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ADOPTION ACT 1993 - NOTES

ADOPTION ACT 1993 - NOTES

Dictionary

(see s 2)

Note 1     The Legislation Act

contains definitions and other provisions relevant to this Act.

Note 2     For example, the Legislation Act

, dict, pt 1, defines the following terms:

              •     ACAT

              •     administrative unit

              •     civil union

              •     contravene

              •     director-general (see s 163)

              •     document

              •     domestic partner (see s 169 (1))

              •     Executive

              •     file

              •     function

              •     instrument (see s 14)

              •     parent

              •     proceeding

              •     public trustee and guardian

              •     reviewable decision notice

              •     Supreme Court.

"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander child or young person" means a child or young person at least 1 of whose parents is a person who—

        (a)     is a descendant of an Aboriginal person or a Torres Strait Islander person; and

        (b)     identifies as an Aboriginal person or a Torres Strait Islander person; and

        (c)     is accepted as an Aboriginal person or a Torres Strait Islander person by an Aboriginal community or Torres Strait Islander community.

"adoption compliance certificate "means—

        (a)     in division 4A.2—a certification (however described) issued in accordance with the Convention, article 23; or

        (b)     in division 4A.3—a document issued in accordance with the Commonwealth Bilateral Arrangements Regulations.

adoption order means an order for the adoption of a person made under this Act.

"adoptive relative", for part 5 (Access to information)—see section 58.

"associated person", for part 5 (Access to information)—see section 58.

"Australia" includes an external Territory.

"birth parent", for part 5 (Access to information)—see section 58.

"birth relative", for part 5 (Access to information)—see section 58.

"central authority, "for a Convention country, means an entity designated for the Convention country under the Convention, article 6.

"charitable organisation" means a body carried on for a charitable, benevolent, philanthropic or religious purpose, other than a body carried on for the financial benefit of its members.

"child", if age rather than descendancy is relevant, means a person who is under 12 years old.

"Commonwealth Bilateral Arrangements Regulation" means the Family Law (Bilateral Arrangements—Intercountry Adoption) Regulations 1998

(Cwlth).

"Commonwealth central authority "has the same meaning as in the Family Law (Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption) Regulations 1998

(Cwlth).

"competent authority" means—

        (a)     for a prescribed overseas jurisdiction—an entity in that country responsible for approving the adoption of children or young people; and

        (b)     for the ACT—the director-general.

"contact veto register" means the register established under section 79.

"Convention" means the Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption signed at the Hague on 29 May 1993, a copy of the English text of which is set out in schedule 1.

"Convention country"—see the Family Law (Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption) Regulations 1998

(Cwlth), regulation 4.

Note     For the purposes of reg 4 Australia is not a Convention country.

"country" includes part of a country.

"court" means the Supreme Court.

"disposition of property" includes the grant or exercise of a power of appointment in respect of property.

"general consent "means a general consent under section 29 (2).

"guardian", in relation to a child or young person, includes—

        (a)     a person having the custody of the child or young person under an order of a court; and

        (b)     a person who is the guardian of the child or young person (whether to the exclusion of, or in addition to, a parent or other guardian) under a law of the Territory, the Commonwealth, a State or another Territory; and

        (c)     someone with parental responsibility for the long-term care, wellbeing and development of the child or young person, whether by order of a court or otherwise.

"identifying information", for part 5 (Access to information)—see section 58.

"information", for part 5 (Access to information)—see section 58.

"instrument of consent" means an instrument of consent to an adoption under section 30.

"intercountry adoption" means the adoption—

        (a)     by a person habitually resident in the ACT of a non-citizen child or young person from a country outside Australia; or

        (b)     by a person habitually resident in a country outside Australia of a child or young person habitually resident in the ACT.

"interim order" means an order under section 50.

"limited consent "means a limited consent under section 29 (3).

"non-citizen child or young person "has the same meaning as non-citizen child in the Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Act 1946

(Cwlth).

"prescribed overseas jurisdiction "means a jurisdiction mentioned in the Commonwealth Bilateral Arrangements Regulation, schedule 1.

"principal officer", for a private adoption agency, means the person stated as its principal officer in—

        (a)     its application for approval under section 81; or

        (b)     its latest notification to the director-general under section 83.

"private adoption agency" means a charitable organisation approved as a private adoption agency under section 82.

"register of births" means the register under the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1997

.

"register of suitable people" means the register kept under section 19.

"relative", of a child or young person, means a grandparent, brother, sister, uncle or aunt of the child or young person, whether or not the relationship is—

        (a)     traced through birth or depends on adoption; or

        (b)     for a brother or sister—of the whole blood or half-blood.

"relevant administrative unit" means the administrative unit that is the responsibility of the Minister for the time being administering this Act.

"relevant authority", for part 5 (Access to information)—see section 58.

"responsible person", in relation to an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander child or young person, means—

        (a)     a person who, in accordance with the traditions and customs of the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander community of which the child or young person is a member, has responsibility for, or an interest in, the wellbeing of the child or young person; or

        (b)     if the child or young person is not in the custody of any person or is in the custody of a person who is not either a parent of the child or young person or a member of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander community—a person who, in accordance with the traditions and customs of the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander community of which a parent of the child or young person is or was a member, has responsibility for, or an interest in, the wellbeing of the child or young person.

"reunion information register" means the register established under section 80.

"reviewable decision", for part 7A (Notification and review of decisions)—see section 102.

"service" means the adoption information service maintained under section 77.

State central authority, for the ACT, means the authority mentioned in section 55.

"step-parent, "of a child or young person, means a person who—

        (a)     is not a parent of the child or young person; and

        (b)     whether married or not, has lived in a domestic partnership for not less than 3 years with a parent of the child or young person.

"young person" means—

        (a)     a person who is 12 years old or older, but not yet an adult; and

        (b)     in relation to an application for an adoption order—a person who is an adult but for whom the application for an adoption order was filed in the court before the person became an adult.

Note     Adult is defined in the Legislation Act

, dict, pt 1.

Endnotes

1     About the endnotes

Amending and modifying laws are annotated in the legislation history and the amendment history. Current modifications are not included in the republished law but are set out in the endnotes.

Not all editorial amendments made under the Legislation Act 2001

, part 11.3 are annotated in the amendment history. Full details of any amendments can be obtained from the Parliamentary Counsel's Office.

Uncommenced amending laws are not included in the republished law. The details of these laws are underlined in the legislation history. Uncommenced expiries are underlined in the legislation history and amendment history.

If all the provisions of the law have been renumbered, a table of renumbered provisions gives details of previous and current numbering.

The endnotes also include a table of earlier republications.

2     Abbreviation key

A = Act

NI = Notifiable instrument

AF = Approved form

o = order

am = amended

om = omitted/repealed

amdt = amendment

ord = ordinance

AR = Assembly resolution

orig = original

ch = chapter

par = paragraph/subparagraph

CN = Commencement notice

pres = present

def = definition

prev = previous

DI = Disallowable instrument

(prev...) = previously

dict = dictionary

pt = part

disallowed = disallowed by the Legislative

r = rule/subrule

Assembly

reloc = relocated

div = division

renum = renumbered

exp = expires/expired

R[X] = Republication No

Gaz = gazette

RI = reissue

hdg = heading

s = section/subsection

IA = Interpretation Act 1967

sch = schedule

ins = inserted/added

sdiv = subdivision

LA = Legislation Act 2001

SL = Subordinate law

LR = legislation register

sub = substituted

LRA = Legislation (Republication) Act 1996

underlining = whole or part not commenced

mod = modified/modification

or to be expired



3     Legislation history

Adoption Act 1993 A1993-20

notified 2 April 1993 (Gaz 1993 No S46)

s 1, s 2 commenced 2 April 1993 (s 2 (1))

remainder (ss 3-121) commenced 31 July 1993 (s 2 (2) and Gaz 1993 No 28)

as amended by

Acts Revision (Position of Crown) Act 1993

A1993-44 sch 2

notified 27 August 1993 (Gaz 1993 No S165)

sch 2 commenced 27 August 1993 (s 2)

Registrar-General (Consequential Provisions) Act 1993

A1993-64 sch 1

notified 6 September 1993 (Gaz 1993 No S172)

s 1, s 2 commenced 6 September 1993 (s 2 (1))

sch 1 commenced 1 October 1993 (s 2 (2) and see Gaz 1993 No S207)

Public Sector Management (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Act 1994

A1994-38 sch 1 pt 4

notified 30 June 1994 (Gaz 1994 No S121)

s 1, s 2 commenced 30 June 1994 (s 2 (1))

sch 1 pt 4 commenced 1 July 1994 (s 2 (2) and see Gaz 1994 No S142)

Administrative Appeals (Consequential Amendments) Act 1994

A1994-60 sch 1

notified 11 October 1994 (Gaz 1994 No S197)

s 1, s 2 commenced 11 October 1994 (s 2 (1))

sch 1 commenced 14 November 1994 (s 2 (2) and see Gaz 1994 No S250)

Statute Law Revision (Penalties) Act 1994

A1994-81 sch

notified 29 November 1994 (Gaz 1994 No S253)

s 1, s 2 commenced 29 November 1994 (s 2 (1))

sch commenced 29 November 1994 (s 2 (2) and Gaz 1994 No S269)

Statutory Offices (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1994

A1994-97 sch pt 1

notified 15 December 1994 (Gaz 1994 No S280)

s 1, s 2 commenced 15 December 1994 (s 2 (1))

sch pt 1 commenced 15 December 1994 (s 2 (2) and Gaz 1994 No S293)

Legal Practitioners (Consequential Amendments) Act 1997

A1997-96 sch 1

notified 1 December 1997 (Gaz 1997 No S380)

s 1, s 2 commenced 1 December 1997 (s 2 (1))

sch 1 commenced 1 June 1998 (s 2 (2))

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration (Consequential Provisions) Act 1997

A1997-113 sch

notified 24 December 1997 (Gaz 1997 No S420)

s 1, s 2 commenced 24 December 1997 (s 2 (1))

sch commenced 24 June 1998 (s 2 (2))

Statute Law Revision (Penalties) Act 1998

A1998-54 sch

notified 27 November 1998 (Gaz 1998 No S207)

s 1, s 2 commenced 27 November 1998 (s 2 (1))

sch commenced 9 December 1998 (s 2 (2) and Gaz 1998 No 49)

Children and Young People (Consequential Amendments) Act 1999

A1999-64 sch 2

notified 10 November 1999 (Gaz 1999 No 45)

s 1, s 2 commenced 10 November 1999 (s 2 (1))

sch 2 commenced 10 May 2000 (s 2 (2))

Legislation (Consequential Amendments) Act 2001

A2001-44 pt 7

notified 26 July 2001 (Gaz 2001 No 30)

s 1, s 2 commenced 26 July 2001 (IA s 10B)

pt 7 commenced 12 September 2001 (s 2 and see Gaz 2001 No S65)

Parentage Act 2004

A2004-1 sch 1 pt 1.2

notified LR 18 February 2004

s 1, s 2 commenced 18 February 2004 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 pt 1.2 commenced 22 March 2004 (s 2 and CN2004-3

)

Criminal Code (Theft, Fraud, Bribery and Related Offences) Amendment Act 2004

A2004-15 sch 2 pt 2.2

notified LR 26 March 2004

s 1, s 2 commenced 26 March 2004 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 2 pt 2.2 commenced 9 April 2004 (s 2 (1))

Public Advocate Act 2005

A2005-47 sch 1 pt 1.1 (as am by A2006-3

amdt 1.8)

notified LR 2 September 2005

s 1, s 2 commenced 2 September 2005 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 pt 1.1 commenced 1 March 2006 (s 2 (1) as am by A2006-3

amdt 1.8)

Human Rights Commission Legislation Amendment Act 2006



A2006-3 amdt 1.8

notified LR 22 February 2006

s 1, s 2 commenced 22 February 2006 (LA s 75 (1))

amdt 1.8 commenced 23 February 2006 (s 2)

Note     This Act only amends the Public Advocate Act 2005

A2005-47

Civil Unions Act 2006

A2006-22 sch 1 pt 1.2

notified LR 19 May 2006

s 1, s 2 commenced 19 May 2006 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 pt 1.2 never commenced

Note     Act repealed by disallowance 14 June 2006 (see Cwlth Gaz 2006 No S93)

Justice and Community Safety Legislation Amendment Act 2006

A2006-40 sch 2 pt 2.4

notified LR 28 September 2006

s 1, s 2 commenced 28 September 2006 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 2 pt 2.4 commenced 29 September 2006 (s 2 (1))

Children and Young People (Consequential Amendments) Act 2008

A2008-20 sch 3 pt 3.1

notified LR 17 July 2008

s 1, s 2 commenced 17 July 2008 (LA s 75 (1))

s 3 commenced 18 July 2008 (s 2 (1))

sch 3 pt 3.1 commenced 27 October 2008 (s 2 (4) and see Children and Young People Act 2008

A2008-19, s 2 and CN2008-13

)

Statute Law Amendment Act 2008

A2008-28 sch 3 pt 3.1

notified LR 12 August 2008

s 1, s 2 commenced 12 August 2008 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 3 pt 3.1 commenced 26 August 2008 (s 2)

ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal Legislation Amendment Act 2008 (No 2)

A2008-37 sch 1 pt 1.2

notified LR 4 September 2008

s 1, s 2 commenced 4 September 2008 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 pt 1.2 commenced 2 February 2009 (s 2 (1) and see ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2008

A2008-35, s 2 (1) and CN2009-2

)

Adoption Amendment Act 2009

A2009-6

notified LR 5 March 2009

s 1, s 2 commenced 5 March 2009 (LA s 75 (1))

remainder commenced 6 March 2009 (s 2)

Adoption Amendment Act 2009 (No 2)

A2009-36

notified LR 22 October 2009

s 1, s 2 commenced 22 October 2009 (LA s 75 (1))

remainder commenced 22 April 2010 (s 2 and LA s 79)

Administrative (One ACT Public Service Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2011

A2011-22 sch 1 pt 1.5

notified LR 30 June 2011

s 1, s 2 commenced 30 June 2011 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 pt 1.5 commenced 1 July 2011 (s 2 (1))

Evidence (Consequential Amendments) Act 2011

A2011-48 sch 1 pt 1.2

notified LR 22 November 2011

s 1, s 2 commenced 22 November 2011 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 pt 1.2 commenced 1 March 2012 (s 2 (1) and see Evidence Act 2011

A2011-12, s 2 and CN2012-4

)

Civil Unions Act 2012

A2012-40 sch 3 pt 3.2

notified LR 4 September 2012

s 1, s 2 commenced 4 September 2012 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 3 pt 3.2 commenced 11 September 2012 (s 2)

Protection of Rights (Services) Legislation Amendment Act 2016 (No 2)

A2016-13 sch 1 pt 1.2

notified LR 16 March 2016

s 1, s 2 commenced 16 March 2016 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 pt 1.2 commenced 1 April 2016 (s 2 and see Protection of Rights (Services) Legislation Amendment Act 2016

A2016-1 s 2)

Children and Young People Legislation Amendment Act 2016

A2016-38 pt 2

notified LR 22 June 2016

s 1, s 2 commenced 22 June 2016 (LA s 75 (1))

pt 2 commenced 23 June 2016 (s 2)

Statute Law Amendment Act 2017

A2017-4 sch 3 pt 3.3

notified LR 23 February 2017

s 1, s 2 commenced 23 February 2017 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 3 pt 3.3 commenced 9 March 2017 (s 2)

Statute Law Amendment Act 2019

A2019-42 sch 3 pt 3.2

notified LR 31 October 2019

s 1, s 2 commenced 31 October 2019 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 3 pt 3.2 commenced 14 November 2019 (s 2 (1))

Adoption Amendment Act 2020

A2020-39

notified LR 20 August 2020

s 1, s 2 commenced 20 August 2020 (LA s 75 (1))

remainder commenced 1 September 2020 (s 2)

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Amendment Act 2020

A2020-40 sch 1

notified LR 20 August 2020

s 1, s 2 commenced 20 August 2020 (LA s 75 (1))

sch 1 commenced 20 August 2021 (s 2 (2))

4     Amendment history

Long Title

long title     sub A2009-36

s 4

Dictionary

s 2     om A2001-44

amdt 1.48

    ins A2008-28

amdt 3.8

Notes

s 3     om A1999-64

sch 2

    ins A2008-28

amdt 3.8

Objects and principles

pt 1A hdg     ins A2009-36

s 5

Objects of Act

s 4     defs reloc to dict A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    om A2008-28

amdt 3.8

    ins A2009-36

s 5

    def community advocate om A2005-47

amdt 1.1

    def determined fee om A2001-44

amdt 1.49

    def Director sub A1994-97

sch pt 1

    om A1999-64

sch 2

    def file om A2006-40

amdt 2.48

    def repealed laws om A2008-28

amdt 3.6

Best interests of child or young person paramount consideration

s 5     om A1993-44

sch 2

    ins A2009-36

s 5

    sub A2020-39

s 4

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child or young person—additional requirements

s 6     sub A2009-36

s 5

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Who can be adopted?

div 3.1 hdg     (prev pt 3 div 1 hdg) renum as div 3.1 hdg R4 LA

    sub A2009-36

s 6

Adoption of child or young person

s 9     am A2004-1

amdt 1.2, amdt 1.3; A2006-40

amdt 2.49

    sub A2009-36

s 6

Adoption of person 18 years old or older

s 10     am A2009-6

s 4

    sub A2009-36

s 6; A2020-39

s 5

Previous adoption immaterial

s 11     sub A2009-36

s 6

Frustration of immigration law

s 12     sub A2009-36

s 6

Who can adopt?

div 3.2 hdg     orig div 3.2 hdg

    (prev pt 3 div 2 hdg) renum as div 3.2 hdg and then renum as div 3.3 hdg

    pres div 3.2 hdg

    ins A2009-36

s 6

Residency requirement

s 13 hdg     sub A2006-22

amdt 1.8 (A2006-22

rep before commenced by disallowance (see Cwlth Gaz 2006 No S93))

s 13     am A2006-22

amdt 1.9 (A2006-22

rep before commenced by disallowance (see Cwlth Gaz 2006 No S93))

    sub A2009-6

s 5; A2009-36

s 6

Additional requirements for adoption of child or young person

s 14     sub A2009-36

s 6

    am A2012-40

amdt 3.9

    sub A2016-38

s 4

Adoption by step-parent

s 15     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 6

    om A2016-38

s 4

Adoption by one person

s 16     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 6

    om A2016-38

s 4

Adoption by relative

s 17     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2008-20

amdt 3.1; A2008-37

amdt 1.9

    sub A2009-36

s 6

    om A2016-38

s 4

Approval of suitable people

s 18     am A2004-1

amdts 1.4-1.6; A2006-22

amdt 1.10, amdt 1.11 (A2006-22

rep before commenced by disallowance (see Cwlth Gaz 2006 No S93))

    sub A2009-36

s 6

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Register of suitable people

s 19     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 6

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Overseas child

s 20     om A2009-36

s 6

Aboriginal child

s 21     om A2009-36

s 6

Notice of application for adoption order

s 22     sub A2006-40

amdt 2.50

    am A2008-28

amdt 3.9

    om A2009-36

s 6

Parties to proceedings

s 23     om A2009-36

s 6

Notification to chief executive of adoption order

s 24     am A1999-64

sch 2

    om A2009-36

s 6

Alternative orders on refusal of adoption order

s 25     am A1999-64

sch 2

    om A2009-36

s 6

Consents to adoptions

div 3.3 hdg     orig div 3.3 hdg

    (prev pt 3 div 3 hdg) renum as div 3.3 hdg and then renum as div 3.7 hdg

    pres div 3.3 hdg

    (prev pt 3 div 2 hdg) renum as div 3.2 hdg R4 LA and then renum as div 3.3 hdg (see A2009-36

s 7)

Consents of parents and guardians

s 26     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2005-47

amdt 1.2; A2006-40

amdt 2.51; A2008-28

amdt 3.10

    om A2009-36

s 6

    ins A2009-36

s 8

Information for certain parents considering consent

s 27     am A2004-1

amdt 1.7

    sub A2009-36

s 8

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

General or limited consents

s 29     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 9, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Instrument of consent

s 30     sub A2001-44

amdt 1.50

Revocation of consent

s 31     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2006-40

amdt 2.52

    am A2009-36

s 10, s 11, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Access during revocation period

s 32     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 12, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Consents under law of a State or another Territory

s 33     am A2009-36

s 72

Defective consents

s 34     am A2009-36

s 13

Dispensing with consent

s 35     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2008-28

amdt 3.11; A2009-36

s 14, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25; A2020-39

s 6; ss renum R23 LA

Placement of child or young person before adoption

div 3.4 hdg     orig div 3.4 hdg

    (prev pt 3 div 4 hdg) renum as div 3.4 hdg and then renum as div 3.8 hdg

    pres div 3.4 hdg

    ins A2009-36

s 15

Placement of child or young person before adoption

s 35A     ins A2009-36

s 15

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Consultation with child or young person before deciding placement

s 35B     ins A2009-36

s 15

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Guardianship before adoption

div 3.5 hdg     orig div 3.5 hdg

    (prev pt 3 div 5 hdg) renum as div 3.5 hdg and then renum as div 3.9 hdg

    pres div 3.5 hdg

    ins A2009-36

s 16

Guardianship before adoption

s 36     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2008-20

amdt 3.2

    sub A2009-36

s 17

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25; A2016-38

s 5

Guardianship of non-citizen child or young person

s 37     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 17

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Transfer of guardianship of child or young person until adoption

s 38 hdg     am A2009-36

s 72

s 38     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 72, s 74; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Review of status of child or young person released for adoption

s 39 hdg     am A2009-36

s 72

s 39     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 18, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Proceedings for an adoption order

div 3.6 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 19

Application for adoption order

s 39A     ins A2009-36

s 19

Notice of application for adoption order

s 39B     ins A2009-36

s 19

Parties to proceeding

s 39C     ins A2009-36

s 19

Report on proposed adoption

s 39D     ins A2009-36

s 19

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Consultation with child or young person before adoption order made

s 39E     ins A2009-36

s 19

    am A2009-36

s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Deciding application for adoption order for child or young person

s 39F     ins A2009-36

s 19

Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander child or young person

s 39G     ins A2009-36

s 19

Adoption of non-citizen child or young person

s 39H     ins A2009-36

s 19

Deciding application for adoption order for person 18 years old or older

s 39I     ins A2009-36

s 19

Notification to director-general of adoption order

s 39J hdg     am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

s 39J     ins A2009-36

s 19

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Alternative orders on refusal of adoption order

s 39K     ins A2009-36

s 19

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Discharge of adoption order

s 39L     ins A2009-36

s 19

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25; A2017-4

amdt 3.4

Conditional orders

div 3.7 hdg     (prev pt 3 div 3 hdg) renum as div 3.3 hdg R4 LA and then renum as div 3.7 hdg (see A2009-36

s 20)

Adoption order subject to certain conditions

s 40     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Amendment of adoption condition

s 41 hdg     sub A2006-40

amdt 2.53

s 41     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2006-40

amdts 2.54-2.56; A2009-36

s 21, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Cessation of condition

s 42     am A2006-40

amdt 2.57; A2009-36

s 72

Effect of adoption orders

div 3.8 hdg     (prev pt 3 div 4 hdg) renum as div 3.4 hdg R4 LA and then renum as div 3.8 hdg (see A2009-36

s 22)

General effect

s 43     am A2009-36

s 23

Disposition of property

s 44     am A2008-28

amdt 3.12

Names of adopted child or young person

s 45     am A2004-1

amdt 1.8

    sub A2009-36

s 24

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25; A2020-39

s 7

Effect of order on domicile

s 46     am A2009-36

s 72, s 73

Distribution of property by trustee or personal representative

s 47     am A2009-36

s 25

Bequest by will to unascertained adopted person

s 48     am A1999-64

s 4 sch 2; A2004-1

amdt 1.9, amdt 1.10; A2011-22

amdt 1.25; A2016-13

amdt 1.3

Gifts between living people

s 49     am A2004-1

amdt 1.11, amdt 1.12

Interim orders

div 3.9 hdg     (prev pt 3 div 5 hdg) renum as div 3.5 hdg R4 LA and then renum as div 3.9 hdg (see A2009-36

s 26)

Making of order

s 50     am A2009-36

s 27, s 72

Discharge

s 52     am A2009-36

s 72

Recognition of Australian adoptions

pt 4 hdg     sub A2009-36

s 28

Recognition of Australian adoptions

s 53     sub A2009-36

s 28

Intercountry and overseas adoption

pt 4A hdg     ins A2009-36

s 28

Preliminary

div 4A.1 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 28

Adoptions outside Australia—general

s 54     sub A2009-36

s 28

State central authority

s 55     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 28

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Functions of State central authority

s 56     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 28

Convention on intercountry adoption

div 4A.2 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 28

Adoption under Convention

sdiv 4A.2.1 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 28

Adoption in ACT of ACT child or young person by parents from Convention country

s 57     sub A2009-36

s 28

Report on child for intercountry adoption

s 57A     ins A2009-36

s 28

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Adoption in ACT of child or young person from Convention country by ACT parents

s 57B     ins A2009-36

s 28

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Issue of adoption compliance certificate

s 57C     ins A2009-36

s 28

Recognition under Convention

sdiv 4A.2.2 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 28

Recognition of adoption of child or young person from Convention country in that country

s 57D     ins A2009-36

s 28

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Recognition of adoption of child or young person from Convention country to another Convention country

s 57E     ins A2009-36

s 28

Effect of recognition

s 57F     ins A2009-36

s 28

Refusal to recognise adoption or decision

s 57G     ins A2009-36

s 28

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Order terminating legal relationship between child or young person and parents

s 57H     ins A2009-36

s 28

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Evidential value of adoption compliance certificate

s 57I     ins A2009-36

s 28

Bilateral arrangements for intercountry adoptions

div 4A.3 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 28

Adoption in ACT of child or young person from prescribed overseas jurisdiction by ACT parents

s 57J     ins A2009-36

s 28

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Evidential value of adoption compliance certificate—div 4A.3

s 57K     ins A2009-36

s 28

Recognition of other overseas adoptions

div 4A.4 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 28

Recognition of adoption order made outside Australia

s 57L     ins A2009-36

s 28

Declaration of validity of adoption order made outside Australia

s 57M     ins A2009-36

s 28

General

div 5.1 hdg     (prev pt 5 div 1 hdg) renum as div 5.1 hdg R4 LA

Definitions—pt 5

s 58     am A1993-64

; A1997-113

; A1999-64

sch 2

    def associated person sub A2009-36

s 29

    def birth parent sub A2004-1

amdt 1.13; A2009-36

s 29

    def birth relative sub A2009-36

s 29

    def identifying information sub A2009-36

s 29

    def relevant authority am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Application—pt 5

s 59     sub A2009-36

s 30

Confidentiality of records

s 60     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 31; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Records of adoptions

s 61     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 32; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Provision of information

s 62     am A1993-64

; A1997-113

; A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.21, amdt 1.25; A2020-40

amdt 1.1, amdt 1.2

Non-identifying information

div 5.2 hdg     (prev pt 5 div 2 hdg) renum as div 5.2 hdg R4 LA

Identifying information

div 5.3 hdg     (prev pt 5 div 3 hdg) renum as div 5.3 hdg R4 LA

Recipient of application

s 67     am A1993-64

; A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Restriction on entitlement to apply

s 68     am A1993-64

; A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

ss 33-38; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Assistance in obtaining approval

s 69     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Objection to contact—adoptions before Adoption Amendment Act 2009 (No 2)

s 70     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 39

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Contact veto by person other than adopted person—adoptions before Adoption Amendment Act 2009 (No 2)

s 71     sub A2009-36

s 40

Counselling services

s 72     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2001-44

amdt 1.51, amdt 1.52; R4 LA (see A2001-44

amdt 1.53); A2009-36

s 41; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Declaration that contact not be attempted

s 73     am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2009-36

s 42

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Birth details of adopted person born overseas

s 74     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

ss 43-45; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Application to court in absence of consent

s 75     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Other person's right to information

s 76     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Family information service

s 77 hdg     sub A2009-36

s 46

s 77     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 47; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Adoption information register

s 78     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Contact veto register

s 79     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Reunion information register

s 80     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2001-44

amdt 1.54, amdt 1.55; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Application for approval

s 81     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 74; A2011-22

amdt 1.25; A2016-38

s 6

Grant or refusal of approval

s 82     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 74; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Change in principal officer

s 83     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Revocation or suspension of approval

s 85     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 74; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Effect of cessation of approved agency

s 86     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Territorial application of pt 7

s 88     am A2009-36

s 74

Taking away etc of adopted child or young person by birth parent

s 89 hdg     am A2009-36

s 72

s 89     am A1994-81

; A2009-36

s 72

Receiving or harbouring child or young person

s 90 hdg     am A2009-36

s 72

s 90     am A1994-81

; A2009-36

s 72

Interfering with upbringing of child or young person

s 91 hdg     am A2009-36

s 72

s 91     am A1994-81

; A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 48, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Approval of communications

s 92     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Director-general's report for prosecution

s 93 hdg     sub A2011-22

amdt 1.22

s 93     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Payments in consideration of adoptions etc

s 94     am A1994-81

; A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Unauthorised arrangements for adoption

s 95     am A1994-81

; A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Unauthorised advertising

s 96     am A1994-81

; A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Restriction on publication of identity of parties

s 97     am A1994-81

; A2009-36

s 72

False statements

s 98     am A1994-81



    om A2004-15

amdt 2.7

Personation of person whose consent to adoption is required

s 99     am A1994-81

; A2009-36

s 72

Presenting consent obtained by fraud etc

s 100 hdg     sub A2004-15

amdt 2.8

s 100     am A1994-81

; A2004-15

amdt 2.9

Improperly witnessing consent

s 101     am A1994-81

; A2009-36

s 72

Notification and review of decisions

pt 7A hdg     ins A2008-37

amdt 1.10

Meaning of reviewable decision—pt 7A

s 102     am A1994-81

; A1999-64

sch 2

    om A2004-15

amdt 2.10

    ins A2008-37

amdt 1.10

Reviewable decision notices

s 103     am A1999-64

sch 2

    om A2005-47

amdt 1.3

    ins A2008-37

amdt 1.10

    am A2009-36

s 72, s 73; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Applications for review

s 103A     ins A2008-37

amdt 1.10

Registration of orders

s 104     am A1993-64

; A2001-44

amdt 1.56; A2009-36

s 49

Memoranda of orders interstate

s 105     am A1993-64

; A1997-113

; A2001-44

amdt 1.57, amdt 1.58

Particulars of interstate orders

s 106     am A1993-64

; A2009-36

s 50

Legal representation of child or young person

s 107 hdg     am A2009-36

s 72

s 107     am A2009-36

s 72

Notification to parents

s 108     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2009-36

s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Financial support of adopted children and young people

s 108A     ins A2009-36

s 51

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Notice of decisions

s 109     am A1993-64

; A1994-60

; A1999-64

sch 2

    om A2008-37

amdt 1.11

Review by administrative appeals tribunal

s 110     am A1999-64

sch 2

    om A2008-37

amdt 1.11

Authority to prosecute

s 111     am A2001-44

amdt 1.59, amdt 1.60

Hearings to be in camera

s 112     am A1997-96

Contents of reports not to be disclosed

s 113     am A2009-36

s 52

Director-general may appear at hearings

s 115 hdg     am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

s 115     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Judicial notice of signatures

s 117     am A1999-64

sch 2; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

    om A2011-48

amdt 1.2

Determination of fees

s 118     sub A2001-44

amdt 1.61

Fees payable

s 119     om A2001-44

amdt 1.61

Transitional provisions

s 120     om A2008-28

amdt 3.13

Approved forms

s 120A     ins A2001-44

amdt 1.62

    (4)-(7) exp 12 September 2002 (s 120A (7))

Regulation-making power

s 121     am A1998-54

; A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2001-44

amdt 1.63

    am A2009-36

s 53, s 72; A2011-22

amdt 1.25

Review of certain amendments made by Adoption Amendment Act 2020

s 122     ins A2020-39

s 8

    exp 1 September 2023 (s 122 (3))

Transitional—Adoption Amendment Act 2009 (No 2)

pt 20 hdg     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Definitions—pt 20

s 200     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

    def amended Act ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

    def amending Act ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

    def commencement day ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

    def pre-amendment Act ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Proceeding not completed before commencement day

s 201     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Consents to which s 34 (3) applies

s 202     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Request for placement not decided before commencement day

s 203     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Placement in force before commencement day

s 204     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Transitional regulations

s 205     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Expiry—pt 20

s 206     ins A2009-36

s 54

    exp 22 April 2012 (s 206 (1) (LA s 88 declaration applies))

Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption

sch 1     ins A2009-36

s 55

Dictionary

dict     ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    am A2008-37

amdt 1.12, amdt 1.13; A2009-36

s 56; A2011-22

amdt 1.23, amdt 1.24; A2012-40

amdt 3.10; A2016-13

amdt 1.4

    def Aboriginal child reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    om A2009-36

s 57

    def Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander child or young person ins A2009-36

s 58

    sub A2019-42

amdt 3.2

    def Aborigine reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    om A2009-36

s 59

    def adoption compliance certificate ins A2009-36

s 60

    def adoption order sub A2008-28

amdt 3.1

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    sub A2009-36

s 61

    def adoptive relative ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    def associated person ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    def Australia reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def birth parent ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    def birth relative ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    def central authority ins A2009-36

s 62

    def charitable organisation sub A2008-28

amdt 3.2

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def child sub A2008-28

amdt 3.2

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    sub A2009-36

s 63

    def Commonwealth Bilateral Arrangements Regulation ins A2009-36

s 64

    def Commonwealth central authority ins A2009-36

s 64

    def competent authority ins A2009-36

s 64

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

    def contact veto register reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def Convention ins A2009-36

s 64

    def Convention country ins A2009-36

s 64

    def country ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    sub A2009-36

s 65

    def court reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def disposition of property reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def general consent sub A2008-28

amdt 3.2

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def guardian am A1999-64

sch 2

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    am A2009-36

s 66, s 72

    def identifying information ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    def information ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    def instrument of consent sub A2008-28

amdt 3.2

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def intercountry adoption ins A2009-36

s 67

    def interim order sub A2008-28

amdt 3.3

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def limited consent sub A2008-28

amdt 3.4

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def non-citizen child or young person ins A2009-36

s 68

    def prescribed overseas jurisdiction ins A2009-36

s 68

    def principal officer am A1999-64

sch 2

    sub A2008-28

amdt 3.4

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    am A2011-22

amdt 1.25

    def private adoption agency reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def register of births ins A1997-113

sch

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def register of suitable people ins A2009-36

s 69

    def relative sub A2008-28

amdt 3.5

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    am A2009-36

s 72

    def relevant authority ins A2008-28

amdt 3.14

    def relevant administrative unit am A1994-38

sch 1 pt 4

    reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def responsible person reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    sub A2009-36

s 70

    am A2019-42

amdt 3.3

    def reunion information register reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def reviewable decision ins A2008-37

amdt 1.14

    def service reloc from s 4 A2008-28

amdt 3.7

    def State central authority ins A2009-36

s 71

    def step-parent ins A2009-36

s 71

    def young person ins A2009-36

s 71

5     Earlier republications

Some earlier republications were not numbered. The number in column 1 refers to the publication order.

Since 12 September 2001 every authorised republication has been published in electronic pdf format on the ACT legislation register. A selection of authorised republications have also been published in printed format. These republications are marked with an asterisk (*) in column 1. Electronic and printed versions of an authorised republication are identical.

Republication No and date

Effective

Last amendment made by

Republication for

R0A

11 Aug 2003

27 Aug 1993–

30 Sept 1993

A1993-44

amendments by A1993-44

R1

31 Jan 1994

1 Oct 1993–

30 June 1994

A1993-64

amendments by A1993-64

R1 (RI)

11 Aug 2003

1 Oct 1993–

30 June 1994

A1993-64

reissue of printed version

R1A

11 Aug 2003

1 July 1994–

13 Nov 1994

A1994-38

amendments by A1994-38

R1B

11 Aug 2003

14 Nov 1994–

28 Nov 1994

A1994-60

amendments by A1994-60

R1C

11 Aug 2003

29 Nov 1994–

14 Dec 1994

A1994-81

amendments by A1994-81

R2

31 Jan 1995

15 Dec 1994–

31 May 1998

A1994-97

amendments by A1994-97

R2 (RI)

11 Aug 2003

15 Dec 1994–

31 May 1998

A1994-97

reissue of printed version

R2A

11 Aug 2003

1 June 1998–

23 June 1998

A1997-113

amendments by A1997-96

R3

31 Jan 1999

9 Dec 1998–

9 May 2000

A1998-54

amendments by A1997-113

and A1998-54

R3 (RI)

11 Aug 2003

9 Dec 1998–

9 May 2000

A1998-54

reissue of printed version

R3A

11 Aug 2003

10 May 2000–

11 Sept 2001

A1999-64

amendments by A1999-64

R4

13 Dec 2001

12 Sept 2001–

12 Sept 2002

A2001-44

amendments by A2001-44

R5

13 Sept 2002

13 Sept 2002–

21 Mar 2004

A2001-44

commenced expiry

R6

22 Mar 2004

22 Mar 2004–

8 Apr 2004

A2004-1

amendments by A2004-1

R7

9 Apr 2004

9 Apr 2004–

28 Feb 2006

A2004-15

amendments by A2004-15

R8*

1 Mar 2006

1 Mar 2006–

28 Sept 2006

A2006-3

amendments by A2005-47

as amended by A2006-3

R9

29 Sept 2006

29 Sept 2006–

25 Aug 2008

A2006-40

amendments by A2006-40

R10

26 Aug 2008

26 Aug 2008–

26 Oct 2008

A2008-28

amendments by A2008-28

R11

27 Oct 2008

27 Oct 2008–

1 Feb 2009

A2008-37

amendments by A2008-20

R12

2 Feb 2009

2 Feb 2009–

5 Mar 2009

A2008-37

amendments by A2008-37

R13

6 Mar 2009

6 Mar 2009–

21 Apr 2010

A2009-6

amendments by A2009-6

R14

22 Apr 2010

22 Apr 2010–

30 June 2011

A2009-36

amendments by A2009-36

R15*

1 July 2011

1 July 2011–

29 Feb 2012

A2011-22

amendments by A2011-22

R16

1 Mar 2012

1 Mar 2012–

22 Apr 2012

A2011-48

amendments by A2011-48

R17

23 Apr 2012

23 Apr 2012–

10 Sept 2012

A2011-48

expiry of transitional provisions (pt 20)

R18

11 Sept 2012

11 Sept 2012–

31 Mar 2016

A2012-40

amendments by A2012-40

R19

1 Apr 2016

1 Apr 2016–

22 June 2016

A2016-13

amendments by A2016-13

R20

23 June 2016

23 June 2016–

8 Mar 2017

A2016-38

amendments by A2016-38

R21

9 Mar 2017

9 Mar 2017–

13 Nov 2019

A2017-4

amendments by A2017-4

R22

14 Nov 2019

14 Nov 2019–

31 Aug 2020

A2019-42

amendments by A2019-42

R23

1 Sept 2020

1 Sept 2020–

19 Aug 2021

A2020-39

amendments by A2020-39

R24

20 Aug 2021

20 Aug 2021–

1 Sept 2023

A2020-40

amendments by A2020-40

6     Expired transitional or validating provisions

This Act may be affected by transitional or validating provisions that have expired. The expiry does not affect any continuing operation of the provisions (see Legislation Act 2001

, s 88 (1)).

Expired provisions are removed from the republished law when the expiry takes effect and are listed in the amendment history using the abbreviation ‘exp' followed by the date of the expiry.

To find the expired provisions see the version of this Act before the expiry took effect. The ACT legislation register has point-in-time versions of this Act.

















© Australian Capital Territory 2023

ACT Crest high res small

Australian Capital Territory

A1993-20

Republication No 25

Effective: 2 September 2023

Republication date: 2 September 2023

Last amendment made by A2020-40



(republication for expiry of provision (s 122))













About this republication

The republished law

This is a republication of the Adoption Act 1993

(including any amendment made under the Legislation Act 2001

, part 11.3 (Editorial changes)) as in force on 2 September 2023

. It also includes any commencement, amendment, repeal or expiry affecting this republished law to 2 September 2023

.

The legislation history and amendment history of the republished law are set out in endnotes 3 and 4.

Kinds of republications

The Parliamentary Counsel's Office prepares 2 kinds of republications of ACT laws (see the ACT legislation register at www.legislation.act.gov.au

):

              • authorised republications to which the Legislation Act 2001

applies

              • unauthorised republications.

The status of this republication appears on the bottom of each page.

Editorial changes

The Legislation Act 2001

, part 11.3 authorises the Parliamentary Counsel to make editorial amendments and other changes of a formal nature when preparing a law for republication. Editorial changes do not change the effect of the law, but have effect as if they had been made by an Act commencing on the republication date (see Legislation Act 2001

, s 115 and s 117). The changes are made if the Parliamentary Counsel considers they are desirable to bring the law into line, or more closely into line, with current legislative drafting practice.

This republication does not include amendments made under part 11.3 (see endnote 1).

Uncommenced provisions and amendments

If a provision of the republished law has not commenced, the symbol  U  appears immediately before the provision heading. Any uncommenced amendments that affect this republished law are accessible on the ACT legislation register (www.legislation.act.gov.au

). For more information, see the home page for this law on the register.

Modifications

If a provision of the republished law is affected by a current modification, the symbol  M  appears immediately before the provision heading. The text of the modifying provision appears in the endnotes. For the legal status of modifications, see the Legislation Act 2001

, section 95.

Penalties

At the republication date, the value of a penalty unit for an offence against this law is $160 for an individual and $810 for a corporation (see Legislation Act 2001

, s 133).

ACT
Crest high res small

Australian Capital Territory

Adoption Act 1993



Endnotes115

ACT
Crest high res small

Australian Capital Territory

Adoption Act 1993



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