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2004-2005
THE PARLIAMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (Climate Change Trigger) Bill 2005
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
(Circulated by authority of
Mr Anthony Albanese MP)
Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (Climate Change Trigger) Bill 2005
OUTLINE
1.Increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
have significantly contributed to a rise in global average temperatures of 0.6
degrees over the past century. The international consensus is that this trend will
lead to a rise of global temperature of between 2 and 6 degrees over the next
century. This would be devastating for much of the world.
2.Climate change is the most significant environmental challenge facing the global
community and threatens Australia's way of life.
3.A report prepared for the Australian Government in March 2005 by the Allen
Consulting Group, Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability, suggests Australia faces
the following risks from climate change:
An increase in annual national average temperatures of between 0.4 and 2 degrees
by 2030 and of between 1 and 6 degrees by 2070 with significantly larger
changes in some regions by each date;
More heatwaves and fewer frosts;
More frequent El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events resulting in a more
pronounced cycle of prolonged drought and heavy rains;
Reductions in average rainfall and run-off in Southern and much of Eastern Australia
with rainfall increases across much of the Tropical North as much as a further 20
per cent reduction in rainfall in Southwest Australia, and up to a 20 per cent
reduction in run-off in the Murray Darling Basin by 2030;
More severe wind speeds in cyclones, associated with storm surges being
progressively amplified by rising sea levels;
An increase in severe weather events, such as storms and bushfires; and
A change in ocean currents, affecting our coastal waters, towards 2070.
4.To address climate change, the Australian Government should ratify the Kyoto
Protocol, take a lead role in negotiations beyond the Kyoto period of 2012, and act
domestically to cut its own greenhouse pollution. According to the Australian
Greenhouse Office, Australia is on track to increase its greenhouse emissions by
23% by 2020.
5.The establishment of a climate change trigger in the Environment Protection and
Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 is an important mechanism for cutting
Australia's greenhouse pollution.
6.The Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (Climate Change Trigger) Bill 2005 (the
Bill) seeks to amend the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation
(EPBC) Act 1999 to create a new matter of national environmental significance
under the Act--a climate change trigger. This will enable major new projects to be
assessed for their climate change impact as part of any environmental assessment
process, and will ensure that new developments represent best practice.
7.The matter of national environmental significance will apply to the establishment of
any industrial plant or other facility which emits, or is likely to emit, more than
500,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent per year; or any
other action, series of actions, or policies which will lead, or are likely to lead,
directly or indirectly to the emission of more than 500,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide
or carbon dioxide equivalent per year.
8.The Bill also provides for civil penalties for any climate change action that knowingly,
intentionally or recklessly causes a significant impact on the environment.
9.The EPBC Act provides a framework for environment protection for any actions that
are likely to have an impact on matters of national environmental significance.
Seven matters of national environmental significance--World Heritage properties,
National Heritage places, Ramsar wetlands of international importance, nationally
threatened species and ecological communities, migratory species, nuclear actions
(including uranium mining) and the Commonwealth marine environment--are
currently provided protection under the EPBC Act.
10. The Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (Climate Change Trigger) Bill 2005 will
amend the EPBC Act to provide that:
11. The taking of a climate change action--that is, the establishment of an industrial
plant or other facility that emits, or is likely to emit, more than 500,000 tonnes of
carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent per year; or any other action, or
program of actions that lead, or are likely to lead to the emission of more than
500,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent per year--will
require approval, unless the Minister decides that the action is not controlled under
the Act.
12.The requirement for the Minister to consider whether the direct or indirect
emissions of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent that are likely to
result from the action will be minimised by the use of best practice
environmental management and low emissions technology will further ensure
the implementation of best practice measures in new developments.