuel, the fuel tax credit will be
zero.
2.80 The amount of a taxpayer's fuel tax credit is not reduced by the
amount of the road-user charge if their vehicle's travel on a public road is
incidental to its main use. Incidental use of fuel may occur when a
vehicle that is used almost exclusively off a public road, is moved a short
distance from one off-road location to another via a public road or is
operating incidentally on a public road. [Subsection 43-10(4)]
Example 2.9
Phil is a farmer. In order to move between parts of his property when
he is harvesting crops he has to drive his combine harvester on a public
road. As the main use of the combine harvester is off-road, the travel
that occurs on a public road is considered incidental and Phil does not
have to reduce the amount of fuel tax credit by the amount of the
road-user charge for part of the use of fuel for travelling on a public
road.
2.81 The road-user charge will be set in accordance with the
National Transport Commission's heavy vehicle charging determination
process. The fuel tax based charge will be adjusted annually in a similar
fashion to the way that the States and Territories adjust registration fees
40
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
for heavy vehicles. Changes to the charge will be made by varying the
level of fuel tax credit paid for fuel used in heavy vehicles.
2.82 The fuel tax credit for a business taxpayer will be reduced by the
rate of the road-user charge applicable at the beginning of the tax period
to which the fuel tax credit is attributable. [Paragraph 43-10(6)(a)]
2.83 For a non-business taxpayer, the fuel tax credit will be reduced
by the rate of road-user charge applicable on the day the Commissioner
receives a return. [Paragraph 43-10(6)(b)]
2.84 The Minister for Transport will determine the amount of the
road-user charge. [Subsection 43-10(5)]
2.85 The road-user charge for petrol and alternative fuels will be the
same as for diesel.
Apportioning fuel between eligible and ineligible uses
2.86 If a taxpayer acquires, manufactures or imports fuel for both
eligible and ineligible activities, they will need to apportion the use of that
fuel between eligible and ineligible uses to determine the amount of the
fuel that is eligible for a fuel tax credit. Taxpayers may use the deductive
or constructive methods of calculation to establish the amount of fuel
eligible for a fuel tax credit depending on circumstances and pattern of
fuel usage.
2.87 Under the constructive method, taxpayers calculate the quantity
of fuel eligible for a fuel tax credit in a tax period by adding the amounts
of fuel acquired or imported that were used or are intended to be used in
each eligible activity.
2.88 Under the deductive method, taxpayers deduct from the fuel
acquired or imported, the quantity of fuel that was used or is intended to
be used in each ineligible activity to arrive at the quantity of fuel that is
eligible for a fuel tax credit.
Division 44 -- Increasing and decreasing fuel tax adjustments
2.89 A taxpayer need only acquire or manufacture in, or import into
Australia, taxable fuel with the intention of using it for an eligible purpose
to become entitled to a fuel tax credit -- they will not need to have
actually used the fuel.
2.90 A taxpayer may acquire, manufacture or import fuel with the
intention of using it for a particular purpose but subsequently use the fuel
for a different purpose. If the amount of the fuel tax credit that would
have arisen had the taxpayer originally known of this different purpose
differs from the amount the taxpayer is actually entitled to (based on their
41
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
intended purpose), the taxpayer will have a fuel tax adjustment. [Subsection
44-5(1)]
2.91 The amount of the fuel tax adjustment will be the difference
between the amount that the taxpayer was entitled to and the amount the
taxpayer would have been entitled to if their intended use was what they
actually used it for. [Subsection 44-5(2)]
2.92 An adjustment occurs as a result of the fuel being used for a
different purpose than was intended at the time of acquisition, import or
manufacture. In general, a mistake refers to the claiming of a fuel tax
credit when no entitlement, or a different entitlement, existed. An
example of a mistake is an arithmetic error resulting in the taxpayer
claiming a fuel tax credit in excess of the fuel tax credit available on fuel
they acquired during the tax period.
2.93 There are two types of fuel tax adjustments -- increasing and
decreasing. An increasing fuel tax adjustment increases a taxpayer's net
fuel tax amount. A taxpayer will have an increasing fuel tax adjustment if
they have received too much fuel tax credit [subsection 44-5(4)]. A
decreasing fuel tax adjustment decreases a taxpayer's net fuel tax amount.
A taxpayer will have a decreasing fuel tax adjustment if they have
received too little fuel tax credit [subsection 44-5(3)].
2.94 Fuel tax adjustments can arise in a number of ways. It may be
that the activity in which a taxpayer actually uses the fuel is different from
that which was intended. For example if fuel, or some of it, is used for a
private purpose or the consumption of the fuel results in a different fuel
tax credit amount being applicable to the actual use.
Example 2.10
Kate is a primary producer. On 1 September 2006, she acquires
10,000 litres of diesel to use in her combine harvester. The fuel tax
credit rate for diesel is 38.143 cents per litre so Kate claims a fuel tax
credit of $3,814 in her BAS for the quarterly tax period ending
30 September 2006. During November, Kate uses 100 litres of the
diesel in her one tonne utility that she uses for driving to and from
town. As she is not entitled to claim a fuel tax credit for the use of fuel
in a vehicle with a gross vehicle mass of 4.5 tonnes or less on a public
road, Kate has to make an increasing fuel tax adjustment on her BAS
for the quarterly tax period ending 31 December 2006 for an amount of
$38.14.
2.95 A taxpayer will also need to make a fuel tax adjustment where
the fuel is not used. For example, a supply of fuel that a taxpayer has paid
for or been invoiced for, is cancelled or not delivered or the fuel is lost,
stolen or otherwise disposed of. [Section 44-10]
42
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
Attribution rule for fuel tax adjustments
2.96 Taxpayers will attribute fuel tax adjustments to the tax period or
return period in which they become aware of the adjustment.
[Subsection 65-10(1)]
2.97 The test of when a taxpayer becomes aware that an adjustment is
necessary is an objective test rather than a test based on the subjective
understanding of the taxpayer. This means they will be taken to become
aware of a fuel tax adjustment when all the facts necessary to make a
reasonable person aware are known to them.
Example 2.11
Following from Example 2.10, it is reasonable to conclude that Kate
became aware that an adjustment would be necessary with respect to
the fuel when she put the fuel in her one tonne utility. Had that been
her original intended use of the fuel, she would not have been entitled
to a fuel tax credit.
Example 2.12
Marando Fuel Co. acquires fuel on 1 December 2006 that is stored in
its bulk storage tanks. Fuel from the tanks is used for various activities
that are eligible and ineligible uses for the purposes of fuel tax credit
claims. In Marando Fuel Co.'s next tax period, ending
31 December 2006, the company claims a fuel tax credit for half the
quantity of the fuel purchased, based on an apportionment of fuel use
between eligible and ineligible activities. The amount claimed is an
estimate calculated by reference to the company's historical usage
patterns and its intention to continue this usage pattern. However, the
company's January 2007 records of the actual use in the company's
equipment show that less than the estimated half of the quantity of the
fuel purchased on 1 December 2006 was used in eligible activities. It
would have been reasonable for Marando Fuel Co. to have been aware
of the need to make an increasing fuel tax adjustment when they
obtained the records showing a lesser portion of fuel was applied to
eligible uses.
Division 45 -- The Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme
2.98 Receipt of fuel tax credits by large energy users is conditional on
those entities being members of the Greenhouse Challenge Plus
Programme. The Government recognises that making greenhouse
management a core element of business is important to finding
cost-effective solutions to the long-term greenhouse response.
Membership of the Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme signals an
expectation that large energy users will participate in an active partnership
43
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
with government to address climate change. The programme
complements the Government's other energy and greenhouse gas
abatement measures addressing large energy users. Information about the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme can be found on the website of
the Australian Greenhouse Office.
2.99 A taxpayer will not be able to claim a total of more than
$3 million of fuel tax credits in a financial year unless at the time
they make the claim they are a member of the Greenhouse Challenge
Plus Programme. [Subsection 45-5(1)]
2.100 Where a taxpayer becomes a member of the Greenhouse
Challenge Plus Programme they will be entitled to claim fuel tax credits
for taxable fuel they acquired or manufactured in, or imported into
Australia, before they joined the programme, by making a decreasing fuel
tax adjustment for the amount of fuel tax credit that they were previously
not entitled to take into account. [Subsection 45-5(2)]
2.101 The decreasing fuel tax adjustment is attributed to the tax period
in which the taxpayer becomes a member of the programme.
[Subsection 65-10(2)]
2.102 The decreasing fuel tax adjustment will take into account the
credits the taxpayer was previously not entitled to up to five years prior to
the end of the financial year in which they became a member of the
programme.
Example 2.13
Tom's Transport has monthly tax periods and is not a member of the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme for most of the 2006-07
financial year. Tom's Transport makes the following claims for fuel
tax credits on its BAS:
Month ending Fuel tax credits Total fuel tax credit
claimed (year to date)
31 July 2006 $650,000 $650,000
31 August 2006 $250,000 $900,000
30 September 2006 $350,000 $1,250,000
31 October 2006 $175,000 $1,425,000
30 November 2006 $80,000 $1,505,000
31 December 2006 $450,000 $1,955,000
31 January 2007 $210,000 $2,165,000
28 February 2007 $350,000 $2,515,000
31 March 2007 $410,000 $2,925,000
44
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
30 April 2007 $270,000 $3,195,000
31 May 2007 $280,000 $3,475,000
30 June 2007 $175,000 $3,650,000
In April, total claims for fuel tax credits for the financial year exceed
the $3 million threshold for membership of the Greenhouse Challenge
Plus Programme. Tom's Transport will be entitled to claim a fuel tax
credit of only $75,000 for April, being the difference between the total
fuel tax credits to 31 March 2006 of $2,925,000 and the threshold of
$3 million.
On 2 May 2007, Tom's Transport joins the Greenhouse Challenge
Plus Programme. When they lodge their BAS for May, they make a
decreasing fuel tax adjustment for an amount of $195,000, being the
remaining amount of fuel tax credit that it was not entitled to claim in
April. Tom's Transport's total claim in May is equal to $195,000
(the decreasing fuel tax adjustment) plus the fuel tax credit entitlement
of $280,000 for May.
Application of the Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme to GST
branches, GST groups and GST joint ventures
GST branches
2.103 As a GST branch is not treated as a separate entity for fuel tax
credit purposes, the $3 million threshold for entities operating through
branches will be calculated as the sum of fuel tax credits received by the
parent and all of its branches. If the criterion applies, then the entity
(parent and branches) will be required to join the Greenhouse Challenge
Plus Programme in order to be entitled to payment of fuel tax credits.
GST groups
2.104 As a GST group is treated as a single entity for fuel tax credit
purposes, the $3 million threshold for entities operating within an
approved GST group, will be calculated as the sum of fuel tax credits
received by the group as a whole. If the criterion applies, then the group
member claiming fuel tax credits on behalf of the group (as the
representative member of the GST group) will be required to join the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme and enter into a Greenhouse
Challenge Plus Programme agreement on behalf of all entities within the
group in order to be entitled to payment of fuel tax credits.
GST joint ventures
2.105 The $3 million threshold for a GST joint venture will be
calculated as the sum of fuel tax credits received by the joint venture
operator on behalf of the joint venture. If the criterion applies, then the
45
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
joint venture operator will be required to join the Greenhouse Challenge
Plus Programme on behalf of the GST joint venture.
2.106 Where a joint venture operator consolidates its claims in relation
to a number of GST joint ventures, the $3 million threshold will apply
separately to each GST joint venture within the consolidated claim, rather
than to the total of fuel tax credits received by GST joint ventures covered
by the consolidated claim. The joint venture operator will need to ensure
that all the GST joint ventures that exceed the $3 million threshold are
included in Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme agreements.
Coverage under existing Greenhouse Challenge Plus agreements
2.107 Where a GST group or joint venture operator is already a
member of the Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme or is part of a
group of entities whose parent entity is already a member of the
Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme, then there may be no need for
the GST group or joint venture operator to take out a separate Greenhouse
Challenge Plus membership. However, any Greenhouse Challenge Plus
agreement must cover the activities of the GST group or joint venture(s).
Division 46 -- Instalment taxpayers
2.108 Taxpayers that are GST instalment payers, must treat each GST
instalment quarter as if it were a tax period [subsection 46-5(1)]. This means
that they will work out their fuel tax credits on a quarterly basis, instead of
on an annual basis as they do for GST [subsection 46-5(2)].
2.109 GST instalment payers may choose to not lodge a return for any
of the four quarters. However, in situations where there is an increasing
fuel tax adjustment, the instalment taxpayer is required to lodge a return
for the last quarter, with lodging a return in the preceding quarters
remaining optional. For each quarter that a GST instalment payer does
make a claim, they must give their return to the Commissioner on or
before the day they would be required to pay the GST instalment to the
Commissioner for the quarter. Some instalment payers are only required
to pay two GST instalments per year. If these taxpayers choose to make a
claim for either of the first two quarters, they must give their return to the
Commissioner on or before the day they would have been required to pay
their GST instalment for the quarter had they instead paid four instalments
per year. [Subsection 46-5(3)]
2.110 GST instalment payers that are required to give a return to the
Commissioner for the last GST instalment quarter in a financial year must
do so on or before the day they would be required to pay the GST
instalment to the Commissioner for the quarter. [Subsection 46-5(5)]
46
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
2.111 If a GST instalment payer chooses not to give a return to the
Commissioner for a quarter, any fuel tax credit or fuel tax adjustment that
occurs in that quarter will be attributable to the first quarter thereafter for
which they give the Commissioner a return. [Subsection 46-5(4)]
Example 2.14
Greg owns and operates a dairy farm and is a GST instalment payer.
As a primary producer, Greg is entitled to average his income for
income tax purposes and is therefore also entitled to pay only the last
two GST instalments. However, for the purposes of the fuel tax law
Greg can work out his fuel tax credits for a financial year on a
quarterly basis. Greg can choose whether to lodge a return for any of
the first three quarters, but must lodge a return for the last quarter if he
has an increasing fuel tax adjustment in the financial year.
Division 60 -- Net fuel amounts
2.112 A taxpayer's net fuel amount is how much they must pay to the
Commissioner (if positive), or that the Commissioner must pay to them (if
negative). It is worked out using the formula in section 60-5. The net fuel
amount is the total fuel tax attributable to the tax period or fuel tax return
period, less the fuel tax credits that are attributable to the period. The net
fuel amount is decreased or increased by any fuel tax adjustments that are
attributable to the tax period or fuel tax return period [subsection 60-5(1)].
Fuel tax adjustments are discussed in
paragraphs 2.89 to 2.97.
2.113 The attribution rules tell taxpayers to which tax period or fuel
tax return period they attribute their fuel tax credits. The attribution rules
are discussed in paragraphs 2.127 to 2.139.
2.114 The inclusion of total fuel tax in the formula is necessary so that
when fuel tax is imposed under the Fuel Tax Bill 2006, entities that have
fuel tax obligations will be able to calculate their net fuel tax amount. The
figure for total fuel tax will be zero in all cases to begin with, until fuel tax
begins to be levied on gaseous fuels under this Bill in 2011.
2.115 If a taxpayer's net amount for a tax period or a return period is
greater than zero, the net amount is the amount they must pay to the
Commissioner for that tax period or return period. The net fuel amount
will be greater than zero if the fuel tax payable and increasing fuel tax
adjustments for a tax period or a return period exceed the fuel tax credits
and decreasing fuel tax adjustments for the period.
47
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Example 2.15
Berkley Fuels Pty Ltd is registered for the GST and has monthly tax
periods. Their total fuel tax amount for August 2006 is zero. They
have total fuel tax credits of $6,000 and $7,000 worth of increasing
fuel tax adjustments. Their net fuel amount for the period is $1,000.
They pay this amount to the Commissioner when they lodge their
return for August 2006.
It is August 2011 and Berkley Fuels Pty Ltd has a total fuel tax amount
of $20,000 because they are now liable for fuel tax on their liquefied
petroleum gas. They have, similar to their activities in August 2006,
total fuel tax credits of $6,000 and $7,000 worth of increasing fuel tax
adjustments. Their net fuel amount for the period is $21,000, that they
pay to the Commissioner when they lodge their return for
August 2011.
2.116 If a taxpayer's net amount for a tax period or fuel tax return
period is less than zero, the net fuel amount, (expressed as a negative
amount) is the amount the Commissioner must pay to them for the period.
The net fuel amount will be less than zero if the fuel tax credits and
decreasing fuel tax adjustments for the period exceed the fuel tax and
increasing fuel tax adjustments for the period.
Example 2.16
Continuing the previous example, in the tax period September 2006,
Berkley Fuels Pty Ltd has a total fuel tax amount of zero and total fuel
tax credits of $7,500. They have no adjustments. Their net amount for
the tax period is $7,500. The Commissioner pays this amount to
Berkley Fuels Pty Ltd after they have lodged their return for the
period, assuming that they have no other tax debts that this amount
could be offset against.
In September 2011, Berkley Fuels Pty Ltd has a total fuel tax amount
of $6,000 because they are now liable for fuel tax on their liquefied
petroleum gas. They have fuel tax credits totalling $7,500 and no fuel
tax adjustments for the month. Their net fuel amount for the tax period
is $1,500. Assuming Berkley Fuels Pty Ltd has no other tax debts
against which this amount could be offset, the Commissioner pays
them $1,500 after they lodge the return for September 2011.
2.117 If a taxpayer's net fuel amount for the tax period or the return
period is zero, they do not have to pay anything to the Commissioner for
that period, and the Commissioner does not have to pay anything to them
for that period.
48
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
Example 2.17
Continuing the previous example, in the next tax period Berkley Fuels
Pty Ltd have a total fuel tax amount of $10,000 and total fuel tax
credits of $4,600. They have a decreasing adjustment of $5,400. Their
net fuel amount for the tax period is zero. They still need to lodge a
return for the tax period but no payment or refund relating to fuel tax is
necessary.
Division 61 -- Returns, refunds and payments
Refunds
2.118 The Commonwealth is obliged to pay a taxpayer any amounts of
fuel tax credits that remain after they have netted off their fuel tax, fuel
tax credits and fuel tax adjustments for a tax period or return period
[subsection 61-5(1)]. A taxpayer is entitled to be paid the amount when they
have given the Commissioner a return [subsection 61-5(2)].
2.119 The Commonwealth is not obliged to pay a taxpayer's refund if
they have a liability arising under another Act administered by the
Commissioner. The Commissioner may apply a taxpayer's refund to the
liability and pay them any remaining refund. The Commissioner may also
be required to pay a tax refund to the Child Support Registrar or
Centrelink in order that it be applied against other Commonwealth debts.
2.120 If a taxpayer does not have a liability under another Act
administered by the Commissioner, the Commissioner is generally
required to pay them any amount by which the taxpayer's net amount for
a tax period is less than zero.
Payments
2.121 A taxpayer is obliged to pay the Commissioner an amount of
fuel tax or an amount resulting from an increasing fuel tax adjustment that
remains after fuel tax credits and decreasing fuel tax adjustments have
been netted off against their fuel tax. A taxpayer must pay the amount on
or before the day that they are required to give the Commissioner a return.
[Section 61-10]
Returns
2.122 A taxpayer must provide a return for each tax period or fuel tax
return period, so that the Commissioner knows how much to collect or
refund. Different rules may apply to instalment taxpayers, as discussed in
paragraphs 2.108 to 2.111.
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
2.123 A business taxpayer must give a return to the Commissioner for
each tax period. This return will form part of the BAS. Generally, the
return must be given to the Commissioner on or before the 21st or 28th day
(depending on the taxpayer's BAS cycle) following the end of the tax
period to which the return relates or such other period as the
Commissioner allows (depending on electronic or paper lodgement by a
tax or non-tax agent). [Subsection 61-15(1)]
2.124 A non-business taxpayer must give the Commissioner a return
by the 21st day after the end of the fuel tax return period, which is the
period specified in the return. [Subsections 61-15(2) and 61-20(1)]
2.125 A non-business taxpayer must end a fuel tax return period within
90 days or a longer period if allowed by the Commissioner, if they
become aware that they have an increasing fuel tax adjustment. [Subsection
61-20(2)]
2.126 The question of when a taxpayer becomes aware that an
adjustment is necessary, is an objective test rather than a test based on the
subjective understanding of the taxpayer. This means the taxpayer will be
taken to become aware of a fuel tax adjustment when all the facts
necessary to make a reasonable person aware are known to the taxpayer.
Division 65 -- Attribution rules
Attribution rule for fuel acquired or imported
2.127 The tax period to which a business taxpayer's fuel tax credit is
attributable depends on whether they account for GST on a cash basis or
an accrual basis.
2.128 If a taxpayer accounts for GST on a cash basis, an input tax
credit for a creditable acquisition it makes is attributable to the tax period
in which it provides consideration for that acquisition. A taxpayer will
therefore attribute fuel tax credits for an acquisition of fuel to the tax
period in which they pay for the fuel.
2.129 If a taxpayer accounts for GST on an accrual basis, an input tax
credit for a creditable acquisition it makes is attributable to the tax period
in which:
· it provides any consideration for the acquisition; or
· an invoice for the acquisition is issued (an invoice is a
document notifying an obligation to make a payment and can
include a tax invoice),
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Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
whichever is the earlier.
2.130 A taxpayer will attribute fuel tax credits for acquisitions of fuel
to the same tax period in which:
· it provided any consideration for the supply of fuel; or
· an invoice for the supply of fuel is issued,
whichever is the earlier. [Paragraph 65-5(1)(a)]
2.131 If a taxpayer does not hold a valid tax invoice when it lodges a
GST return for a tax period mentioned above, both the input tax credit and
the fuel tax credit cease to be attributable to this period. Instead, the input
tax credit and the fuel tax credit become attributable to the first tax period
for which the taxpayer gives the Commissioner a GST return at a time
when the taxpayer does hold the tax invoice.
2.132 Subsection 29-10(4) of the GST Act allows an entity to postpone
the attribution of an input tax credit. If, under this provision, attribution
of an input tax credit is postponed to a later tax period, the corresponding
fuel tax credit will also become attributable to this later period.
2.133 An input tax credit for a creditable importation is attributable to
the period in which the taxpayer pays the GST on the importation,
regardless of whether it accounts for GST on a cash or non-cash basis.
The fuel tax credit for an importation of fuel will also be attributable to
this period.
2.134 If a taxpayer's business involves providing supplies that are
input taxed, they cannot normally claim input tax credits for the GST
payable on the business inputs that relate to that supply. Under the fuel
tax law, a taxpayer is however entitled to claim a fuel tax credit for
taxable fuel that they acquire or import. A taxpayer will attribute the fuel
tax credit to the same tax period that an input tax credit would have been
attributable to, had they been allowed to claim an input tax credit in
respect of the acquisition or importation of the fuel [paragraph 65-5(1)(b)].
The tax period to which they attribute the fuel tax credit for an acquisition
of fuel will depend on whether they account for the GST on a cash or
accrual basis.
2.135 Non-business taxpayers become entitled to a fuel tax credit in
the fuel tax return period in which they acquire or import the fuel. The
meaning of `fuel tax return period' is discussed in paragraphs 2.122
to 2.126.
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Attribution rule for fuel a taxpayer manufactures
2.136 The point in time at which a taxpayer who manufactures fuel
becomes entitled to a fuel tax credit is the tax period or return period in
which the fuel was entered for home consumption. `Entered for home
consumption' means to enter the fuel in accordance with the relevant
provisions of the Excise Act 1901 or the Customs Act 1901 and is the
taxing point at which excise and customs duty applies. [Subsection 65-5(3)]
Later attribution rule for fuel tax credits
2.137 Taxpayers may choose to postpone the attribution of a fuel tax
credit to a later period. This can assist taxpayers, for example, in cases
where they are not aware they hold a tax invoice in respect of a creditable
acquisition until after they have lodged their BAS for a tax period. In
these circumstances, the GST Act allows them to postpone the attribution
of the input tax credit to any tax period after they hold a tax invoice,
subject to the four-year time limit before a fuel tax credit claim expires.
[Subsection 65-5(4)]
2.138 This rule does not apply to taxpayers who are or become
members of the Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme and make fuel tax
credit claims in relation to eligible fuel dealings prior to their
membership. Special rules for the Greenhouse Challenge Plus
Programme provide that these taxpayers would make a decreasing fuel tax
adjustment attributable to the tax period in which the taxpayer becomes a
member of the programme. The Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme
rules, including how fuel tax credits are attributed, are discussed in
paragraphs 2.98 to 2.102. [Subsection 65-5(5)]
Attribution rules for fuel tax adjustments
2.139 Increasing or decreasing fuel tax adjustments arising because the
fuel is used differently than intended or is not used at all, are attributed to
the tax period or fuel tax return period in which the taxpayer became
aware of the adjustment. [Subsection 65-10(1)]
2.140 A decreasing fuel tax adjustment arising after a taxpayer joins
the Greenhouse Challenge Plus Programme, is attributed to the tax period
in which they became a member of the programme. [Subsection 65-10(2)]
Division 70 -- Special rules about entities
2.141 The GST Act provides special rules that tailor the operation of
the GST to the way particular entities are organised. If a special GST rule
applies to the way a taxpayer's business is organised, the same rule will
generally apply to them for fuel tax credits.
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Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
Application of the fuel tax law to GST groups
2.142 Entities may form a GST group subject to the approval of the
Commissioner. If two or more taxpayers are approved as a GST group,
they are treated as a single entity for fuel tax credit purposes. This means
that under the fuel tax credit system the representative member of the
group will be entitled to claim fuel tax credits that relate to acquisitions or
importations of fuel for the group. [Section 70-5]
GST joint ventures
2.143 Under the fuel tax credit system, the operator of a joint venture
will be entitled to any fuel tax credits in respect of acquisitions or
importations of fuel it makes on behalf of the other joint venturers for the
purpose of the joint venture. [Section 70-5]
Entry and exit history rules
Entry history rule
2.144 From the time that a particular entity starts to be treated as a
single entity (ie, a GST group or a GST joint venture), that single entity
inherits the history of any fuel that the particular entity brings with them
into the single entity. [Subsection 70-10(1)]
Example 2.18
K Co and M Co form a GST group to provide on-road freight
transport. Prior to forming the group, K Co acquires fuel for use in
off-road applications in its primary production enterprise and claims a
fuel tax credit. The fuel is then used by the group in its transport
business. The group is taken to have acquired the fuel for the purposes
for which K Co acquired it. The resulting increasing fuel tax
adjustment (because of the road-user charge payable) for the different
use of the fuel will be made by the group, rather than by K Co.
Exit history rule
2.145 From the time that a particular entity ceases to be treated as a
single entity (ie, a GST group or a GST joint venture), that particular
entity inherits the history of any fuel that they take with them from the
single entity. [Subsection 70-10(2)]
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Example 2.19
Patrick, Michael and Tony are farmers who, together with Meixner
Trust, operate as a GST group. They acquire fuel for use in tractors
and other farm machinery. When Patrick decides to leave the group,
he takes a portion of the fuel and uses it for non-business purposes.
Patrick is taken to have acquired the fuel for the purposes that the
group acquired it. The resulting increasing fuel tax adjustment for the
different use of the fuel will be made by Patrick, rather than by the
group.
Application of fuel tax law to religious practitioners and religious
institutions
2.146 Under the GST law, activities performed by a religious
practitioner, as a religious practitioner of a religious institution, will be
taken to be the activities of the religious institution (and not the activities
of the religious practitioner). Consequently, a religious practitioner will
not carry on an enterprise by performing these activities. The result is that
these religious practitioners will not be eligible (or need) to register for
the GST for these activities. The same rule will apply to these entities
under the fuel tax law. [Section 70-20]
Application of fuel tax law to GST branches, resident agents and
non-profit sub-entities
GST branches
2.147 Some business entities operate through a divisional or branch
structure. Their normal accounting practice may be to account on a
branch or divisional basis and amalgamate their accounts once a year. As
these entities are able to register branches separately for GST, each branch
accounts for the input tax credits on the creditable acquisitions and
importations that it makes. Similarly, under the fuel tax credits system
each branch will claim fuel tax credits for the acquisitions or importation
of fuel, separately from their parent entity. However, the parent entity
still bears legal responsibility and is required to lodge a return in relation
to each of its GST branches for each tax period. [Section 70-30]
Resident agents acting for non-residents
2.148 Under the GST law, non-residents can register for the GST if
they are carrying on an enterprise. If a non-resident entity is registered for
the GST and has a resident agent, the resident agent is required to be
registered from when he or she starts acting as the agent. The resident
agent is required to be registered because they are liable for the GST on
taxable supplies and taxable importations made by the non-resident
54
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
through them. The resident agent is entitled to input tax credits on
creditable acquisitions and creditable importations that the non-resident
makes through them. The resident agent also has any adjustments that
relate to those supplies, acquisitions or importations. Under the Fuel Tax
Bill 2006, fuel tax credits on the acquisition, manufacture or importation
of fuel will be claimed by the resident agent and not by the non-resident.
[Section 70-30]
Non-profit sub-entities
2.149 The GST law allows certain non-profit entities to choose to treat
separately identifiable sections of their organisation as though they are
separate entities for GST purposes. These are called non-profit
sub-entities. A non-profit sub-entity is also treated as a separate entity for
the purposes of fuel tax law.
2.150 The GST law also allows a registered non-profit sub-entity to
choose to group with the core entity or with other registered non-profit
sub-entities if they meet the general requirements for grouping in Division
48 of the GST Act. This enables an organisation to effectively eliminate
the GST effects of transactions between grouped members. The same rule
will apply to these entities under the fuel tax law. [Section 70-30]
Incapacitated entities
2.151 Where an incapacitated entity (including an entity that is
bankrupt, liquidated or in receivership) has a representative (defined in the
GST Act), provisions of the GST law govern the registration of the
representative as a representative of the incapacitated entity. The GST
law also aligns the tax periods of a registered representative with those
applying to the incapacitated entity and sets out rules for adjustments the
representative makes for supplies, acquisitions and importations made by
the incapacitated entity made before the representative was appointed.
2.152 Section 70-25 applies the same registration requirements to
representatives of incapacitated fuel tax credit claimants and the fuel tax
adjustments the representative makes in relation to the incapacitated
entities' prior activities would follow the same arrangements as
adjustments they make for GST purposes. [Section 70-25]
55
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Division 75 -- Anti-avoidance
2.153 The anti-avoidance provisions in the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 is based
on the anti-avoidance provisions in the GST Act. Their purpose is to
prevent schemes that are designed to obtain fuel tax benefits by taking
advantage of the fuel tax law in circumstances other than those intended
by the fuel tax law.
2.154 The anti-avoidance provisions apply to schemes which seek to
reduce or delay paying fuel tax or increase or bring forward a refund of
fuel tax.
Explanation of the provisions
2.155 The anti-avoidance provisions can be divided into two parts.
They are:
· the criteria for the application of the anti-avoidance
provision -- [Subdivision 75-A]; and
· the provisions dealing with the consequences of the
anti-avoidance provisions applying -- [Subdivision 75-B].
2.156 These provisions apply where an entity (referred to as the
avoider) has obtained fuel tax benefits from a scheme, and it is concluded
that the dominant purpose of the scheme (or part of the scheme) is to give
an entity a fuel tax benefit, or a principal effect of a scheme (or part of a
scheme) is to give the avoider a fuel tax benefit. [Subsection 75-5(1)]
2.157 Three requirements must be satisfied before the anti-avoidance
provisions apply:
· there must be a scheme;
· an entity must obtain a fuel tax benefit from the scheme:
- the concept of a fuel tax benefit will cover reducing the
fuel tax payable, increasing a refund, delaying payment
of fuel tax and bringing forward a refund of fuel tax; and
· it is reasonable to conclude, taking into account a list of
relevant factors, that:
- the sole or dominant purpose of an entity that entered
into or carried out the scheme (or part of the scheme)
was to obtain a fuel tax benefit for any entity; or
56
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
- a principal effect of the scheme (or part of the scheme)
was to obtain a fuel tax benefit for the avoider.
2.158 If the anti-avoidance provisions apply, the Commissioner can
make the scheme ineffective for fuel tax purposes. The Commissioner
can do this by making a declaration that has the effect of negating the fuel
tax benefit obtained by the avoider under the scheme. [Subdivision 75-B]
2.159 The Commissioner can also make a declaration that has the
effect of compensating an entity that is disadvantaged by the scheme or
part of the scheme, if:
· a declaration has been made against the avoider in relation
to the scheme or part of the scheme; and
· the Commissioner considers it fair and reasonable that the
disadvantage be negated or reduced.
2.160 In making any declaration in this Division, the Commissioner
can disregard the scheme and reconstruct the events that took place.
2.161 Decisions made under Division 75 will be reviewable fuel tax
decisions, and will be subject to rights of objection under the
Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA 1953).
Explanation of the specific rules -- Subdivision 75-A
2.162 There are three requirements that must be satisfied before
Division 75 will apply (see paragraph 2.156).
Requirement 1: There must be a scheme
2.163 `Scheme' has the meaning given by subsection 165-10(2) of the
GST Act and means:
· any express or implied arrangement, agreement,
understanding, promise or undertaking. An arrangement,
agreement, understanding, promise or undertaking will still
come within the definition of `scheme' even if it is not, or is
not intended to be, enforceable by legal proceedings; or
· any scheme, plan, proposal, action, course of action or
course of conduct, whether unilateral or otherwise.
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Requirement 2: An entity must get a fuel tax benefit from a scheme
2.164 The concept of an entity getting a `fuel tax benefit' from a
scheme is defined in subsection 75-10(1).
2.165 An entity gets a fuel tax benefit when it:
· does not pay fuel tax or pays less fuel tax;
· obtains payment or increased payment of a refund;
· pays fuel tax later; or
· gets a refund earlier.
[Subsection 75-5(1)]
2.166 An `amount' includes a nil amount -- see the definition of
`amount' in section 110-5. As a consequence the proposed anti-avoidance
rules apply where:
· an amount payable by an entity is reduced to zero or nil
because of a scheme [subsection 75-10(1)(a)]; or
· an amount payable to the entity is increased from zero or nil
because of a scheme [subsection 75-10(1)(b)].
2.167 The two outcomes described in paragraph 2.165 cover the cases
where, because of a scheme, a net amount payable by the entity to the
Commissioner becomes a refund payable by the Commissioner to the
entity, that is:
· the part of the fuel tax benefit involving the actual amount
payable by the entity to the Commissioner (ie, zero or nil) is
reduced from the amount that should have been paid
[subsection 75-10(1)(a)]; or
· the part of the fuel tax benefit involving the actual amount
payable by the Commissioner to the entity is increased from
the amount that should have been paid (ie, zero or nil)
[subsection 75-10(1)(b)].
What connection does there need to be between the fuel tax benefit and
the scheme?
2.168 An entity will get a fuel tax benefit from a scheme if a fuel tax
benefit should not have arisen, or could not reasonably be expected to
58
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
have arisen, apart from the scheme or part of the scheme.
[Subsection 75-10(1)]
2.169 This involves an enquiry into what would have occurred if the
scheme or part of the scheme had not been entered into or carried out.
2.170 An entity that gets a fuel tax benefit from a scheme, even if the
entity claims it would not have entered into any type of transaction had
the actual scheme not been entered into, can still have that fuel tax benefit
negated. [Subsection 75-10(2)]
An entity can get benefits from part of a scheme
2.171 Fuel tax benefits may arise from a single transaction. To ensure
that the anti-avoidance provisions apply appropriately and effectively to a
fuel tax benefit arising from a single transaction, specific rules provide
that a fuel tax benefit can arise from part of a scheme. [Subsection 75-10(1)]
2.172 The fact that a fuel tax benefit can arise from part of a scheme is
reflected throughout the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 dealing with anti-avoidance.
Requirement 3: The purpose or effect of the scheme was to obtain a fuel
tax benefit
2.173 The final requirement for the application of Division 75 is that
the purpose or the effect of the scheme or part of the scheme was to obtain
a fuel tax benefit. [Paragraph 75-5(1)(c)]
2.174 This requires one of two tests to be satisfied -- either the
purpose test or the effect test.
What is the purpose test?
2.175 This third requirement is satisfied if it is reasonable to conclude
an entity entered into or carried out the scheme or part of the scheme with
the sole or dominant purpose of that entity or another entity getting a fuel
tax benefit from the scheme. [Subparagraph 75-5(1)(c)(i)]
2.176 For the purposes of this test, the entity whose purpose is
determined:
· is the entity which entered into or carried out the scheme or
part of the scheme, alone or with others; but
· need not be the avoider.
2.177 The dominant purpose is the ruling, prevailing or most
influential purpose.
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
What is the effect test?
2.178 Alternatively, this third requirement is satisfied if a principal
effect of the scheme or part of the scheme is that the avoider got the
relevant fuel tax benefit. [Subparagraph 75-5(1)(c)(ii)]
2.179 The test is different from the purpose test in that it applies
specifically to the avoider and the fuel tax benefit obtained by the avoider.
2.180 For this test, a principal effect is an important effect, as opposed
to merely an incidental effect.
What matters are to be considered in determining purpose or effect?
2.181 The matters outlined below are taken into account in coming to a
reasonable conclusion about the purpose or effect of the scheme or part of
the scheme. [Subsection 75-15(1)]
2.182 The matters apply to parts of a scheme in the same way as they
apply to a scheme. [Subsection 75-15(2)]
2.183 The matters to be considered are:
· the manner in which the scheme or part of the scheme was
entered into or carried out [paragraph 75-15(1)(a)]. The terms
`manner', `entered into' and `carried out' are terms that allow
various matters to be taken into account. The terms are not
given any restricted meaning. `Manner' would include
consideration of the way in which, and method or procedure
by which, the particular scheme or part of the scheme in
question was established. The scheme or part of the scheme
for these purposes would be the particular means adopted by
an entity to obtain the fuel tax benefit;
· the form and substance of the scheme or part of the scheme
[paragraph 75-15(1)(b)]. This matter will specifically include
considering the legal rights and obligations involved in the
scheme or part of the scheme [subparagraph 75-15(1)(b)(i)] and
the economic and commercial substance of the scheme
[subparagraph 75-15(1)(b)(ii)]. Both of these issues will be
important in considering `purpose' or `effect' of the scheme;
· the purpose or object of these Bills, the Excise Act 1901,
the Excise Tariff Act 1921, the Customs Act 1901, the
Customs Tariff Act 1995, the Energy Grants (Credits)
Scheme Act 2003 and the GST Act (to the extent that they are
relevant) and any relevant provisions of those Acts [paragraph
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Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
Benefits are derived under avoidance schemes
75-15(1)(c)].
contrary to the purpose or object of the law. The purpose or
object of the law is therefore a relevant consideration.
Whether or not the purpose or object of these Bills or any
relevant provision is expressly stated will not affect the
relevance of this matter;
· the timing of the scheme or part of the scheme
This matter may be particularly
[paragraph 75-15(1)(d)].
relevant in cases where the fuel tax benefit involves timing
benefits;
· the period over which the scheme or part of the scheme is
entered into or carried out [paragraph 75-15(1)(e)];
· the effect that these Bills have in relation to the scheme or
part of the scheme [paragraph 75-15(1)(f)];
· any change in the avoider's financial position that results, or
may reasonably be expected to result from the scheme or part
of the scheme [paragraph 75-15(1)(g)];
· any change in the financial position of an entity connected
to the avoider that results, or may reasonably be expected to
result [paragraph 75-15(1)(h)]. A connected entity is an entity
that has or had a connection or dealing with the avoider,
whether or not that connection or dealing is or was of a
family, business or other nature;
· any other consequence for the avoider or a connected entity
of the scheme or part of the scheme having been entered into
or carried out [paragraph 75-15(1)(i)];
· the nature of the connection or dealing between the avoider
and a connected entity [paragraph 75-15(1)(j)]. This matter will
include considering whether any dealing between the avoider
and the connected entity was at arm's length;
· the circumstances surrounding the scheme or part of the
scheme [paragraph 75-15(1)(k)]. This allows an enquiry into
matters and events prior to an entity entering into or
commencing a scheme or part of a scheme; and
· any other relevant circumstances [paragraph 75-15(1)(l)]. This
ensures any relevant circumstance not otherwise covered is
taken into account.
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Does it matter where the scheme is entered into or carried out?
2.184 The fact that any part of a scheme is entered into or carried out
outside of Australia does not affect the application of Division 75.
[Subsection 75-5(2)]
Explanation of the specific rules -- Subdivision 75-B: the Commissioner
may negate effects of schemes
2.185 Subdivision 75-B makes the outcome of a `scheme' to which
this Division applies ineffective.
The Commissioner can make declarations making an avoider's fuel tax
benefits ineffective
2.186 If Division 75 applies to a scheme, the Commissioner can make
a declaration negating the avoider's fuel tax benefit. The declaration can
state that the avoider's net amount for a specified tax period or return
period is, and at all times has been, a particular amount. [Section 75-40]
2.187 Declarations made by the Commissioner under this section will
be reviewable fuel tax decisions.
The Commissioner can make declarations compensating an entity other
than the avoider
2.188 The Commissioner can also make a declaration compensating an
entity other than the avoider for a fuel tax disadvantage that entity has got
from the scheme. [Section 75-45]
2.189 Three conditions must be satisfied before the Commissioner can
make such a declaration for a particular entity (referred to as `the loser'):
· the Commissioner must have made a declaration in relation
to the avoider's fuel tax benefit [paragraph 75-45(1)(a)];
· the Commissioner considers the loser gets a fuel tax
disadvantage from the scheme [paragraph 75-45(1)(b)]. A `fuel
tax disadvantage' from a scheme is defined in
subsection 75-45(2); and
· the Commissioner considers it fair and reasonable to adjust
or negate the loser's fuel tax disadvantage
[paragraph 75-45(1)(c)].
2.190 The Commissioner's declaration can compensate for the fuel tax
disadvantage by stating that the loser's net amount for a specified tax
62
Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
period or return period is, and at all times has been, a particular amount.
[Subsection 75-45(3)]
2.191 The declaration cannot have the effect of placing the loser in a
more favourable position for fuel tax than the loser would have been in
apart from the scheme or part of the scheme [subsection 75-45(4)]. A
reference to a `net amount' under the declaration not being less than the
net amount would have been apart from the scheme or part of the scheme
covers the case of a refund not being greater than it would have been apart
from the scheme or part of a scheme.
2.192 An entity can request in writing that the Commissioner make a
compensating declaration for that entity. The Commissioner must decide
whether to grant the request, and give the entity written notice of the
decision. [Paragraph 75-45(5)]
2.193 Any declaration made, as well as any decision not to make a
declaration by the Commissioner, is a reviewable fuel tax decision.
Objections can be lodged against the declaration as set out in Division 3
of Part IVC of the TAA 1953.
The Commissioner can disregard any part of the scheme in making
declarations
2.194 The Commissioner can disregard the scheme or any part of the
scheme in making a declaration to negate an avoider's fuel tax benefit, or
to negate or reduce a loser's fuel tax disadvantage, arising from that
scheme or part of that scheme. [Section 75-55]
2.195 The Commissioner may do all or any of the following:
· treat an event that actually happened as not having happened
at all [paragraph 75-55(a)], as having happened at a particular
time or as having involved particular action by a particular
entity [paragraph 75-55(c)];
· treat an event that did not actually happen as having
happened, and if appropriate, as having happened at a
particular time or as having involved particular action by a
particular entity [paragraph 75-55(b)].
2.196 This allows the Commissioner to disregard the scheme or part of
the scheme and reconstruct the events that took place. The reconstruction
is linked to finding the most economically equivalent transaction to the
scheme or part of the scheme.
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Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Amounts are payable in accordance with the declaration
2.197 A declaration negating a fuel tax benefit, or negating or reducing
a fuel tax disadvantage has effect according to its terms. [Section 75-50]
2.198 Adjustments to amounts payable by the entity to the
Commissioner because of a declaration, are payable under Division 61 of
the Bill, which deals with payments by an entity of net amounts for a tax
period and GST on taxable importations to the Commissioner.
2.199 Adjustments to amounts payable by the Commissioner to the
entity because of a declaration, are payable under Division 61 of the Bill,
which deals with refunds by the Commissioner of net amounts to an
entity.
Other administrative matters
One declaration can cover several tax periods or importations
2.200 Statements relating to various tax periods or return periods can
be included in a single declaration. [Section 75-60]
A copy of a declaration must be given to the entity affected
2.201 The Commissioner must provide a copy of a declaration to the
entity whose net amount for a tax period or return period is stated in the
declaration. [Subsection 75-65(1)]
2.202 Failure to satisfy this requirement does not affect the validity of
the declaration [subsection 75-65(2)]. The requirement is formal in nature
and does not nullify the operation of the Division to any scheme or part of
a scheme.
Division 95 -- Miscellaneous provisions
Section 95-5 -- Determination of blends that no longer constitute fuels
2.203 An entity may produce blends of fuel products with other
products, for use other than as a fuel -- for example, for use as a solvent.
If the blend can be used as a fuel, the end user will claim a fuel tax credit
for that fuel under section 41-5. Some of these blends incorporate the
addition of non-excisable products to fuels -- for example, a
non-excisable product such as methyl ethyl ketone is blended with
toluene, a fuel, to make thinners. At some point in time the non-excisable
product makes up a sufficient component of the blend, so that the end
product does not present a significant risk of substitution as fuel.
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Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
2.204 The Commissioner may determine by legislative instrument that
such a fuel blend does not constitute a fuel [subsection 95-5(1)]. If the
Commissioner has made such a determination then the producer of the
blend is considered to have used the fuel, rather than the end user, and is
entitled to a fuel tax credit.
2.205 There are several factors that the Commissioner must take into
consideration when making the determination [subsection 95-5(3)]. The
factor that he must give greatest weight to is the risk that the blend may be
used as a fuel and the resulting financial impact on the Commonwealth
[paragraph 95-5(3)(d)].
Section 95-10 -- Application of this law to the Commonwealth
2.206 Fuel tax liability may not extend to the Commonwealth and
there are certain `untaxable Commonwealth entities' that take the
definition in the GST law. To ensure that Commonwealth entities are also
effectively covered by the fuel tax regime, a notional entitlement to fuel
tax credits subsists with these Commonwealth entities, and fuel tax
adjustments (explained in paragraphs 2.89 to 2.97) are made notionally.
2.207 The Minister for Finance and Administration is authorised to
give written directions as to the transfer of moneys in Commonwealth
entities' accounts and anything else in relation to notional fuel tax credit
entitlements and adjustments.
2.208 A written direction given by the Minister for Finance
and Administration under this provision is not a legislative instrument
as it does not fall within the definition given in section 5 of the Legislative
Instruments Act 2003. [Section 95-10]
Section 95-100 -- Regulations
2.209 The Governor-General is authorised to make regulations
prescribing matters that are either required or permitted to be prescribed,
or that are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or
giving effect to an Act. [Section 95-100]
65
Chapter 3
Transitional and consequential provisions
Outline of chapter
3.1 Schedules 1 to 3 to the Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional
Provisions) Bill 2006 amend the:
· Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000;
· Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003;
· Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000;
· States Grants (Petroleum Products) Act 1965; and
· Fuel Tax Bill 2006,
to provide transitional arrangements for the fuel tax credit system
canvassed in the Fuel Tax Bill 2006.
Context of reform
A fuel tax credit system
3.2 As part of the Government's fuel tax system reform, a single
fuel tax credit system is implemented from 1 July 2006 to replace the
existing complex system of grants and rebates.
Existing schemes of fuel tax relief
3.3 Fuel grants affected by the Fuel Tax (Consequential and
Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006 exist under the Energy Grants (Credits)
Scheme Act 2003 and the Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000 that are
administered under the Product Grants Benefits Administration Act 2000.
A states-administered scheme also exists under the States Grants
(Petroleum Products) Act 1965.
3.4 The Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme (EGCS) provides an
energy grant for the use of diesel fuel (and alternative fuels in the case of
67
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
the on-road credit) in activities that are eligible for an off-road credit and
an on-road credit.
3.5 Eligibility for the off-road credit under the EGCS is restricted to
the business use of diesel and diesel-like fuels (such as fuel oil and burner
fuels) in specified activities. These activities mainly occur in mining,
primary production and rail and marine transport. Other activities include
the generation of electricity at retail/hospitality and residential premises,
and the use of fuel at hospitals, nursing homes and aged persons homes.
3.6 Eligibility for the on-road credit is confined to the use of diesel
and specified alternative fuels (liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural
gas, compressed natural gas, biodiesel and ethanol). Its purpose is to
reduce transport costs, particularly for regional and rural Australia where
costs are more pronounced. It is also intended to maintain the pre-GST
(goods and services tax) price relativities between diesel and alternative
fuels by providing a credit for the use of specified alternative fuels in
applications that are eligible for a diesel on-road credit. Eligibility for the
on-road credit is restricted to the use of eligible fuels in vehicles
weighing:
· over 20 tonnes gross vehicle mass operating in all areas;
· between 4.5 tonnes and 20 tonnes gross vehicle mass only
when operating outside of or across defined metropolitan
boundaries. The metropolitan boundaries do not apply to
emergency vehicles, primary producers and buses using
alternative fuels.
3.7 The Fuel Sales Grants Scheme provides a fuel sales grant for the
sale of gasoline or diesel (not used as an aviation fuel) that is sold in a
non-metropolitan or remote area after 30 June 2000.
3.8 The States Grants (Petroleum Products) Act 1965 gives
financial assistance to users of petroleum-based fuels in designated remote
regional and rural locations in Australia who would otherwise have to pay
higher prices for fuels due to the additional costs in transporting and
distributing fuel to those locations.
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Transitional and consequential provisions
Phased changes
3.9 The Fuel Tax Bill 2006 implements the Government's decision
that a fuel tax credit system commence from 1 July 2006. That Bill sets
out the general principle that a taxpayer is entitled to a fuel tax credit for
fuel acquired or manufactured in, or imported into, Australia for use in
carrying on their enterprise, as well as setting out further rules affecting
eligibility and how credits are claimed.
3.10 The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions)
Bill 2006 provides for the phased implementation of the fuel tax credit
system to particular uses of fuel at certain times from 1 July 2006 to
1 July 2012, when the final changes are in place.
3.11 The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions)
Bill 2006 also provides for the phasing out of the existing grants schemes
between 1 July 2006 and 1 July 2010, while allowing outstanding claims
to be made, before abolishing these schemes by 1 July 2012.
Timeframe of the transitional provisions
The fuel tax credit system
3.12 The fuel tax credit system applies from 1 July 2006 to fuels
acquired or manufactured in, or imported into, Australia.
Application of current schemes
3.13 Entitlement to a fuel sales grant is limited to sales of fuel to end
users occurring before 1 July 2006. Taxpayers entitled to a fuel sales grant
have six months after that to claim outstanding entitlements.
3.14 Entitlement to an energy grant for diesel is limited to fuel
purchased or imported before 1 July 2006. Taxpayers entitled to an energy
grant will have 12 months after that to claim outstanding entitlements
under the EGCS.
3.15 Entitlement to an energy grant for alternative fuels purchased or
imported for eligible on-road activities is limited to fuel purchased before
1 July 2010. Taxpayers entitled to an energy grant for on-road alternative
fuel are provided with a 12-month transitional period to claim outstanding
entitlements under the EGCS.
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Eligibility for a fuel tax credit
3.16 Between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2012, a taxpayer who would
have been eligible for an off-road credit under the EGCS is entitled to a
fuel tax credit.
3.17 From 1 July 2006, a taxpayer is entitled to a fuel tax credit for
the on-road business use of all taxable fuels (generally, fuels subject to
excise and customs duty) in vehicles weighing over 4.5 tonnes gross
vehicle mass. Any pre-existing entitlement to a grant for fuel use in
vehicles weighing 4.5 tonnes gross vehicle mass, acquired before
1 July 2006, is preserved in the fuel tax credit system.
3.18 From 1 July 2008, eligibility for a fuel tax credit for currently
eligible off-road activities expands to include petrol.
3.19 From 1 July 2008, eligibility for a fuel tax credit extends to
diesel or petrol used in off-road business activities currently ineligible for
an energy grant. This takes the form of a half credit until 1 July 2012,
when it becomes a full credit.
3.20 From 1 July 2011, coinciding with bringing alternative fuels into
the fuel tax system, a taxpayer acquiring or importing an alternative fuel
for off-road business use is entitled to claim a fuel tax credit.
When do the current schemes finish?
3.21 The Fuel Sales Grants Scheme and the Petroleum Products
Freight Subsidy Scheme cease to operate from 1 January 2007 and
1 July 2007 respectively. The EGCS phases out from 1 July 2006, before
ceasing to operate on and from 1 July 2012.
Early payment of fuel tax credits
3.22 The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions)
Bill 2006 provides for the early payment of fuel tax credits to certain
entities for a two year transitional period.
3.23 Under the arrangement, eligible taxpayers may elect to make
claims for the early payment of fuel tax credit entitlements. These
amendments will ameliorate negative cash flow effects that may be
associated with claiming credits via the business activity statement.
3.24 These amendments are transitional in nature and apply only in
respect of fuel acquired, manufactured or imported between 1 July 2006
and 30 June 2008 (inclusive).
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Transitional and consequential provisions
Detailed explanation of new law
3.25 The purpose of the Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional
Provisions) Bill 2006 is to provide a seamless transition to the fuel tax
credits system during the period from 1 July 2006 to 1 July 2012 by
ensuring existing claimants are preserved and by setting out arrangements
for outstanding claims arising out of the current grants systems.
3.26 In the transitional period, entitlement to a fuel tax credit is
progressively phased in and entitlements under the Fuel Sales Grants
Scheme, the EGCS and the Petroleum Products Freight Subsidy Scheme
cease to arise from 1 July 2006.
Fuel Sales Grants Scheme
3.27 A fuel sales grant under the Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000 applies
only to fuel sales before 1 July 2006. [Schedule 1, item 1, paragraph 7(c) of the
Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000]
3.28 Fuel sales grant claims under the Product Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000 must be lodged with the Commissioner of
Taxation (Commissioner) before 1 January 2007, even if 1 January 2007
is within the three-year claiming period from the start of the claim period.
[Schedule 1, items 2 and 3, and paragraph 15(2)(da) of the Product Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000]
3.29 The Fuel Sales Grants Scheme ceases to operate on
1 January 2007 and the Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000 is repealed from that
date. References in the Product Grants and Benefits Administration
Act 2000 to fuel sales grants are deleted in accordance with the repeal of
the Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000. [Schedule 1, items 4 to 8, section 8 (item 1 in the
table), subsection 9(3), paragraph 15(2)(da) and subparagraphs 47(3)(c)(ia) and (d)(ia)
of the Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000]
Petroleum Products Freight Subsidy Scheme
3.30 The Petroleum Products Freight Subsidy Scheme, administered
by the States and Territories, ceases to apply to fuel sales and deliveries of
petroleum products after 30 June 2006.
3.31 The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional) Bill 2006 repeals
the State Grants (Petroleum Products) Act 1965 on 1 July 2007, allowing
outstanding claims to be made until 30 June 2007. [Schedule 2, items 1 to 5]
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme
3.32 Entitlement to an energy grant for an on-road credit or an
off-road credit for diesel applies only to diesel fuel purchased or imported
before 1 July 2006. [Schedule 3, items 2 to 5, and sections 40 and 51 of the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003]
3.33 Energy grant claims for diesel under the Product Grants and
Benefits Administration Act 2000 must be lodged with the Commissioner
before 1 July 2007, even if 1 January 2007 is within the three-year
claiming period from the start of the claim period. [Schedule 3, items 3, 5 and
6, notes to sections 40 and 51 of the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003 and
paragraphs 15(2)(db) and 15(2)(e) of the Products Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000]
3.34 An alternative mechanism, under the Fuel Tax Bill 2006, allows
an entitlement for an on-road or an off-road credit for diesel fuel
purchased or imported between 1 July 2003 and 30 June 2006 to be
claimed as a decreasing fuel tax adjustment. [Schedule 3, items 3, 5 and 9, and
notes to sections 40 and 51 of the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003]
3.35 The amount of the adjustment is equivalent to the amount of the
credit that would have been payable under the Energy Grants (Credits)
Scheme Act 2003. [Schedule 3, item 9]
3.36 Only one claim can be made with respect to the fuel, through
either of the claiming avenues described in paragraphs 3.29 to 3.32.
[Schedule 3, items 7 and 9, and subsection 15(2) of the Product Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000]
Example 3.1
On 26 June 2006 Maxwell buys diesel fuel for use in cultivating his
potato crops and is entitled to an off-road credit under the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003. Maxwell may make a
claim in one of two ways. He can claim a grant from the
Commissioner through the current claiming mechanism under the
Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000 or, alternatively,
he can claim a credit under the fuel tax credit system by making a
decreasing fuel tax adjustment on his business activity statement
(BAS). If he wishes to use the current claiming mechanism, he must
do so before 1 July 2007. Alternatively, if he does not wish to make a
claim under the Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000
before 1 July 2007 he may claim a credit of an equivalent amount
under the fuel tax credit system provided the adjustment is made for a
tax period that ends before 1 July 2009.
3.37 Entitlement to an energy grant for an on-road credit for on-road
alternative fuel use continues for alternative fuels acquired or imported
72
Transitional and consequential provisions
before 1 July 2010. [Schedule 3, items 13 to 17, and section 15 of the
Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000]
3.38 Similar to the transitional arrangements for outstanding claims
for energy grants for diesel use, a claimant has a 12-month period up to
and including 30 June 2011 in which to lodge a claim with the
Commissioner for an energy grant under the Product Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000 with respect to on-road alternative fuel. [Schedule
3, item 13, and paragraph 15(2)(da) of the Products Grants and Benefits Administration
Act 2000]
3.39 An alternative claiming mechanism also exists under the
Fuel Tax Bill 2006 where a taxpayer can make a decreasing fuel tax
adjustment, of an amount equivalent to the amount of the credit that
would have been payable under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme
Act 2003, for the eligible use of on-road alternative fuel acquired or
imported before 1 July 2010. [Schedule 3, item 17]
3.40 Only one claim can be made with respect to the fuel, through
either of the claiming avenues described in paragraphs 3.34 to 3.36
[Schedule 3, items 15 to 17, and subsection 15(2A) of the Product Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000]
Phasing in of new credit entitlements -- 1 July 2006
3.41 When the fuel tax credit system commences on 1 July 2006, a
taxpayer is only entitled to a credit for fuel for use in a vehicle travelling
on a public road (including incidental use in relation to the vehicle) and
for certain specified off-road activities. [Schedule 3, items 10 and 11]
3.42 A taxpayer using fuel off-road in generating electricity, other
than as a fuel, as a fuel in an internal combustion engine, or as heating oil,
is entitled to a credit. [Schedule 3, items 10 and 11]
3.43 In addition, a taxpayer using diesel fuel for travel on-road that is
not a public road, in an activity that would have given rise to an on-road
credit under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003 (but for
on-road use other than on a public road), is eligible for a credit as though
the travel on-road were travel on a public road. [Schedule 3, items 10 and 11]
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
3.44 However, where the fuel use is in vehicles of gross vehicle mass
over 4.5 tonnes, the amount of fuel tax credit a claimant is entitled to from
1 July 2006 is decreased by the amount of the road-user charge, in
accordance with the general entitlement rules of the fuel tax credit system.
Example 3.2
Malicia's Transport Pty Ltd has a contract to transport munitions to a
large defence training area. After driving to this training area on
public roads, trucks must travel long distances on roads around the
training area to deliver munitions to different areas before leaving.
As all of this transport activity would have been eligible for an energy
grant under the EGCS, the company is entitled to a fuel tax credit for
the diesel fuel it acquires after 1 July 2006 for use in the same activity.
For the purposes of calculating the amount of fuel tax credit
entitlements, the fuel is treated as if it had been purchased for use in a
vehicle travelling on a public road. The amount that Malicia's
Transport Pty Ltd can claim as a fuel tax credit will therefore take into
account any applicable road-user charge.
3.45 A taxpayer using diesel in an activity that would have given rise
to an off-road credit under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003
is eligible for a credit. [Schedule 3, items 10 and 11]
Example 3.3
Maloney's Transport Pty Ltd transports logs from a forest coupe to a
saw mill for processing. As the company's transportation of logs on
private roads is forestry, and forestry was an eligible activity of
primary production under the EGCS, Maloney's Transport Pty Ltd
would have been entitled to an off-road credit. From 1 July 2006, the
company is eligible for a fuel tax credit for the diesel fuel it acquires
for the same activity of transporting logs on private roads.
Phasing in of new credit entitlements -- 1 July 2008 to 1 July 2012
3.46 Entitlement to a credit under the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 broadens
from 1 July 2008 to include circumstances where taxpayers acquire or
manufacture in, or import into, Australia diesel or petrol that would not
have been eligible for an energy grants off-road credit under the EGCS.
This is initially a half credit from 1 July 2008 and becomes a full credit
from 1 July 2012. [Schedule 3, item 11]
Example 3.4
Madagascar Earthmoving Contractors currently uses diesel to power
earthmoving equipment used in civil construction activities. Civil
construction activities are not eligible for an off-road credit under the
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Transitional and consequential provisions
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003. Madagascar Earthmoving
Contractors is eligible for a credit of 50 per cent for fuel it buys from
1 July 2008 for use not on a public road in civil construction. From
1 July 2012, the company is eligible for a full credit for the fuel it
buys.
3.47 From 1 July 2011, when effective fuel tax begins to be imposed
on alternative fuels, a taxpayer is eligible for a full credit for acquiring,
manufacturing or importing any alternative fuel for use off-road.
[Schedule 3, item 11]
3.48 The Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003 is repealed on
1 July 2012 when the fuel tax credit scheme has been fully implemented.
References in the Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000 to
energy grants credits are also deleted in accordance with the repeal of the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003. [Schedule 3, items 13 to 16B,
sections 5, 8 and 27A, and subsections 9(4) and 27(1A) of the Product Grants and
Benefits Administration Act 2000]
Credits for vehicles of 4.5 tonnes
3.49 The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions)
Bill 2006 grandfathers entitlements that previously existed under the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003 for the on-road use of diesel
fuel in vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of 4.5 tonnes. A credit applies
to certain uses of diesel fuel in a vehicle with a gross vehicle mass
of 4.5 tonnes where the taxpayer has acquired the vehicle prior to
1 July 2006. This entitlement continues under the fuel tax credit scheme
beyond when the EGCS is abolished. [Schedule 3, item 12]
Example 3.5
Mustafa bought his 12-seater mini bus (gross vehicle mass 4.5 tonnes)
in January 2006. He uses it for his business of transporting passengers
and has been entitled to claim an on-road credit for the diesel fuel he
purchases for use in his mini bus. From 1 July 2006 Mustafa is
entitled to a fuel tax credit for diesel fuel for use in the mini-bus for
travelling on a public road, for incidental use in relation to the vehicle
and for any other use that would have previously entitled him to an
on-road credit.
Early payment of fuel tax credits
3.50 The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions)
Bill 2006 enables eligible taxpayers to make a claim for the payment of a
credit without having to wait until they lodge a BAS.
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
3.51 This arrangement is transitional in nature and applies only in
respect of fuel acquired, manufactured or imported between 1 July 2006
and 30 June 2008 (inclusive). [Schedule 3, items 12A, 23A, 23B, 34A and 34B]
Eligibility for the arrangement
3.52 The arrangement for early payment of fuel tax credits ensures a
smooth transition to the new claiming arrangements for taxpayers that
currently claim energy grants or receive fuel excise-free or at a
concessional rate. Eligibility for the arrangement is restricted to entities
that:
· were entitled to an energy grant under the Energy Grants
(Credits) Scheme Act 2003;
· acquire, manufacture or import fuel for use other than as a
fuel;
· use burner fuels for business use;
· supply burner fuels to private consumers for domestic
heating; or
· package and sell fuel, such as kerosene, in small containers
for use other than in an internal combustion engine.
[Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(1)(c)]
3.53 A special rule applies to goods and services tax (GST) groups
and GST joint ventures, in view of the fact that they, in their capacity as
single entities, could not have been entitled to an energy grant under the
Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme (EGCS) but their members may have
been.
3.54 Under this special rule, the representative member of a GST
group will be entitled to receive early payments on behalf of the group if
it or another member of the group was entitled to an energy grant under
the EGCS. Similarly, the joint venture operator of a GST joint venture
will be entitled to receive early payments on behalf of the joint venture if
it or another participant in the joint venture was entitled to an energy grant
[Schedule 3, subparagraph 12A(1)(c)(i)].
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Transitional and consequential provisions
Example 3.6
ABC Pty Ltd is the representative member of a GST group which
includes DEF Pty Ltd and XYZ Pty Ltd.
Prior to 1 July 2006, XYZ Pty Ltd was entitled to receive energy
grants under the Energy Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003.
ABC Pty Ltd and DEF Pty Ltd were not entitled to receive energy
grants.
As one member of the group was entitled to an energy grant,
ABC Pty Ltd may, on behalf of the group, make an election to
receive early payments of fuel tax credits.
Requirement to elect
3.55 Taxpayers that wish to participate in the arrangement must elect
to do so, in a form approved by the Commissioner of Taxation
(Commissioner), before 31 December 2006. [Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(1)(a)]
3.66 An election will allow a taxpayer to make claims for the early
payment of fuel tax credits that are attributable to the tax period in which
the election is made or any period thereafter. However, claims cannot be
made in respect of fuel that is acquired, manufactured or imported after 30
June 2008. [Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(1)(b)]
Example 3.7
Rose makes an election on 1 November 2006. Rose receives
quarterly BASs. Rose's election will enable her to make claims for
early payments of fuel tax credits that are attributable to the
quarterly tax period spanning 1 October 2006 to 31 December 2006
or any period thereafter. However, she may not make a claim in
respect of fuel that she acquired, manufactured or imported after 30
June 2008.
Credits that can be claimed early
3.77 An eligible taxpayer that has elected to receive early payments
may only make a claim for an early payment of a fuel tax credit if:
· they are entitled to the credit;
· the credit, or part of the credit, is attributable to:
- if the credit relates to fuel acquired by a taxpayer that
accounts for GST on a cash basis -- the tax period in
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
which the claim for the early payment is made or a later
tax period [Schedule 3, subparagraph 12A(1)(e)(i)]; or
- in all other cases -- the tax period in which the claim for
the early payment is made [Schedule 3,
subparagraph 12A(1)(e)(ii)];
· the taxpayer has not previously received an early payment of
the credit for the fuel [Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(1)(f)]; and
· the credit relates to fuel that the taxpayer acquired,
manufactured or imported between 1 July 2006 and
30 June 2008 (inclusive) [Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(1)(b)].
3.78 In order to be entitled to a fuel tax credit, a taxpayer must have
acquired, manufactured, or imported taxable fuel. A taxpayer that merely
intends or expects to acquire, manufacture or import fuel at a later date
will not be entitled to a fuel tax credit and thus will not be entitled to an
early payment.
3.79 Taxpayers that account for GST on a cash basis may make a
claim for the early payment of a credit that is attributable to a later tax
period, providing that an entitlement to the credit exists at the time the
claim is made. This ensures that taxpayers that are entitled to a fuel tax
credit for fuel they acquire need not wait until they pay for the fuel before
being able to make a claim for an early payment. [Schedule 3,
subparagraph 12A(1)(e)(i)]
Example 3.8
Phil accounts for GST on a cash basis. He acquires fuel on
15 August 2006 and pays in full on 14 October 2006. Phil is
entitled to a fuel tax credit for the fuel. The credit is attributable
to Phil's quarterly tax period which spans 1 October 2006 to
31 December 2006. Phil has not previously received an early payment
in respect of the particular credit. Prior to 1 July 2006, Phil was
entitled to energy grants. Phil has elected to receive early payments of
fuel tax credits.
Phil may make a claim for an early payment of the credit during his
quarterly tax period ending on September 2006. However, Phil may
not make a claim prior to 15 August 2006 as an entitlement to the
credit would not have existed at the time.
Claims must be made in the approved form
3.80 All claims for the early payment of fuel tax credits must be
in the approved form [Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(1)(g)]. The rules governing
approved forms are contained in Division 388 in Schedule 1 to the
TAA 1953.
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Transitional and consequential provisions
No obligation to make claims
3.81 A taxpayer that has elected to receive early payments is not
obliged to claim all fuel tax credits early. Fuel tax credits that are not
claimed early can simply be claimed on the BAS for the relevant tax
period.
Amount of an early payment
3.82 The amount of an early payment is equivalent to the amount of
the fuel tax credit to which the taxpayer is entitled. [Schedule 3,
paragraph 12A(2)]
3.83 Taxpayers are expressly prevented from receiving more than one
early payment in respect of a particular credit. [Schedule 3,
paragraph 12A(1)(f)]
Offsetting increasing fuel tax adjustment
3.84 A fuel tax credit a taxpayer receives via an early payment will
still form part of the taxpayer's net fuel amount for a tax period or tax
periods. To ensure the early payment is offset against a subsequent claim
or claims in the taxpayer's BAS, an increasing fuel tax adjustment arises.
[Schedule 3, paragraph12A(3)]
3.85 Generally, the amount of that increasing fuel tax adjustment will
be equivalent to the amount of the early payment. The fuel tax adjustment
will be attributable to the earliest tax period to which the fuel tax credit
can be attributed. [Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(3)(b)]
3.86 A special rule applies in instances where fuel is acquired by a
taxpayer that accounts for GST on a cash basis. In these instances, the
credit to which the taxpayer is entitled may be attributable to more than
one tax period. To ensure that each part of the credit is offset, an
increasing fuel tax adjustment will arise in each period in which the
taxpayer pays for the fuel. The amount of the increasing fuel tax
adjustment will be equivalent to the amount of the early payment the
taxpayer receives, but only to the extent that the taxpayer pays for the fuel
in the tax period. Together, the increasing fuel tax adjustments will add
up to the amount of the early payment. [Schedule 3, paragraph 12A(3)(a)]
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Example 3.9
Robyn accounts for GST on a cash basis. In March 2007, she makes a
claim for an early fuel tax credit payment of $1,000. The
Commissioner provides Robyn with this payment. Robyn acquired the
fuel and paid in two equal instalments. She paid one of these
instalments on 31 March 2007 and the other on 30 April 2007.
Robyn reports part of the fuel tax credit ($500) in her BAS for her
quarterly tax period ending 31 March 2007. In this BAS she must also
report an increasing fuel tax adjustment of $500. The two amounts
reported in the BAS effectively cancel one another out.
Robyn reports the other part of her fuel tax credit ($500) in her BAS
for the tax period ending 30 June 2007. She must also report an
increasing fuel tax adjustment of $500 in this BAS.
Together, the two increasing fuel tax adjustments add up to the amount
of the early payment ($1,000).
Review rights
3.87 The Commissioner must not make a payment that is greater than
the amount of the credit to which a taxpayer is entitled. Therefore, if the
Commissioner has reason to believe that a taxpayer has notified an
amount that is greater than the amount to which they are actually entitled,
the Commissioner will only make a payment of the lesser of these two
amounts. No express objections rights exist in relation to this payment.
However a taxpayer may, once the relevant tax period has ended, request
the Commissioner to make an assessment of their net fuel amount for the
tax period. In making this assessment, the Commissioner will have to
take into account the amount of the fuel tax credit to which the early
payment relates. A taxpayer may object to this assessment if they are of
the view that the early payment they received was less than the amount
they were entitled to.
Example 3.10
On 1 August 2006, Andrew notifies the Commissioner that he is
entitled to a payment of $2,000 in respect of taxable fuel he acquired.
The fuel tax credit for the fuel is attributable to Andrew's quarterly tax
period which ends on 30 September 2006. The Commissioner,
however, has reason to believe that the amount of the credit to which
Andrew is entitled is only $1,500. On this basis, the Commissioner
makes a payment of $1,500 to Andrew.
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Transitional and consequential provisions
In his BAS for the period ending 30 September 2006, Andrew claims a
fuel tax credit of $2,000. He also reports an increasing fuel tax
adjustment of $1,500. His BAS therefore indicates that he is entitled
to a $500 refund ($2,000 $1,500).
The Commissioner makes an assessment of Andrew's net fuel amount for
the relevant tax period. The assessment states that Andrew's net fuel
amount for the period is $0, on the basis that the amount of the credit is
$1,500 and the amount of the increasing fuel tax adjustment is also
$1,500. Andrew may object to this assessment.
Application and transitional provisions
3.88 The fuel tax credit system created by the Fuel Tax Bill 2006
takes effect by phased implementation from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2012.
Consequential amendments
Amendments to streamline legislation in the transitional period
3.89 Provisions of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 and the Product Grants
and Benefits Administration Act 2000 are amended by the Fuel Tax
(Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006 to accommodate
the phasing in of the new credit system and phasing out of the current
grants systems during the transitional period of the fuel tax credit reform
until 1 July 2012. Amendments remove references to provisions that no
longer apply as certain phase-in or phase-out timeframes are met.
[Schedule 3, items 17 to 29, notes to subsection 41-5(1), section 41-15 and
subsection 65-10(1), paragraph 43-5(3)(b) and section 110-5 of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006,
and sections 5, 15, 16A and 27A of the Product Grants and Benefits Administration
Act 2000]
Other amendments to the Fuel Tax Bill 2006
3.90 The definition of the term `increasing fuel tax adjustment',
contained in section 110-5 of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006, and the note to
section 65-10 of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 are amended to take into account
increasing fuel tax adjustments that arise to offset early payments between
1 July 2006 and 30 June 2008. [Schedule 3, items 23A and 23B, and sections 65-
10 and 110-5 of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006]
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
3.91 From 1 July 2008, following the end of the transitional
arrangement for early payment of fuel tax credits, the reference to the
offsetting increasing fuel tax adjustment will be removed from both the
definition in section 110-5 of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 and the note to
section 65-10 of that Bill. [Schedule 3, items 34A and 34B and sections 65-10 and
110-5 of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006]
Miscellaneous amendments
3.92 Minor amendments to the Product Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000 correct a technical error in the definition of
`scheme,' so that criteria as to whether a `scheme' exists appear as
alternate conditions. [Schedule 4, item 2, and subsection 34(3) of the
Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000]
3.93 The Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions)
Bill 2006 also repeals provisions of the Product Grants and Benefits
Administration Act 2000 referring to other provisions in that Act that no
longer operate. The amendments are retrospective from the date those
other provisions ceased operating. [Schedule 4, items 3, 5 and 6, and
subsection 53(2) of the Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000]
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Chapter 4
Administration
Outline of chapter
4.1 Schedule 5 to the Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional
Provisions) Bill 2006 includes amendments to various Commonwealth
Acts as a consequence of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006. They primarily amend
the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA 1953) to provide the
administrative arrangements for the Fuel Tax Bill 2006.
4.2 The Fuel Tax Bill 2006 operates under the general compliance
and administrative umbrella of the TAA 1953, generally aligning with the
administrative arrangements for other indirect tax laws (governing goods
and services tax (GST), luxury car tax and wine equalisation tax).
Context of reform
4.3 The introduction of the fuel tax credit system is the first of a
number of fuel tax measures announced in the Government's June 2004
white paper, Securing Australia's Energy Future.
4.4 The introduction of the fuel tax credit system, providing fuel
excise relief for a wide range of businesses and households, was
announced in the Treasurer's Press Release No. 48 of 15 June 2004.
Further details can be found in Chapter 1 of this explanatory
memorandum.
4.5 The fuel tax credit system is a single system to replace all
existing rebates and subsidies. Unlike the various current systems, the
single system will utilise the administrative system applying to other
indirect tax laws.
4.6 As part of the Government's commitment to improving the
quality of the taxation laws and consistent with its aim of establishing an
integrated tax code1, Part VI of the TAA 1953 is rewritten using the
Tax Law Improvement Project drafting style and relocated into the
Schedule to that Act.
1 See Chapter 4 of Tax Reform: not a new tax, a new tax system.
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Summary of new law
4.7 The Fuel Tax Bill 2006 operates under the general compliance
and administrative system contained in the TAA 1953 consistent with
other taxation laws administered by the Commissioner of Taxation
(Commissioner).
4.8 Schedule 5 to the Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional
Provisions) Bill 2006 applies the administrative rules applying to other
indirect tax laws, to the proposed fuel tax credits scheme.
4.9 The amendments to the TAA 1953 incorporate a rewrite of
Part VI (administration of GST, wine equalisation tax and luxury car tax)
in the Tax Law Improvement Project drafting style. The rewritten version
simplifies the expression of the law, making it easier to understand and
comply with.
Detailed explanation of new law
Amendments to the Taxation Administration Act 1953
4.10 The amendments to the TAA 1953, implement the
administrative arrangements for the Fuel Tax Bill 2006. In general, the
administrative rules for the fuel tax law is the general administration rules
that apply to all taxes administered by the Commissioner and the specific
administration rules that apply to other indirect tax laws. This chapter
broadly explains how those provisions apply to this Bill.
4.11 The administration rules for indirect taxes have been rewritten
and relocated into Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953. The rewrite does not
change the existing outcomes for indirect taxes. Therefore, this chapter
does not explain the general operation of the rewritten provisions.
4.12 Some issues have been raised about the operation of the current
indirect tax administration provisions. This Bill does not address those
issues. They are being considered separately.
4.13 It should also be noted that on 16 December 2004 the
Government announced its agreement to Recommendation 7.2 of the
Report on Aspects of Income Tax Self Assessment, resulting in Treasury
undertaking a review into the possible application of the
recommendations, contained in the report, to all federal taxes. When that
review is completed, the Government will consider whether any changes
may be required to the administrative provisions for indirect taxes.
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Administration
General administration
4.14 The Commissioner has the general administration of the
Fuel Tax Bill 2006. The Commissioner therefore has all the rights,
powers, responsibilities and obligations provided to the administrator of
such laws under statute and common law. [Schedule 5, item 49, section 356-5 in
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.15 The Commissioner's annual report must include, a report on the
workings of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006, including any breaches or evasions of
that law. [Schedule 4, item 45, section 352-5 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
Assessments
4.16 Consistent with the administration of other indirect tax laws
under the TAA 1953, a taxpayer's entitlement to refunds or obligation to
make payments under the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 ordinarily arises without any
formal assessment process being undertaken by the Commissioner.
4.17 It may occasionally be necessary for the Commissioner to issue
an assessment of a taxpayer's net fuel amount for a tax period (or fuel tax
return period for a non-business taxpayer). For example, the
Commissioner may make an assessment if:
· a taxpayer fails to lodge a return;
· the Commissioner believes that amounts stated in a return
are incorrect; or
· the taxpayer asks the Commissioner to make an assessment
(eg, because they are unsure of their entitlements or
obligations under the law).
4.18 The Commissioner can also make an assessment of a part of a
net amount. This might be an assessment of the first three months of a
taxpayer's tax period, if that taxpayer had annual tax periods.
Summary of the rules on assessments
4.19 Unlike income tax, the assessment process for indirect taxes is
not necessary to make a liability under an indirect tax law due and
payable. The assessment process for indirect taxes, amongst other things,
establishes a mechanism for resolving disputes between taxpayers and the
Commissioner over the application of the indirect tax law.
4.20 An assessment of a taxpayer's net fuel amount (or a part of that
amount) may be made by the Commissioner with or without a request by
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
the taxpayer. If the Commissioner makes an assessment, the taxpayer
must be notified of that assessment.
4.21 The Commissioner may amend an assessment at any time but
there are time limits on collecting debts and making refunds.
4.22 The procedure for reviewing assessments are the standard
taxation review procedures in Part IVC of the TAA 1953, which allow
taxpayers to seek a review by the Commissioner and appeal to the
Administrative Appeals Tribunal.
Detailed rules on assessments
4.23 The Commissioner can make an assessment at any time of a
taxpayer's net fuel amount, or a part of the taxpayer's net fuel amount.
An assessment covers no more than a single tax period (or fuel tax return
period for non-business taxpayers). [Schedule 5, item 41, section 105-5 in
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.24 A taxpayer can also ask the Commissioner to make an
assessment of their net fuel amount, for a tax period or fuel tax return
period. [Schedule 5, item 41, section 105-10 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.25 Generally, a taxpayer can only ask for an assessment within four
years after their tax period (or fuel tax return period for non-business
taxpayers). Assessments made outside the four years would generally not
have any effect as the Commissioner would be unable to recover
outstanding amounts or pay any refunds otherwise owing. [Schedule 5,
item 41, subsection 105-10(2) in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.26 A taxpayer who is dissatisfied with their assessment may seek a
review by lodging an objection in accordance with the procedures set out
in Part IVC of the TAA 1953.
4.27 A taxpayer's liability to pay, and the Commissioner's obligation
to refund an amount under the fuel tax law arise independently of any
assessment. That is, those liabilities or refunds do not depend on there
being an assessment. [Schedule 5, item 41, section 105-15 in Schedule 1 to the
TAA 1953]
4.28 The Commissioner must provide a notice of any assessment
made to the taxpayer. However, if the Commissioner fails to provide the
notice to the taxpayer, it will not invalidate the assessment. [Schedule 5,
item 41, subsection 105-20(1) in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
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Administration
Amended assessment
4.29 The Commissioner may amend an assessment at any time.
An amended assessment replaces any earlier assessment made. Despite
being able to amend an assessment at any time, the Commissioner
may be time barred from either collecting debts or making refunds
(see paragraphs 4.36 and 4.37). [Schedule 5, item 41, section 105-25 in
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.30 A taxpayer who is dissatisfied with their amended assessment
may seek a review by lodging an objection in accordance with the
procedures set out in Part IVC of the TAA 1953.
Multiple assessments
4.31 If a taxpayer ever receives two or more inconsistent assessments
for the same tax period, the latest assessment overrides all earlier
assessments to the extent of the inconsistency. [Schedule 5, item 41,
section 105-30 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
Electronic transmission
4.32 Where a taxpayer supplies the Commissioner with business
activity statements (BAS) electronically, the Commissioner may provide
any notice of assessment to the taxpayer by electronic transmission.
[Schedule 5, item 41, subsection 105-20(2) in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
Recovery
4.33 The standard collection and recovery rules contained in
Part 4-15 of Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 apply to the Fuel Tax Bill 2006.
These rules apply to all laws administered by the Commissioner.
4.34 The rules about running balance accounts and applications of
payments and credits contained in Part IIB of the TAA 1953 apply to the
Fuel Tax Bill 2006, as they do to all other taxation laws the Commissioner
administers.
4.35 The application of the running balance account system to the
fuel tax law means that amounts that are owed to a taxpayer at the end of
each tax period (or fuel tax return period for non-business taxpayers) can
be applied by the Commissioner to reduce a taxpayer's other tax
liabilities. This means that refunds will generally only be made where the
taxpayer has no debts owing to the Commissioner.
4.36 The general time limits applying to the recovery of unpaid
amounts for indirect taxes apply to the fuel tax law. Taxpayers will
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
generally not be required to pay any amount owing under the fuel tax law
if the amount remains unpaid four years after it first become payable.
Similarly, taxpayers will lose their entitlement to fuel tax credits if they
have not received a refund within four years after the end of their tax
period. [Schedule 5, item 41, sections 105-50 and 105-55 in Schedule 1 to the
TAA 1953]
4.37 Those time limits do not apply in the case of fraud or evasion.
They also cease to apply where either the Commissioner or the taxpayer
has notified the other of an amount owing or an entitlement to a refund or
credit within the time limit. [Schedule 5, item 41, sections 105-50 and 105-55 in
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
Penalties
4.38 The standard penalty rules applying to taxation laws also apply
to the fuel tax law. These penalties include the charges and administrative
penalties contained in Part 4-25 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953.
General interest charge
4.39 Taxpayers who fail to pay a debt owing under the fuel tax law
are subject to the general interest charge. [Schedule 5, item 41, section 105-80
in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.40 The general interest charge also applies to overpayments of fuel
tax credits by the Commissioner. The general interest charge would
generally apply from the date of the overpayment. This is the current
treatment for overpayments of input tax credits under the GST law.
Penalties may also apply to some of these overpayments.
Credit interest
4.41 Generally, if the Commissioner takes longer than 14 days to
refund an amount owing under the fuel tax law, the Commissioner will be
required to pay the taxpayer interest. The taxpayer will not be entitled to
interest if the Commissioner has allocated the refund to pay other
outstanding tax debts of the taxpayer. The provisions governing the
payment of interest are contained in the Taxation (Interest on
Overpayments and Early Payments) Act 1983.
Special rules for certain entities
4.42 The special rules about entities that are not individuals that
apply to other indirect tax laws also apply to the fuel tax law. The rules
accommodate entities such as corporations, partnerships and trusts
(common entities) as well as arrangements that are particular to indirect
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Administration
taxes (eg, GST groups and GST joint ventures). [Schedule 5, item 52,
Division 444 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.43 The rules include creating joint and several liability for partners
in a partnership, members of a GST group or participants in a GST joint
venture and making directors responsible for certain obligations of a
corporation.
Evidence
4.44 The rules about evidence that apply to other indirect tax laws
also apply to the fuel tax law. Those rules specify the evidentiary effect
of certain documents. They ensure that the primary avenue for a
dissatisfied taxpayer to appeal a decision of the Commissioner is to
dispute the amount of the liability (under Part IVC of the TAA 1953)
rather than disputing the procedures followed in creating relevant
documents. [Schedule 5, item 41, Subdivision 105-E in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
Reviewable decisions
4.45 A taxpayer who is dissatisfied with an assessment or an
amended assessment of their net fuel amount (or a component of their net
fuel amount) can object against that assessment (or amended assessment)
following the procedures set out in Part IVC of the TAA 1953 [Schedule 5,
item 41, section 105-40 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]. In accordance with
section 14ZW of the TAA 1953, objections against these assessments
must be lodged within four years after the end of the relevant tax period or
within 60 days of the relevant assessment, whichever is the later.
4.46 The mechanisms for objecting against a taxation decision and,
ultimately, appealing against it, are set out in Part IVC of the TAA 1953.
4.47 A taxpayer can also object against decisions made by the
Commissioner under the general anti-avoidance rules contained in
Division 75 of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006. [Schedule 5, item 41, section 112-50 in
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
Other
4.48 The same rules that protect the confidentiality of taxpayers'
information and allow the Commissioner to access premises and gather
information for other indirect tax laws also apply to the fuel tax law.
[Schedule 5, items 46 to 49, sections 353-10 and 353-15 and Subdivision 355-5 in
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.49 Taxpayers must keep records substantiating their claims for fuel
tax credits. The evidence needed to substantiate a claim for an input tax
credit under the GST law (eg, a tax invoice) is generally sufficient to
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
substantiate a claim for a fuel tax credit on the same transaction.
[Schedule 5, item 51, section 382-5 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
Rulings
4.50 The generic expanded rulings system contained in Divisions 357
to 361 of Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 applies to the Fuel Tax Bill 2006.
This new system commenced on 1 January 2006. A further review is
under way to determine whether it should be extended to cover all other
indirect taxes (see paragraph 4.13). [Schedule 5, item 50, section 357-55 of
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953]
4.51 Public or private rulings issued by the Commissioner relating to
the fuel tax law will generally be binding on the Commissioner. Other
types of advice, as well as the Commissioner's general administrative
practice, may also prevent the Commissioner from applying penalties and
interest where taxpayers have relied on that information. Further
information on the proposed rulings system can be found in the
explanatory memorandum to the Tax Laws Amendment (Improvements to
Self Assessment) Bill (No. 2) 2005.
Effect of the administrative provisions on the Crown
4.52 The fuel tax law is intended to bind the Crown (in each of its
capacities). That is, the Crown is entitled to fuel tax credits and must
comply with the obligations imposed under that law.
4.53 The Crown (in each of its capacities) is also generally bound by
the provisions in the TAA 1953 (especially, Schedule 1 to that Act).
Therefore, the Crown is required to comply with obligations under the
general administrative rules in the TAA 1953 (such as record keeping
rules, the Commissioner's access and information gathering powers and
the collection and recovery rules).
4.54 There are special rules in the fuel tax law that apply to the
Commonwealth. Because the Commonwealth cannot tax itself, those
rules allow the Minister for Finance and Administration to put in place
directions about, amongst other things, the transfer of monies between
accounts to give effect to Parliament's intention that the effect of the fuel
tax law be applied to the Commonwealth and its untaxable entities.
Despite those rules, the other obligations in the fuel tax law do apply to
the Commonwealth.
Minor consequential amendments
4.55 A number of corrections to cross-references have been made to
these Commonwealth Acts:
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Administration
· Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1997;
· A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999;
· A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax Transition)
Act 1999;
· A New Tax System (Wine Equalisation Tax) Act 1999;
· A New Tax System (Luxury Car Tax) Act 1999;
· Crimes (Taxation Offences) Act 1980;
· Freedom of Information Act 1982;
· Income Tax Assessment Act 1936;
· Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;
· TAA 1953; and
· Taxation (Interest on Overpayments and Early Payments)
Act 1983.
[Schedule 5, items 59 to 174]
4.56 Some of the above Acts have also been amended to include
appropriate references to the Fuel Tax Bill 2006.
4.57 Terms used in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 are defined in the
Dictionary to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Definitions of new
defined terms created for the rewrite of the indirect administration
provisions have been added to that Dictionary. [Schedule 5, items 5 to 38]
4.58 As part of the rewrite of the TAA 1953 some of the offences
have been rewritten as strict liability offences or contain elements of strict
liability. These offences include:
· recording or disclosing indirect tax information obtained as
an employee of the Commonwealth, a delegate of the
Commissioner, or while performing services for the
Commonwealth, and obtained under an indirect tax law;
· an entity that is required to keep or retain records pertaining
to indirect taxing or crediting (such as transactions or
calculations) but does not; and
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
· an occupier of land or premises that is accessed by the
Commissioner (for the purpose of the indirect tax laws) and
the occupier does not provide reasonable facilities or
assistance to the Commissioner.
4.59 These provisions, which relate to access, confidentiality and the
keeping of records, require the application of a standard of strict liability.
The provisions are consistent with the current Commonwealth practice of
establishing liability regardless of the element of fault as they relate to
matters that are purely a question of fact or purely a question of law,
where intention is not relevant. [Schedule 5, items 46 to 51]
4.60 Additionally, as part of the rewrite, the provisions
have been redrafted to take account of the introduction of the
Legislative Instruments Act 2003. Where decisions of the Commissioner
are of an administrative nature, the provisions expressly provide that the
decision is not a legislative instrument. Other provisions have also been
rewritten as a result of necessary language changes resulting from the
transition to the new regime.
Conversion table of new law/old law provisions
4.61 Conversion Tables 4.1 and 4.2 cross-reference the sections in the
new law with the corresponding sections in the previous law.
Table 4.1: Conversion table: old law to new law
Old law New law
Part VI of the TAA 1953
Division 1
19 105-1 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953
20 995-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment
Act 1997
Division 2
22 105-5 in Schedule 1
23 105-10 in Schedule 1
24 105-15 in Schedule 1
25 105-20 in Schedule 1
26 105-25 in Schedule 1
27 105-30 in Schedule 1
Division 3
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Administration
Old law New law
35 105-50 in Schedule 1
36 105-55 in Schedule 1
37 105-60 in Schedule 1
39 105-65 in Schedule 1
Division 4
40 105-80 in Schedule 1
46A 105-85 in Schedule 1
Division 5
50 444-30 in Schedule 1
51 444-80 in Schedule 1
52 444-5 in Schedule 1
52A 444-85 in Schedule 1
53 444-90 in Schedule 1
54 444-70 in Schedule 1
56 444-10 in Schedule 1
57 444-15 in Schedule 1
Division 6
59 105-100 in Schedule 1
60 105-105 in Schedule 1
61 105-110 in Schedule 1
Division 7
62 105-40, 110-50 and 111-50 in
Schedule 1
Division 7A
62A 111-60 in Schedule 1
Division 7B
62B 105-120 in Schedule 1
62C 105-125 in Schedule 1
Division 8
63 356-5 in Schedule 1
64 352-5 in Schedule 1
65 353-10 in Schedule 1
66 353-15 in Schedule 1
67 105-140 in Schedule 1
68 355-5 in Schedule 1
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Old law New law
69 105-145 in Schedule 1
70 382-5 in Schedule 1
Table 4.2: Conversion table: new law to old law
New law Old law
105-1 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 19 of the TAA 1953
105-5 in Schedule 1 22
105-10 in Schedule 1 23
105-15 in Schedule 1 24
105-20 in Schedule 1 25
105-25 in Schedule 1 26
105-30 in Schedule 1 27
105-40 in Schedule 1 62
105-50 in Schedule 1 35
105-55 in Schedule 1 36
105-60 in Schedule 1 37
105-65 in Schedule 1 39
105-80 in Schedule 1 40
105-85 in Schedule 1 46A
105-100 in Schedule 1 59
105-105 in Schedule 1 60
105-110 in Schedule 1 61
105-120 in Schedule 1 62B
105-125 in Schedule 1 62C
105-140 in Schedule 1 67
105-145 in Schedule 1 69
110-50 in Schedule 1 62
111-50 in Schedule 1 62
111-60 in Schedule 1 62A
352-5 in Schedule 1 64
353-10 in Schedule 1 65
353-15 in Schedule 1 66
355-5 in Schedule 1 68
356-5 in Schedule 1 63
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Administration
New law Old law
382-5 in Schedule 1 70
444-5 in Schedule 1 52
444-10 in Schedule 1 56
444-15 in Schedule 1 57
444-30 in Schedule 1 50
444-70 in Schedule 1 54
444-85 in Schedule 1 52A
444-80 in Schedule 1 51
444-90 in Schedule 1 53
995-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment 20
Act 1997
Application and transitional provisions
Commencement
4.62 The amendments commence at the same time as the
commencement of the Fuel Tax Bill 2006 (1 July 2006).
[Clause 2, items 18 and 21]
4.63 Some amendments are contingent upon the commencement of
Schedule 4 to the Tax Laws Amendment (2005 Measures No. 4) Act 2005
(about the scheme to extend the wine equalisation tax rebate to
New Zealand wine producers). Once that scheme commences some
additional minor amendments to the TAA 1953 will occur. [Schedule 5,
Parts 2 and 3]
Transitional rules
4.64 There are a number of transitional rules to ensure the smooth
transition from Part VI of TAA 1953 (old law) to the rewritten version in
Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 (new law).
4.65 Despite the repeal of the old law imposing the general interest
charge on amounts owed to the Commonwealth, the general interest
charge will continue to accrue on any unpaid amounts. [Schedule 5, item 54]
4.66 Records kept under obligations imposed by the old law will need
to be kept in accordance with those obligations despite the repeal of the
old law. [Schedule 5, item 56]
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
4.67 The provisions in the new law providing taxpayers with a right
of review apply to decisions made under the old law and the new law.
[Schedule 5, items 55 and 57]
4.68 Instruments (such as regulations, approved forms,
determinations, authorisations and notices) made under the old law are
taken to have been remade under the corresponding provisions of the new
law. [Schedule 5, subitem 58(1)]
4.69 Assessments made under the old law, and requests made under
the old law for assessments to be made, are taken to been made under the
new law. [Schedule 5, subitem 58(2)]
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Index
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Chapter 2: Fuel tax credits for businesses and households
Bill reference Paragraph number
Section 40-5 2.10
Section 41-5 2.11
Subsection 41-5(2) 2.28
Subsection 41-5(3) 2.30
Subsection 41-10(1) 2.38
Subsection 41-10(2) 2.38
Subsection 41-15(1) 2.42
Subsection 41-15(2) 2.44
Section 41-20 2.47
Subsection 41-25(1) 2.56
Paragraph 41-25(1)(d) 2.57
Subsection 41-25(2) 2.59
Section 41-30 2.60
Section 42-5 2.62
Subsection 43-5(1) 2.66
Subsection 43-5(2) 2.69, 2.70, 2.71
Subsection 43-5(3) 2.73
Section 43-10 2.76
Subsection 43-10(3) 2.79
Subsection 43-10(4) 2.80
Subsection 43-10(5) 2.84
Paragraph 43-10(6)(a) 2.77
Paragraph 43-10(6)(b) 2.78, 2.83
Subsection 44-5(1) 2.90
Subsection 44-5(2) 2.91
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Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Bill reference Paragraph number
Subsection 44-5(3) 2.93
Subsection 44-5(4) 2.93
Section 44-10 2.95
Subsection 45-5(1) 2.99
Subsection 45-5(2) 2.100
Subsection 46-5(1) 2.108
Subsection 46-5(2) 2.108
Subsection 46-5(3) 2.109
Subsection 46-5(4) 2.111
Subsection 46-5(5) 2.110
Subsection 60-5(1) 2.112
Subsection 61-5(2) 2.118
Section 61-10 2.121
Subsection 61-15(1) 2.123
Subsections 61-15(2) and 61-20(1) 2.124
Subsection 61-20(2) 2.125
Paragraph 65-5(1)(a) 2.130
Paragraph 65-5(1)(b) 2.134
Subsection 65-5(3) 2.136
Subsection 65-5(4) 2.137
Subsection 65-5(5) 2.138
Subsection 65-10(1) 2.96, 2.139
Subsection 65-10(2) 2.101, 2.140
Section 70-5 2.142, 2.143
Subsection 70-10(1) 2.144
Subsection 70-10(2) 2.145
Section 70-20 2.146
Section 70-25 2.152
Section 70-30 2.26, 2.147, 2.148,
2.150
Subdivision 75-A 2.155
Subdivision 75-B 2.155, 2.158
Subsection 75-5(1) 2.156, 2.165
Paragraph 75-5(1)(c) 2.173
Subparagraph 75-5(1)(c)(i) 2.175
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Index
Bill reference Paragraph number
Subparagraph 75-5(1)(c)(ii) 2.178
Subsection 75-5(2) 2.184
Subsection 75-10(1) 2.168, 2.171
Subsection 75-10(1)(a) 2.166
Subsection 75-10(1)(b) 2.166
Subsection 75-10(2) 2.170
Subsection 75-15(1) 2.181
Subsection 75-15(2) 2.182
Paragraph 75-15(1)(a) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(b) 2.183
Subparagraph 75-15(1)(b)(i) 2.183
Subparagraph 75-15(1)(b)(ii) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(c) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(d) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(e) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(f) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(g) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(h) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(i) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(j) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(k) 2.183
Paragraph 75-15(1)(l) 2.183
Section 75-40 2.186
Section 75-45 2.188
Paragraph 75-45(1)(a) 2.189
Paragraph 75-45(1)(c) 2.189
Subsection 75-45(3) 2.190
Subsection 75-45(4) 2.191
Paragraph 75-45(5) 2.192
Section 75-50 2.197
Section 75-55 2.194
Paragraph 75-55(a) 2.195
Paragraph 75-55(b) 2.195
Paragraph 75-55(c) 2.195
Section 75-60 2.200
99
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Bill reference Paragraph number
Subsection 75-65(1) 2.201
Subsection 75-65(2) 2.202
Section 95-5 2.36
Subsection 95-5(1) 2.204
Paragraph 95-5(3)(d) 2.205
Section 95-10 2.208
Section 95-100 2.209
Section 110-5 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.18,
2.41
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Clause 2
Bill reference Paragraph number
Items 18 and 21 4.62
Schedule 1: Amendments relating to the repeal of the
Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000
Bill reference Paragraph number
Item 1, paragraph 7(c) of the Fuel Sales Grants Act 2000 3.27
Items 2 and 3, and paragraph 15(2)(da) of the Product Grants and 3.28
Benefits Administration Act 2000
Items 4 to 8, section 8 (item 1 in the table), subsection 9(3), 3.29
paragraph 15(2)(da) and subparagraphs 47(3)(c)(ia) and (d)(ia) of
the Product Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000
Schedule 2: Amendments relating to the repeal of the States
Grants (Petroleum Products) Act 1965
Bill reference Paragraph number
Items 1 to 5 3.31
100
Index
Schedule 3: Fuel credits arising from before 1 July 2006 and
until 1 July 2012
Bill reference Paragraph number
Items 2 to 5, and sections 40 and 51 of the Energy Grants (Credits) 3.32
Scheme Act 2003
Items 3, 5 and 6, notes to sections 40 and 51 of the Energy Grants 3.33
(Credits) Scheme Act 2003 and paragraphs 15(2)(db) and 15(2)(e)
of the Products Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000
Items 3, 5 and 9, and notes to sections 40 and 51 of the Energy 3.31
Grants (Credits) Scheme Act 2003
Items 7 and 9, and subsection 15(2) of the Product Grants and 3.33
Benefits Administration Act 2000
Item 9 3.35
Items 10 and 11 3.41, 3.42, 3.43, 3.45
Item 11 3.46, 3.47
Item 12 3.49
Items 12A, 23A, 23B, 34A and 34B 3.51
Paragraph 12A(1)(c) 3.52
Paragraph 12A(1)(a) 3.55
Paragraph 12A(1)(b) 3.66, 3.77
Subparagraph 12A(1)(c)(i) 3.54
Subparagraph 12A(1)(e)(i) 3.77
Subparagraph 12A(1)(e)(ii) 3.77
Paragraph 12A(1)(f) 3.77
Subparagraph 12A(1)(e)(i) 3.79
Paragraph 12A(1)(g) 3.80
Subitem 12A(2) 3.82
Paragraph 12A(1)(f) 3.83
Subitem 12A(3) 3.84
Paragraph 12A(3)(b) 3.85
Paragraph 12A(3)(a) 3.86
Items 13 to 17, and section 15 of the Product Grants and Benefits 3.37
Administration Act 2000
Item 13, and paragraph 15(2)(da) of the Products Grants and 3.38
Benefits Administration Act 2000
101
Fuel Tax Bill 2006
Fuel Tax (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2006
Items 15 to 17, and subsection 15(2A) of the Product Grants and 3.37
Benefits Administration Act 2000
Item 17 3.39
Items 17 to 29, notes to subsection 41-5(1), section 41-15 and 3.89
subsection 65-10(1), paragraph 43-5(3)(b) and section 110-5 of the
Fuel Tax Bill 2006, and sections 5, 15, 16A and 27A of the Product
Grants and Benefits Administration Act 2000
Items 23A and 23B, and sections 65-10 and 110-5 of the Fuel Tax 3.90
Bill 2006
Items 34A and 34B and sections 65-10 and 110-5 of the Fuel Tax 3.91
Bill 2006
Schedule 4: Other amendments
Bill reference Paragraph number
Item 2, and subsection 34(3) of the Product Grants and Benefits 3.92
Administration Act 2000
Items 3, 5 and 6, and subsection 53(2) of the Product Grants and 3.93
Benefits Administration Act 2000
Item 45, section 352-5 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.15
Schedule 5: Administrative provisions
Bill reference Paragraph number
Items 5 to 38 4.57
Item 41, section 105-5 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.23
Item 41, section 105-10 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.24
Item 41, subsection 105-10(2) in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.25
Item 41, section 105-15 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.27
Item 41, subsection 105-20(1) in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.28
Item 41, subsection 105-20(2) in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.32
Item 41, section 105-25 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.29
Item 41, section 105-30 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.31
Item 41, sections 105-50 and 105-55 in Schedule 1 to the 4.36
TAA 1953
Item 41, sections 105-50 and 105-55 in Schedule 1 to the 4.37
TAA 1953
102
Index
Bill reference Paragraph number
Item 41, section 105-80 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.39
Item 41, Subdivision 105-E in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.44
Item 41, section 105-40 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.45
Item 41, section 112-50 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.47
Item 45, section 352-5 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.15
Item 49, section 356-5 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.14
Items 46 to 49, sections 353-10 and 353-15 and Subdivision 355-5 4.48
in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953
Items 46 to 51 4.59
Item 50, section 357-55 of Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.50
Item 51, section 382-5 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.49
Item 52, Division 444 in Schedule 1 to the TAA 1953 4.42
Item 54 4.65
Items 55 and 57 4.67
Item 56 4.66
Items 59 to 174 4.55
Parts 2 and 3 4.63
Subitem 58(1) 4.68
Subitem 58(2) 4.69
103
Index]
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